Yintoni na ubuchopho Boltzmann?

Umnqweno omkhulu lonke uluntu kudaladala kuye ngokwenzeka imfihlelo iphela. yeengcinga ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neengcamango useza iingqondo izazinzulu ehlabathini lonke. Yintoni ingqondo Boltzmann yaye kutheni kucingwa iziphumo ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga kabi kwimbali ngokuma?

Lyudvig Boltsman and imfundiso yakhe

Lyudvig Boltsman waba yemvelo ngubani ezikhethekileyo ukukhanda zamanani, Newton inxulumanisa amasuntswana zokoqobo obizwa. Boltzmann theory entshukumo kuphela echaza indlela ubushushu, umsebenzi namandla bazalana omnye komnye. Kwakhona wanikela inkcazelo ecacileyo entropy. Nangona ingqondo yakhe Boltzmann kwaye eso simo ukuqonda yemveli wendalo iphela kunye neengcinga zakhe, nangona neenzima ingqiqo yabo, loo nto nayo ephawulekayo.

Ingcinezelo, lobushushu kunye nomthamo iimpawu eziphambili ze gesi. Ngenxa yokuba ukucacisa isikhundla kunye uqina zonke athom okanye iimolekyuli Boltzmann kuthelekiswa nabo karhulumente amancinci igesi apho amasuntswana ezincinane zonke ndawonye. Zininzi iindlela zokwenza intshukumo atom. Nangona le Velocity umyinge intshukumo zonke atom malunga xi efanayo, iqondo lobushushu kwaye umthamo igesi nayo iya kuba zilingana.

Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho inala amancinane elingana gas. Boltzmann wagqiba ukuba entropy kwenkqubo kwilizwe elithile kuxhomekeke kwinani amancinane okulingana ilifa layo. Universe sesayensi kwakhona kuthiwa isethi amancinane.

Imfihlakalo ngexesha

Nangona ezifunyaniswe emininzi eyenziwe ngabantu kwimbali iimfihlakalo ezininzi ziya kuhlala engekasonjululwa ixesha elide. Umzekelo, umdla mkhulu umbuzo enzulu nabadala: kutheni ixesha lihamba nje kwicala elinye?

Boltzmann wachaza ukuba ekuthiwa-Utolo ixesha apho entropy, umlinganiselo akangowesiphithiphithi okanye amandla engenanto andinakuze reduced sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo enjalo, njengoko Universe. Konke oku kunzima kakhulu, omnye ubomi akwanelanga ukuqinisekisa ukuba konke oku ukuze baqonde indlela.

I yonke Boltzmann

Boltzmann ubuchopho - yiyo ingqiqo iphela. Ingunaphakade, yonke into kunokwenzeka. Boltzmann, yonke yezizathu ebesoloko ekho. Izazi Modern ukuphika kulo nguqulo. Yena wazalwa kwi Big Bang malunga ne-14 lezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. I-mandla sele efunde isithuba ixesha elide, wakwazi ukufumana phandle, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe endaweni sisiphithiphithi ekwakuphila ukubuyisela umyalelo.

ubuchopho Boltzmann and obizwa

Ngoku makhe sithethe uxhulumaniso phantsi ingqalelo into ezingenzeka kunye obizwa. Yintoni eyenza ubuchopho Boltzmann umdla kangaka? Njengenye mbono indalo kunye ubukho ingqondo jikelele bancedisa ukuhlola iinkalo ezininzi engaqhelekanga obufihlakeleyo theory ebonakalayo ngemvelaphi. Le akubuze umdla kunye nezintsonkothileyo kungaba knock Stolk. Akukho mfuneko ukuqonda imfundiso ngokoqobo. It nje ingachazwa eksperimenti butshijolo obizwa.

Obizwa - ngokwesiseko isifundo ubushushu kwaye yiyo. Heat - impahla zenkqunto liziphatha uhlobo ulwelo, ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Njengoko zonke izinto iphela ngandlel 'linxulumene iimpawu obushushu, uphando oluninzi sele yenziwe ngomxholo obizwa, ukuze baqonde ngcono imo amandla thermal.

lizama thermodynamic

Enye imigaqo esisiseko obizwa - ingcamango kuvuselele. Ukuba ulahle i ice cube kwi iglasi yamanzi, ukushiyana lobushushu kuvela ngcembe equalized, ubushushu baya kuqala zinyibilike amanzi ice yaye ekugqibeleni zonke ulwelo amaqondo obushushu ayafika efanayo.

Enye yezinto ezinomdla ingcamango yokuba lwesilinganiso thermodynamic kukuba inkqubo bangakwazi ukufumana imali ekunene, loo nto ithathwa amathuba kakhulu, ngoko ngokukhuselekileyo sicinge ukuba ayisoze yenzeke. Akukho mthetho komzimba eliya kuvumela ukuba amanzi iglasi, leyo waziphosa neentlanga zizixhamlele idayisi ngumdla kuphole, baphambukele ke kuzo ngumkhenkce.

Indida wobukho bomntu

Man - oku luluhlu olunzima kakhulu kwaye structured zenkqunto okhe zikho kwindalo. Kuyo yonke imithetho obizwa kukho abantu, nangona Boltzmann ubuchopho (inzululwazi fiction na okanye yinyani, akucaci kude kube ngoku) wenza wobukho bomntu - nto ngaphezu nto imangalisayo. Ukuvela abantu libonakala emangalisayo ngaphezu cube ice eqalisiweyo amanzi ngokukhawuleza njengoko obegalelwe etephini.

Lyudvig Boltsman ndandingaluqondi ubukho zingenakwenzeka kwindawo ngembono obizwa izinto njengabantu. Wacebisa ukuba abantu - nto iityhubhu nje ice enziwa izenzekele. Kodwa yonke engenasiphelo, akukho nto ayinakwenzeka kunye ayinakwenzeka.

yavela

Physics, 19 kunye kwinkulungwane yama-20 waqalisa iimbono ezininzi entsha eli xesha, kodwa elithi 'iingqondo Boltzmann "(engqondweni iphela) uye waba phambi kwabo bonke, wabeka phambili kwinkolelo yokuba izifundiswa ngokubanzi okuphilayo abunjwe ngokuzenzekelayo esithubeni. Konke oku kufuna isixa esikhulu ixesha.

Boltzmann ubuchopho - oko kubonisa ukuba indalo le yonke ubomi inkonzo mda. Imifanekiso ukuqikelela ikamva, kuya kusoloko ngokucacileyo kwandiswa.

I-Living Universe: Boltzmann inqondo

Kukho kwakhona kwinkolelo yokuba kukho inani mda uhlobo lwendawo. Zonke ezi yonke siyanda rhoqo ngesantya esiphezulu ngeyona ndlela. Imfundiso bakubiza kuhlala impikiswano, ekubeni ngenxa yokuntsonkotha yayo, oko trudnodokazuemoy. Living Universe ke hypothesis umntu yokuba abazi, ezo zenziwe ukuhla random-ntlobo isithuba kunye nexesha.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuhla stochastic kwizinga entropy (disorder) kwindalo iphela kuthiwa zivelise into enzima, ukuba anikwe ixesha elaneleyo. yemvelo 19 Lyudvig Boltsman wabonisa ukuba okwesihlandlo sokuqala, kukholeleka ukuba ingongoma mathematical ngayo.

Universe Endless

Yonke akupheli, apho uqwalaselo random ye amasuntswana angavela ngokuqhutywa ngumdla kwaye shwaka, zaguqula ingqondo phenyane esithubeni nokuchitha - yonke kunzima kangaka ukuyiqonda, ekubeni ngomda kumgangatho omnye iimbono kwamnandi zehlabathi.

Into abakhethwe iphela, ekrelekrele, ubungeke okuba ngenxa ukuhla ngaphezu imveliso ngendaleko. Le nto imangalisayo. Enyanisweni Boltzmann ingqondo anokufunyanwa ngaphantsi okuba kwe yimveliso ngendaleko, ukususela lexinene okuba ukuyilwa nasekusungulweni imveliso ingaphezulu yakhe.

Ngokutsho izazinzulu, ingqondo - yinto engekhoyo okudalwe impefumlelwano inani elikhulu lweziqalelo ezilula. Le Ubuchopho bomntu yeyona neuron ukuba umntu ngamnye malunga 86 billion.

Le khompyutha uyakwazi ukusebenzisa izibalo elula ukwakha iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo nobuchopho kwakha amanyathelo kunye neenkumbulo ngenxa intsebenziswano zemithambo-luvo. Kwaye elidala ngoko Boltzmann ingqondo ngakumbi ingcamango experiment eyenzelwe ukuba ukuthandabuza uqikelelo lwabantu isakhiwo iphela. Yaye amalinge ezininzi ezibandakanya Infinity kunye nobukhulu, ukuba zexeshana.

Ixesha elidlulileyo - yinto engekhoyo

Malunga ubuchopho Boltzmann bathi oko akubiza iinkumbulo kunye namava elidlulileyo nolulahlekisayo. Man ukholelwa ukuba amava izazinzulu inikela ubungqina obubonisa ukuba ihlabathi ivela Big Bang. Yonke idatha zovavanyo zonke Sciences ziya lamanga memory.

Zifanele ukuba zingathathwa ngokuba ithiyori iphila of argument Boltzmann kaThixo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inzululwazi unobungqina ngokwaneleyo ukuze aphikise eminye imibono kumnandi. Kodwa ke into yokuba le kokucingelwayo kwaye original umdla ayinakuphikiswa.

Icebiso lamaqhinga

Ungazama ukucinga umzuzwana ukuba indalo (Boltzmann iingqondo - yinto into, ngokuzenzekelayo kwasekwa kuyo) uya kungena lwesilinganiso thermal. Ngokomgaqo-siseko lwalusanda, intsalela lunamandla. Gas, umzekelo, isasazwa ngokufanayo kwi isithuba ekhoyo yona. Noko ke, ukuthabatheka random molecule fikisa it okwephanyazo karhulumente kancinane ngakumbi ngci kwindawo enye ngaphantsi kanzulu kwezinye.

iinguqulelo ezinkulu nayo kuyenzeka. nokuya phambili kakhulu kunokubangela i ucinezelo werhasi. Amathuba loo ucinezelo ngabom kuphantsi. volume igesi kuqhelekileyo abe 1024 iimolekyuli zokuqhubekela ngokuzimeleyo nganye enye. Amathuba ukuze sonke sibe ndaweni-nye, amazing kunye uyinto, kodwa ukusuka kwindawo ebonakalayo lwembono ayikho nzima kangaka.

Kodwa kuthekani ukuba yonke kwaba ongapheliyo, apho kuko ixesha okunzulu random? Emva koko, ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwindawo elifanelekileyo nje malunga nantoni na, nokuba abantu, izilwanyana, iimoto, okanye superintelligence jikelele. Wacinga yamachiza wodumo uyise Lyudvig Boltsman nokushisa, yonke into kunokwenzeka kwindalo engenasiphelo.