Battle of eMoscow 1941

I-Second World War uyazi uloyiso ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kunye neziganeko sibi. Kodwa Battle of eMoscow elusuku olukhe- kwimbali. Kwaba apha, phantsi iindonga ilitye elimhlophe, umkhosi waseJamani bahlulwa yayo yokuqala enkulu. Kufuphi eMoscow ukuba kwakungenakwenzeka wangcwatywa isicwangciso "Blitzkrieg" ka Hitler, kwaye intsomi invincibility yomkhosi ka Wesithathu iye achithwa ngonaphakade.

Ngokubanzi, i-Battle of eMoscow wayebunjwa iseti oluntsonkothileyo amadabi kunye nemisebenzi, olwabanjwa ngomhla kwintsimi enkulu kwaye ukuwa waqhubeka ka 1941 kunye nobusika 1942.

Kwezi ziganeko, ngomhla zombini kwicala ngaphambili wawuzinyaswe abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini abantu, amawaka amabini amatanki, phantse amawaka amabini ezabe ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini anesihlanu amawaka yokulwa guns ezahlukeneyo.

Ngu uhlobo iziganeko ekulweni eMoscow lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amabini: ukuzithethelela, ekhubekisayo.

Battle of eMoscow 1941: Isigaba ukuzithethelela

Ekuqaleni kowe-'41, amajoni Soviet banyanzelwa ukuba bashiye Kiev, ESmolensk, baleka eLeningrad. IKharkiv, ummandla IDonetsk, eCrimea waba sisongelwa lungabanjwa. imikhosi German ithwele ilahleko enkulu wamajoni kunye nezixhobo emkhosini, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, sekunjalo lalibukele inyathelo okuhlaselayo ezama wakhawuleza ukuya ngasempuma.

In Kwikomkhulu kaHitler lenze umsebenzi okhethekileyo "Typhoon 'ukuba bambambe ikomkhulu USSR. Ngokutsho kulo msebenzi, lo mzi waba lixhoba ukuba agqunywe kwafa epheleleyo yokuba akukho umhlali awayengakwazanga ukuyi ukuba ulishiye. Oku kwalandelwa ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kunye nezikhukula of eMoscow. Amaxhoba kwakungekho ukuba. Amanxiwa bekumele ukuba ukuzalisa isanti, wabeka phezu ilitye lesikhumbuzo imbeko yomkhosi gidi waseJamani. Ngokubonakalayo, litye lesikhumbuzo zasiwa eMoscow izixhobo zomkhosi.

Xa kwicala eMoscow ngelo xesha fronts ezintathu eSoviet: i-Western, Bryansk kunye Reserve. Kubo kwakumi German Army Group "Centre" wamajoni ngaphezu kwesigidi. Kwaba engaphezu imipu enesiqingatha, amatanki kunye moya yamanqaku ewonke, ngelo xesha balihlutha umkhosi kaHitler.

Umkhosi eSoviet ngelo xesha lilincinane kakhulu bucala yezixhobo, kunye nomgangatho kwaba mandundu. Ngoko ke, kwafuneka eqongeni ngoyaba eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet ukuba kube nzima kakhulu.

Mozhaisk and Volokolamsk ulwalathiso yeyona ndlela imfutshane eMoscow. Kwaba kukhona kuqala waqalisa iimfazwe ezininzi okhohlakeleyo ukuba iindlela kwikomkhulu. amajoni Soviet waba ukuxhathisa zobuqhawe ngokwenene. imikhosi nengalinganiyo mababuyekezwe le ubuqhawe lobuqu. Iindleko ubomi babo, bazama ukuba kuphoswa utshaba intliziyo lokhokho.

imo zokungqinga yabhengezwa eMoscow kunye namadlelo ayo. Abahlali belungiselela ukuziphendulela lomzi wabo.

Noko ke, ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha 41 Commander zhukov ecetywayo ukutshintsha ukuziphendulela kumntu sokubala-hlaselo. Umsebenzi umkhosi Soviet ukuba litshitshiswe amaqela logwayimbo yotshaba ukuphelisa isisongelo kufuphi eMoscow.

Battle of Moscow, ubusika 1942: nenqanaba lohlaselo

Disemba 6 yi Red Army kwaye kwasetyenzwa lokuqala ezinkulu counter-ukuhlaselwa ngasentla nangasezantsi eMoscow. zone ezihlaselayo zenzeka 1,000 neekhilomitha - ukusuka Yelets ukuya esibizwa. Ngu Disemba 9 smogs imikhosi zethu lityhale umdlali phantse-40 km. AmaJamani, nangona, yaye izixhobo kakhulu, kodwa zange balungele ukulwa kwi Russian zasebusika ngqwabalala kunye ubuqhawe lobuqu ongenakoyiswa amajoni Soviet. Ichaphazela kwakhona yokungabikho imikhosi reserve kotshaba.

Hitler Kwanyanzeleka ukuba atyikitye ukuze ukuhambisa imikhosi yayo kwimo ezithethelela, buya umva ukusuka kwizikhundla ngaxeshanye inkoliso iinjengele zakhe nokusebenzisa umyalelo okuphezulu ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ke imeko ngaphambili, wayengakwazi ukuba aphule.

Kuba 1942 amajoni ezintsha isiJamani Undityhale umva ukusuka eMoscow sele ezimakhulu mabini khilomitha, esibizwa kunye ukulungela bakhululeka amaNazi. emngciphekweni wentshabalalo yangoko nangoko kokuba kuthinjwe eMoscow kusaba.

Ixabiso Battle of eMoscow

Esi siganeko ngokungathandabuzekiyo sichaphazele indlela Second World War, njengoko Idabi eMoscow ndizise ulibo i uloyiso emikhulu amajoni eSoviet. Lokufakwa eyinkunzi ebeya zikhalile lizwe kunye neziphumo loyiso ukudilika ngamaNazi eJamani. Kwaye apha ke wadlala indima hayi icandelo psychological kuphela. Kwingingqi Moscow, uninzi kwizakhiwo zoshishino kunye nabammeli zaye bagxila owayesebenza kuyo imfazwe. Ikhupha 70% ye-moya zomkhosi, uninzi kweqokobhe.

Xa utshaba ungayithandi evela iindonga kwikomkhulu, isimo salo amajoni Soviet wenyuka kakhulu. Le ihlombe nokholo olungenamiqathango ekoyiseni banceda kamva Idabi Kursk kunye Stalingrad.

Ukusuka esemqoka yokucingela Idabi eMoscow kwanceda soyisa eliCebisayo kakuhle imikhosi yaseJamani - nomkhosi kunye netanki.

amajoni Soviet zaye kakhulu ehlaziyiweyo emva eli dabi. abahlukene uwedwa sele kubonakele edabini, ziye zadityaniswa kwicandelo elitsha nge-ngqwayi bazithembe nabanamava.

Ukuba eMoscow liye laba Rubicon ngalo ayiphumelelanga ukudlula amajoni aseJamani kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II.