Yintoni lalikhathazwe? Lo mqondo kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye wasinda kuse kule mini?

Imbali Amazing elithi "lalikhathazwe" ingalandwa emva kweenkulungwane ezininzi. Kuye kudala zatyelelwa ngamazwe kunye iilwimi zeentlanga ezahlukeneyo kunye namazwe. Okuphoxayo kukuba, yaye eRashiya ingcamango "lalikhathazwe" wayeqhelene ebantwini kwaye zisetyenziswe ngenkuthalo. Njani eli lizwi, kwakuthetha kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, yaye ngaba iyasetyenziswa na ngoku - esiyifundayo kweli nqaku.

eRoma yamandulo

Xa elizibalula zezizwe impucuko baseRoma umanyaniswe imigca sobummandla kunye nobuhlanga. Ekuqaleni, kwakukho izizwe ezintathu - zeegusha Titsii kunye uLucy. Phantsi kwezi amagama yabunjwa amasebe amathathu abantu baseRoma: amaRoma kanye, i Sabines kunye Etruscans. esizweni ngasinye Wayenolwalamano yaso eyodwa, ebizwa ngokuba "lalikhathazwe". Yaba uhlobo womanyano, leyo ukuba abadala abangamadoda kuphela. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezi imibutho, enabizwa comitia curiata, emigidini kuqhutywa ngexesha apho amakhwenkwe baba ngamadoda kunye abavikeli uhlobo. INtloko lalikhathazwe Curio - ummeli okhethwe wesizwe, awayetyholwa kunye nemisebenzi zababingeleli. Indawo apho imisitho ezenziweyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba 'lalikhathazwe ".

Lo gama ugcinwe naxa amaRoma wanyula ookumkani babo, yaye kamva - kwixesha ngokuzalwa omkhulu waseRoma Republic. Comitia curiata angeniswe gaba zayo nje yaye asimbongozanga neemfuno zamalungu ayo. Ngemihla bukhosi lalikhathazwe akasukanga kwiBhunga City, apho ndafumana umsebenzi nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni.

Lalikhathazwe kumaXesha Aphakathi

In KumaXesha Aphakathi, abantu waboleka ezininzi impumelelo kwi edume amaRoma amandulo. Yawela kweli xesha kunye ingqiqo ka "lalikhathazwe". Eli gama lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela kubanini enkulu - izinduna enkosini yabo. lalikhathazwe wobukhosi ngcembe yaba ibhunga lasebukhosini (lalikhathazwe Regis). Imisebenzi amabhunga abanjalo ngqo nemiba lalikhathazwe basebukhosini amenywa rhoqo ukusombulula imiba ethile. Kunye nokomelezwa absolutism basebukhosini lalikhathazwe bazale ibe isangqa emxinwa wokumkani, kunye nemiba yomthetho kunye nemali kuhlala luxanduva lwamaziko karhulumente ngamnye.

lalikhathazwe lokhetho

I-European Umthetho lonyulo , igama elithi "lalikhathazwe" ngokuqhelekileyo ithetha udidi othile, ogama amalungu anelungelo lokuba inxaxheba kunyulo ukuba olawulo ezikolo lizwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amandla waba ezandleni amalungu curiae amathathu: begazi, abarhwebi kunye nabameli oohlohlesakhe. Russia kwakhona olwenziwe ukwahlulwa i lalikhathazwe. Ngokomzekelo, iintlanganiso zonyulo unyulo zemstvo olwenziwa curiae - abalimi, wabanumzana, raznochinskoy. Emva utshintsho zomthetho eyenzeka kuwo onke amazwe aseYurophu, i lalikhathazwe yonyulo yaphela.

lalikhathazwe ibandla

Xa ixesha le-Early Church ekusasazeni oobhishophu imfundiso bangamaKristu inxaxheba. Bona ukusombulula imicimbi eyahlukeneyo kwezoqoqosho uluntu zamaKristu kunye nabameli babo bedla wenza kwiimbambano zehlabathi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, impembelelo ukwanda kwebandla, uthotho amatsha ababekhonza naye. Ezi amaxwebhu labapostile, abefundisi kunye nabanye. Kamva, umsebenzi ngamnye uye waba kuphumelele, kwaye ukuvela arhente ezahlukeneyo ezifana Ofisi Pope, i-College of Iikhadinali kunye Apostolic seSigqeba kulindeleke kakhulu.

Emthembisa lalikhathazwe - kunxulumano yemisebenzi ezahlukeneyo abameli yamaKatolika iCawa kunye nokubanika amagunya athile. amaqela ezahlukeneyo lalikhathazwe kweqiwa egameni le-Pope ukuba baphendule imibuzo amakholwa iqwalasele izikhalazo ngamnye, izicelo nezibheno ngqo idilesi St .. Bona.

Ngoko, igama elithi "lalikhathazwe" waba yaye sele kulithuba amabini kwaye iwaka enesiqingatha. Lo ngumzekelo engaqhelekanga yingcamango eye yasinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, ukugcina phantse ixabiso efanayo esibe ekuqaleni ikho.