Baltic Sea: ubunzulu kunye mphandle, inkcazo, indawo okuyo

I-Sea Baltic kunye nonxweme yayo - indawo umdla, yongezwe iinkumbulo Vikings, kukupholisa ubume babo wasentla. Yohluka kwezinye iilwandle yohlobo yoncedo, kwaye iimpawu lobushushu unxweme. Baltika has a ngokubaluleka elikhulu kwimbali neAfrika iRashiya.

indawo okuyo

Baltic noLwandle yemephu kumantla iYurophu bobabo i-Atlantic isitya. Limited 54 ° 46 'no-65 ° 56' inkululeko emntla-9 ° 57 'no-30 ° 00' empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Indawo yokugqibela, nto leyo koLwandle iBaltic kwimephu: Malunga Arctic Circle emntla, kufuphi Wismar ngasezantsi, empuma ukusondela St. Petersburg nencopho ngasentshonalanga ise kwisithili Flensburg.

kubunzulu Uncedo kunye

Isiqabu esezantsi iye umahluko ezincinane ezivela ugu nemisela kuLwandle lweBaltic. Ubunzulu, yena, naye kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kwindawo ezingqongileyo. icala langasezantsi kolwandle, endingowakhe eJamani, Poland kunye Denmark, uthe tyaba, tyaba, zokuqubha zesanti. Rocky nasezantsi ezimagqagala ezinamatye ibekwe kwinxalenye esemantla. Ubunzulu kunye nobume kuLwandle lweBaltic zahlukile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Umzantsi uba kumphezulu entsonkothileyo kakhulu dissected. Kukho misinga ukuba malahlulwe iinduli iziqithi wenqwelwana, equka kuLwandle lweBaltic. Ubunzulu kwenye encinane. Umzekelo, kukho iziza wavakalisa isiqabu numbers - oko nzulu of Finland, Riga kunye Bothnia.

Ngenxa yoko, i-Sea Baltic kukho nobunzulu kweemitha ngaphantsi kwama-200. Ukudakumba yahlukile Landsortskaya. Ubunzulu liphezulu kuLwandle lweBaltic ibekwe kule ndawo kwaye malunga neemitha 470. Landsortskaya isitya yolula kwicala emazantsi-ntshonalanga. Abanye - ubunzulu engaphantsi: Gotland - 249 m and Gdansk - 116 m kumbindi elwandle Arkonskaya - 53 m kunye Bornholm - 105 m (entshona).

Bay kunye nobunzima

Libhekisela elwandle emhlabeni. Ekumzantsi, nawayenxuse ukuya kuLwandle North ngokusebenzisa besengxakini Danish (kwiSmall kunye Belt Enkulu, Sound), Skagerrak kunye Kattegat.

Ukuya empumalanga lowo Gulf of Riga phakathi Estonia Latvia. Estonian Saaremaa skeleton ngokuyinxenye esahlula ibheyi ukusuka ezinye zolwandle. Kodwa kukho ezinkulu Finnish kunye Gulf of Bothnia

Neva Bay - uSahlulelo esempuma Gulf of Finland. Kumgama omalunga-50 km ukusuka St. Petersburg, lo kwisiqithi Kotlin, apho wakha isixeko Kronstadt. Idama inxulumanisa siqithi kunye nesixeko St. Petersburg, emendweni kungekabekwa nedama, ukuze abantu bakwazi ukufumana ukuya nomsinga umva ngemoto.

Emantla-mpuma inxalenye, apho umda phakathi eRashiya eFinland, i-Gulf of Finland inxibelelene kwi Vyborg Bay. Kukho kwakhona kuphuma Saimaa Canal eziqeshiweyo yi eFinland. Iqhuba umsebenzi indlela yothutho, kwaye kwakhona ludumile ngabakhenkethi ngexesha efudumeleyo. Iindwendwe apha kwaye ubuhle yomhlaba, yaye umsebenzi-uthenga.

ugu

kunxweme loLwandle lweBaltic yi ezahlukeneyo. E Latvia elunxwemeni uhlobo ulwandiso, akhiwa nokwanda eselunxwemeni mida. Lagoon akhiwa umsantsa kwaye siyahlukana ulwandle ngomoya elibhalwe ngokumileyo elimxinwa, elise Kaliningrad. unxweme yokubhalela into erhangqwe inxalenye enkulu yolwandle, ingakumbi, abe Poland. Kwaye ukuba akhiwa phantsi kwempembelelo imimoya ezikhoyo kunye nemisinga yonxweme. Amawa - iindawo ezivaliweyo nzulu kunye emaweni kwaye ezinde ezinamatye angqonge ulwandle evela entla. Bona zenziwe iimpazamo ziitectonic plates kunye nezikhukula iintili lomlambo. kunxweme Skerry wabonakala ngenxa izikhukula kunye mpuluswa yi ezihambayo, isongiwe yodwa ematyeni crystalline. Project Ezi ukuphakama phezu komhlaba elwandle njengoko iziqithi iseti-Nqabakazi kunye imizila umsebenzi glacial.

Yi amazwe Sea lweBaltic abe imveliso zilandelayo - Russia, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, eJamani, Poland, eSweden, Denmark, Finland. Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union, Russia uhlala icandelo encinane zonxweme,% 7 kuphela, endaweni kobokuqala-25%, nto leyo izisa ilahleko yonyaka karhulumente. Ngoko wabeka kufuphi Vyborg, neya kugxininisa emalahleni kunye nempahla owomileyo omnye kwizibuko Primorsk. Izibuko sesibini kwi Luga Bay, kuya kuba ioli-iyalayisha.

iinkqubo ziitectonic plates

Nanamhla oku, siyaqhubeka ukutshintsha kuLwandle lweBaltic. It has a kubunzulu encinane xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe i-Atlantic Ocean. Enyanisweni, lo mzimba ezikhulu zamanzi ngenxa yobukho zawo izihlandlo eziliqela waba ulwandle ulwandle kwakhona ngenxa yeenkqubo ziitectonic plates. Ngoku kukho omnye ibakala ulwandle ihlukane olwandle kwaye echibini yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo ukuwuvala. Lubonakala yi ngokuvela emazantsi Gulf of Bothnia ebudeni bonyaka ngenxa iisentimitha ezimbalwa nezikhukula nemida esemazantsi. iinkqubo ezinjalo kuyimfuneko ukuze kwandiswe zankomo ngasentla zibuko. Kuba usindiso iindawo ezomileyo ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe bonxweme wenza ndunduma.

layers lobushushu

Ubunzulu, nayo, kuxhomekeke lobushushu kuLwandle lweBaltic. Inxalenye enkulu kwechibi elikhulu yamanzi lungohlulwa lube ngaphezulu, kwabo amanzi exeshana enzonzobila.

Umaleko kumphezulu ivela-0 ukuya ku-20 eemitha, ekuhlaleni - ukusuka kwiimitha 0 ukuya 90 kunye lobushushu degrees 0 ukuya kuma-20. It ukhandwa impefumlelwano elwandle emoyeni amanzi empompoza evela emhlabeni nomsinga. lobushushu ulwandle lweBaltic kule nwebu kuyahlukana ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka. Summer elide wabonisa abandayo esiphakathi kwabo amanzi, benziwa ngenxa zokufudumeza ebonakalayo kumphezulu yolwandle. Umaleko ngokunzulu (emazantsi kunye 50-60 neemitha ngaphezu kwayo) yi kubushushu ukusuka degrees-1 ukuya ku-15. Lo maleko ukhandwa amanzi ungena iindinyana ezincinane ezinkulu Belt kunye echukumisayo.

Ukuze ube nokufaka isicelo umaleko utshintsho amanzi ukusuka 20-60 ukuya 90-100 iimitha kubunzulu. Zinelungelo lobushushu degrees 2-6, kwasekwa esitiyeni ubunzulu amanzi komhlaba zikhabane.

Features lobushushu amanzi oLwandle aseBalti

indawo uLwandle Individual impawu izakhiwo amanzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, indawo Bornholm uye umaleko efudumeleyo (7-11 degrees) kunye ehlotyeni nasebusika. It ukhandwa amanzi efudumeleyo evela ngapha apha Arkonskogo echibini shushu. It ngenxa yobunzulu ephantsi yamanzi ulwandle sihambe elithe tyaba abandayo maleko eliphakathi angekhoyo ehlotyeni.

Ukuguquka lobushushu zonyaka

Ubusika lobushushu emanzini olwandle evulekileyo iphezulu ngaphezu koko zonxweme, ngoxa eyahlukileyo kunxweme eNtshona naseMpuma Koloni. NgoFebruwari lobushushu ngu 0.7 ezinomsila Ventspilsa kumalwandle inkululeko efanayo - malunga nama-2 degrees, kunxweme olusentshona - degree 1.

Ehlotyeni amanzi kumphezulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zolwandle bahluka lobushushu. imimoya ezikhoyo ziqhutywa kwabo amanzi komhlaba Western bevela entshona. Amanzi engaphantsi abandayo ayanyuka abe phezulu. Ngenxa yale meko kwimimandla akumzantsi nombindi, kwaye nasentshonalanga ucutho nemida obushushu. Ukongeza, ukuya ngasezantsi kunxweme ye Sweden ke ngoku ebandayo evela Gulf of Bothnia.

okunzulu lwamaxesha onyaka kwamaqondo amanzi libizwe kuphela eliphezulu leemitha 50-60, imilinganiselo ezinzulu ziyahluka kancinane. Iinguqu lobushushu engqeleni abangekhoyo, kodwa ubunzulu izikhombisi iyehla kancinci. In lobushushu amanzi ashushu lisingisa 20-30 eemitha zexa elizayo ngokusebenzisa ukuxuba. Ehlotyeni xa umphezulu maleko eshushu-manzi kunye thermocline sicacisiwe ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu komnyaka, umaleko esiphakathi igcinwe kubanda.

Ubunzulu, isimo kunye nezinye iimpawu loLwandle lweBaltic zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Le indawo okuyo, ukuba kwi ezinezinga ezisemantla, ngokunjalo yokuhlala kwi plate zwekazi.