Bake uNikolay Nikolaevich: engobomi, umsebenzi yenzululwazi

Bake UNikolai - eyaziwa Soviet Chemical, leyo yenye wabaseki Chemical Physics. Kwakhona, hero yethu yaba academician of the Academy of Sciences USSR.

ngeminyaka

-Nzulu elizayo wazalwa kwisixeko Russian of Saratov ngo-Apreli 1896. Nicholas waphumelela i-Saratov kwisikolo yokwenene-1913, yaye igama lakhe bangena ebhodini legolide. Ngexesha uqeqesho, lo mfo wadibana Vladimir Karmilovym - utitshala wakhe kunye nomhlobo. Yaba nguye owaxhasa bake inzondelelo ukuba anikezele ukuphila kwakhe kwinzululwazi. ubuhlobo babo, ukuba kulo nyaka. Ngehlobo lowe-1913 bake UNikolai efika Petrograd University Physics and Mathematics Faculty. UNikolay Aleksandrovich bake wayeyindoda yomkhosi yaye ndacinga ukuba unyana wakhe nabo ndiyazingcwalisa mna ukuba lo msebenzi. Xa engena yunivesithi, kwabakho liqhekeke entsatsheni, eyathatha iminyaka eliqela. Ukususela kunyaka wesibini wezifundo, lo mfana waba waphanda esinzulu phantsi kolwalathiso A. Joffe. Wabhala amaphepha eziliqela lwenzululwazi malunga athom kunye iimolekyuli. Ngowe-1917 waphumelela eyunivesithi waza wafumana idiploma ye isidanga sokuqala. Bake uNikolay Nikolaevich bahlala esikolweni, wangena lo mfo professorial (owayephila post-graduate).

ofisi

Biography semenova Nikolaya Nikolaevicha yenza ithuba entsha xa ngowe-1918 waya Samara ukuba batyelele abazali bakhe. Ukufika kwabo apho, efumana imvukelo Czechoslovak Corps. Ngehlobo lowe-1918 abasemagunyeni e Samara bambamba SRs. Emva kwexesha elithile, uNicholas ubizwa ukuba abe isosha njengetsha-ntliziyo umkhosi White Guard. Apho waba iiveki ezintathu kuphela ingumkhokeli zokudubula ibhetri. Loo ubomi elifutshane ngenxa yokuba kungekudala iindaba weza ukuba uyise ugula kakhulu. Lo mfana waba ukuhamba, kodwa uyise wasweleka kungekudala.

Tomsk

Emva koko, Nicholas wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele endaweni yokulwa, zesuka waya Tomsk, leyo ekhampasini elikufutshane. Malunga emibini neminyaka yobomi bakhe wachitha apha Isazinzulu ukusebenza kwiYunivesithi kunye Institute of Technology. Noko ke, ngenxa kwexesha, izazinzulu viva kumkhosi Kolchak kaThixo. Waye ngendlela nomkhosi zokudubula, kodwa kungekudala kudluliselwa radiobatalon kubulelwe ubenokuqina oogxa bakhe. Emva koko, wakwazi ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe kwi-Institute of Technology. Xa Ebusika ka-1919, isixeko bababamba Olubomvu Army. Oku kwakhokelela ukuba bake yagxothwa, emva koko waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe uphando kunye nokufundisa.

izimemo Joffe

Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1920, UNikolai bake, ogama engobomi yenza komnye umjikelo engalindelekanga, wabuyela Petrograd kwi isimemo komhlobo wakhe Joffe, ngelo xesha wadala Physical-Technical Institute of the radiology. Bake waba yintloko kwilebhu nesenzeko ngekhompyutha, yaye emva kwethuba wakhonza nesekela lomlawuli Physico-Technical Institute. Kunye ne P. Kapitsa hero yethu inikela lesayensi indlela entsha yokulinganisa lo mhlaba otsalayo atom kwintsimi nonuniform. Le ndlela inye ngenkuthalo ekuphuhliseni ezinye izazinzulu ezimbini O. Stern kunye W. Gerlach. Ngowe-1928, uNikolay bake wafumana kwisihloko Unjingalwazi iLeningrad Polytechnic Institute. Emva kwexesha elithile, Walizinzisa Institute of Chemical Physics lube umqondisi yeyesigxina ude imihla yakhe yokugqibela. Interesting yokuba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokusekwa eyunivesithi, watshintshelwa eMoscow.

Kungekudala lo njingalwazi uba lilungu Academy of Sciences ye-USSR, yaye ngowe-1932 - ilungu layo ngokwenene. Kungekudala emva, wapapasha elinye ngodaba osihloko sithi "Ichiza kinetics kunye Intsabelo Chain", apho iingxoxo ubungqina bobukho ukusabela chain.

impi

UNikolay bake - ikhemikali oko kumlungele na imeko yabo, ebudeni bemfazwe. Ngowe-1941, yena babalekela Kazan, apho intlawulo deal kunye uqhushumbo otshisayo. Kungekudala wabuyela eyinkunzi waqalisa umsebenzi umhlohli e Moscow State University. abasebenzi University ahlanganiswe kakhulu kubanda kwindawo yabo semenova. Kulo nyaka mnye walungelelanisa isebe kinetics acid, likhokelwa kule minyaka engama-40 ezayo.

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Ngowe-1946, wahlela ndawonye P. Kapitsa kwiziko ikhankanywe bake kwaye ngaxeshanye uba yayo intsebenziswano ngumseki kunye nomlawuli we-Faculty of Chemistry zenzululwazi. kwiminyaka elishumi yobomi bakhe (1940-1950), yena lilungu esebenzayo osebenza kweprojekthi Soviet atomic. Ngowe-1947, bake uNikolay ungena ezintlwini CPSU. Ukususela 1961 ukuya 1966 waba lilungu umgqatswa le CC, ngokunjalo izihlandlo 3 waba ibamba yeBhunga Ephakamileyo. Ngowe-1966 wonyulwa kwibamba 7 intlanganiso weSithili # 512.

Le Isazinzulu wayengomnye abachasi zemfazwe yenyukliya. Esikolweni zenzululwazi ziquka ekhemisi kunye yemvelo ezifana Ya Zel'dovich, Yu Chariton, uN Emanuel. Yagqiba umphengululi enkulu kwikomkhulu Russian kwi Novodevichy Amangcwaba. Wafa evela izinto zendalo ekwindla ka-1986.

kwimisebenzi yezobunzululwazi

UNikolay bake, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane esingunobangela kweli nqaku, wenza izinto ezifunyaniswe ezininzi luncedo zenzululwazi. Eyona kubo zinxulumene ithiyori dubulo thermal, imixube igesi yokutsha kunye nethiyori ye reactions impahla e chemistry. Umba wokuqala enkulu ingxaki zegesi Scientist ionization. Kwakhona benza isihloko yokuwa Heating, nto leyo kamva kwakhokelela ukuba adale yokuwa wobushushu e-worldwork theory. Yaba isiseko kwingcamango ucinezelo thermal. Konke oku wamvumela ukuba ijongane nemiba detonation neziqhushumbisi kananjalo otshisayo.

Kunye ne Kapitza lwezenzululwazi baqhuba iimvavanyo, leyo ukuba ukubala ukwahluka umqadi-athom paramagnetic esigangeni inhomogeneous. Ne Yu Khariton wakwazi ukubona lobushushu amafu nokuxinana yayo ebalulekileyo.

Le Isazinzulu idumileyo iye ezifunyenwe imfundiso yakhe reactions chain. Emva kwethutyana wakungqina inkqubo chain ngokugqibeleleyo, becaphula Zininzi iingxoxo. Ezi zinto ziye uvule zexa ezintsha ekhemisi zemfundo. Nge Shilov wabonisa ubudlelwane iinkqubo amandla kunye nophuhliso reactions chain. Ngowe-1956, bake wawongwa iBhaso Nobel Chemistry. Kwakhona, nguye umbhali wencwadi ethi "Lo mkhuba chain amandla eyayizalwa ngo ekudibaneni kwemichiza."

UNikolay bake, ngubani na kwiphepha ifoto, indlela ukucokisa le miqulu eselugcinwe yokuzibophelela zokubhala uxinzelelo Bodenstein. Ngaphambi koku, le ndlela yaba sisiseko kuphela izibalo entshukumo xa befundisa. Umsebenzi womntu ngamnye we zezenzululwazi eyayinikelwe umxholo iinkqubo encedisa ukuqalisa imisebenzi. Wachaza imfundiso catalysis owahlukeneyo kunye Vol'kenshtein F. kunye B. yePhondo.

usapho

Bake uNikolay Nikolaevich eyakhulela kwintsapho enesidima kakhulu. Njengoko sele uyazi, utata wakhe igosa. Emva umhlala wayesebenza unobhala, yaye kamva waba uceba karhulumente wafumana izikhulu zobuqu. Umama kwemithi Elena waba imvelaphi ahlukile. UTatomkhulu Nikolaya semenova komama Tsarskoye Selo yaba ngumsebenzi.

hero yethu wayetshate ngo-1921 ukuya umbhali umphengululi, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi Petrograd kunye umguquleli wabe Mary Isidorovne Boreyshe-Liverovskii. An into umdla umfazi sele saba nabantwana abane ukusuka umntu wakhe wokuqala yaye wayemdala kakhulu neqabane lakhe. Emva kweminyaka emibini ukonwaba kunye UMariya Isidorovna wabulawa ngumhlaza. Emva konyaka, isazinzulu utshata Natale Burtsevoy - nomtshana ngumfazi wakhe. Lo umtshato waba yimpumelelo kakhulu ngakumbi, njengoko isibini wanika abantwana ezimangalisayo ezimbini: Ludmilla kunye kaYuri. Ngowe-1971, bake uNikolay yabola ukudibanisa ubomi nomnye abancedisi bakhe. Umtshato sokugqibela, abe mabini, njengawokuqala, namntwana.

Eshwankathela nqaku, kunokuthiwa ukuba umsebenzi kunye namava Nikolaya semenova waba isiseko esiluqilima uphando kunye nophuhliso nenzululwazi chemical. omsebenzi Isazinzulu kaThixo yabalasela uluhlu namabhaso ukuba aye aye wayifumana ngomsebenzi wabo onzima neengcinga ezintsha.