"Arizona" (wempi) - engcwabeni ngo-1177 ukuze oomatiloshe

It has amaphepha ezibuhlungu kwimbali yelizwe ngalinye. Balala bedidekile. Kodwa inye into efanayo: kufuneka ukhumbule ukuthintela ukwenzeka. In the US igama elinye iphepha onjalo - "Arizona" - a inqanawa, owasweleka ngo-1941 kwaye kwakhokelela ilizwe ukungena Second World War.

Njani ukuba kwaqala?

Zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini yaqala kunye nomzabalazo kakhulu ukuze redivision behlabathi. Ngokuba iinqanawa kwakuthetha maxesha. Amazwe bakhuphisana ekuphuculeni esemgangathweni iinqanawa zabo nokwandisa inani labo.

Umkhosi ephambili Navy Zempi babegqalwa. Ukususela Zempi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba yaba imodeli ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo isitya yokulwa. Zempi babegqalwa ezifanelekileyo ukulwa inxaxheba butho. Zazisetyenziswa ukuba imikhumbi utshaba inkxaso zokudubula ehamba elizweni. Ezi guns vehicles umatshini enzima bebexhotyiswa zizicatshulwa 280-460 mm. Eli qela liqulethe elinesihlanu lamakhulu abantu abe phezulu njengoko amawaka amathathu. Ngenxa ubude umndilili wenqanawa ukusuka neemitha ezilikhulu elinamashumi amahlanu ezingamakhulu amathathu ukubana zazisuka iitoni amabini ukuya asixhenxe amawaka.

Esona sizathu siphambili kakhulu ingqalelo iinqanawa ngumnqweno ithi ukufumana ubukhulu ngamandla emkhosini. Amazwe amaninzi zigxininise kwizithuthi edabini. Abanye bazoba ingqalelo mboni. Emva ngo-1922 eUnited States Britain wasayina Washington iSivumelwano phezu umyinge, loo ka-Japan, i-US neBritani. Eyokuqala iphumelele unelungelo lokuba ekhulwini ezimashumi mane kuphela nesinqanawa eNgilani nase-United States. I-Japanese wagqiba ukudlula iqela zabo mboni.

Kule banesifo, umdla mazwe mabini angabamelwane zijongene ngenxa kwizibonelelo oyile. Army and Navy kufuneka amafutha, ngoxa yaseJapan oovimba oyile wayengekho. Suppliers zegolide abantsundu ngelo xesha amazwe mpuma Asia, ezifana Indonesia. umnqweno yaseJapan ukumbamba izibonelelo oyile kwakhokelela komdlalo eUnited States.

I Sukwenza umyalelo US umngenise eHawaii (apho kulindeleke ukuhlasela Japanese) ukusuka California iinqanawa. zomkhosi Japanese njengempendulo Zempi America kwabenza kunye cruisers baqalisa nokuphucula imikhumbi yabo. Basithwesa iinqanawa weentonga-lihlaba iziqhushumbisi yaba abathwali moya.

Phakathi kwenye indawo ukusuka California, kwaye inqanawa yaba wempi "Arizona".

yokulwa iinketho

Kwi-Brooklyn zalapho ukwakha umkhombe "Arizona" yaphehlelelwa ngoMatshi 1914. Umkhumbi uye unit zomkhosi eliGorha Okwemfazwe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I.

Kubalulekile ukuze wokulwa amandla umkhumbi luphawu izixhobo zayo. American wempi "Arizona" phezu kwibhodi yalo yokugcina onomtsalane izixhobo ophezulu-ukuvuleka, imipu elinambini ukuvuleka 356 mm; . Guns engamashumi amabini anesibini ukuvuleka 5 "/ 51; imipu emine ukuvuleka 76/23; ubulisa imipu ezine 47 mm kunye ezimbini 1-pounders 37 mm; imipu ezimbini inomzimba ka-533 mm kwi enqanaweni zezi crew ezininzi - 1385 amagosa kunye namadoda.

Ubukhulu lwangaphandle ibangele intlonipho. Ekubeni ubude ikhulu elinamanci asibhozo amathathu anesibini ububanzi inqanawa yeetoni yafikelela iitoni 31.400. Isantya travel obukhulu - engamashumi amabini ananye unit.

Le nqanawa yaba inqaba kungenakugqithwa phezu kwamanzi, oko has a macala enamandla luluqilima. Kodwa Japanese akazange ababulale oko kulindeleke ngendlela yesiko. Izikhali kumgangatho ophezulu akazange abe namandla, nokuwanqika akuzange kube nzima.

Ilungiselela ukuhlasela Japan

Ngowe-1940, eHawaii kunye nezinye iinqanawa bafika "Arizona". Wempi wasivuna isiseko yombutho Pearl Harbor. AmaMelika babekholelwa ukuba imfazwe ezayo iya kuba inqanawa imfazwe. Kodwa Japanese akazange acinge njalo.

Ngo-1941, iqela ekhokelwa Admiral Yamamoto waphumelela ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso engaqhelekanga ukuze atshabalalise emoyeni inqanawa. Inqwelomoya kunye liqembu amadoda amathathu wayisusa evela othwala moya babathwalela ababekhwele kweso kuwa-ton enye. Airspeed yafikelela iikhilomitha ezingamakhulu amahlanu ngeyure nganye. ukuphakama babengekaze kwi elibala phezu Pacific Ocean sakhutshelwa eJapan.

Imizuzu yokugqibela wempi "Arizona"

Seventh ngoDisemba 1941 - isahluko buhlungu kabuhlungu kwimbali US. Ngentseni yangeCawa, xa kwizibuko Pearl Harbor wayelele ngoxolo, umyalelo waseJapan wenza kuhlaselwa kabini kwizibuko emkhosini. Eyokuqala yaqala ngo zisixhenxe, zisibhozo, kwaqhubeka imizuzu elishumi elinesibhozo. Le yesibini ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngentsimbi yethoba, kwaqhubeka imizuzu engamashumi amabini. Ngomzuzu weshumi uhlaselo lokuqala (ngeeyure ezisibhozo imizuzu ezintandathu) baphulukana wempi "Arizona".

Uhlaselo Pearl Harbor wenza mane inomzimba kunye ekuhlaseleni amathathu anamakhulu amahlanu amathathu. marine nganye-moya na umsebenzi wayo. Ekuhlaseleni amabombo ngokutshatyalaliswa zokuchopha, ekuhlaseleni inomzimba kuhlaselwa kumacala amabini wesiqithi nqaba. Ngentsimbi yesibhozo imizuzu ezine ibhombu yokuqala libetha inqanawa, uze abane. Ezabo yokuqala ukubetha Umphanda isikhali atsibe. A imizuzwana embalwa kamva i uqhushumbo umlilo uqale. Flames ifikelele kubude okwisithuba seemitha ezimakhulu mabini anamanci mane.

Ukufa ke wempi "Arizona" yenzekile kungekhona ngokubethwa inomzimba. Umonakalo inomzimba lahluleka semvelo, kwafunyanwa.

documentary ubungqina

Ekubeni imi kufutshane esibhedlele-inqanawa kweentende uGqirha Eric Haakenson iyaqhutywa mzuzu ngeempembelelo-moya kunye ukuqhushumba in foredeck. Kwakukho wempi powder unikezelo. Nezikhali uqhuma kwaye ibangele nokulatyuza ungadubula ezilandelayo. Lamagumbi for gumbi yabhabha emoyeni. Wempi wahlukana kubini waza wathi ngcu emazantsi. Zonke yenqanawa amadangatye eyathi yabhuqa iintsuku ezintathu. yalahleka nqanawa.

Isiphumo uhlaselo Pearl Harbor

Ngexesha kuhlasela wabulala abantu 1177. Phakathi kwabo, Admiral Ayzek Kit. Waye kusasa phezu inqanawa. Ifudusiwe ikhalele kuphela ukukhululwa Admiral kwe Naval Academy, nto leyo soldered ngokusisigxina "Arizona" isitya ebhodini. Wempi wakhokela Franklin Van iValkenburg, ngubani ekwabelwana bayahlelwa labasebenzi yakhe. Iyunithi waqhubeka ephila. kweminyaka emibini ndandiqhuba uhlalutyo kwitekisi. It ikwazile kundihlangula kulo ekuthinjweni umzimba intsimbi 233 ufile. Ngaphezu asithoba, anamanci oomatiloshe ziya ngonaphakade kuhlala phezu enqanaweni "Arizona". Wempi amanzi lisekhona.

Loo kuhlasela wabulala nje kuphela "Arizona". Inqanawa iye yaba yenye Zempi ezine US Navy zitshonile 7 Disemba 1941. Ababini kubo wakwazi kwakhona ngo-1944. nezinye Zempi ezine zafumana angafaniyo umonakalo wokwenzakala. Thina wabandezeleka ekuhlaseleni Japanese abonakalisi amathathu, omnye minelayer kunye cruisers ezintathu. moya US walahlekelwa malunga namakhulu amabini moya. Wafa ezimbini iwaka nesiqingatha abantu abonzakeleyo konfuzheny - omnye amawaka amabini anamanci asibhozo anesibini.

yokuhlaselwa Japanese nokutshatyalaliswa i US ziko lomkhosi kwisiqithi Pearl Harbor kwakhokelela ekubeni utshintsho izimvo US tipolitiki. Franklin Roosevelt yafuna ukuba zenze imfazwe kwi eJapan. NgoDisemba 7, 1941 - imini eUnited States wangena kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Kwaye isizathu sokuba oko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i wempi "Arizona" kwi emazantsi ngenxa iziqhushumbisi ze-moya Japanese.

imemori phakade

Iindawo yonqulo nechibi "Arizona 'kwaqala ngo-1950. Admiral Arthur Radford, ngoxa injengele US Pacific Fleet, laba sisiqalo isiko elitsha, ukunyusa iflegi yesizwe wokuwonga elaa enqanaweni elahlekileyo. Le nxalenye ye superstructure esi sikhephe wachithwa, ngasemacaleni yezikhala amanqaku eziphathekayo zedizayini amandla. Yasekelwa waseka ngumnquba encinane, nto leyo kwabonakala ukuba yanekwe Amanxiwa inqanawa. mkhosi ungambekiyo "Arizona" oomatiloshe apha kwaye enze.

lesikhumbuzo kwi ndawo apho yazika khona inqanawa "Arizona" yakhiwa ngo-1962. ISikhumbuzo ukwakweli iintsalela enqanaweni, leyo ngokucacileyo zibonakala kumphezulu elwandle. isakhiwo eziphathekayo angamchukumisi igobhogobho le inqanawa. Emnyango ukuya kwisakhiwo emyuziyam, kwanabandwendweleyo, besiza kubulisa iankile ephakanyiswe ababekhwele kweso "Arizona".

Xa iindwendwe eziphambili eholweni ingqalelo iifestile ezisixhenxe, engumqondiso umhla wokufa benqanawa yokulwa. Ngomhla iindonga museum ukuba kubhalwe amagama oomatiloshe kwabafileyo. Ukuze baye kufika apho, kufuneka onokuwoyisa ngayo umqobo amanzi, ilizwe akukho ndlela. Kuba lula abakhenkethi wakha Marina.

Ubungqina buhlungu obungunaphakade

Ukubaluleka baseMelika ukugcina kwimemori yanaphakade oomatiloshe abafileyo 1177 ingqinwa izibakala ezininzi:

• Fifth May 1989 igobhogobho le wempi yaqukwa kwi inani leendawo imbali yesizwe zombini.
• Ngexesha ukhona, sisikhumbuzo yayizinyaswe ngabantu abangaphezulu kwesigidi.

• Wonke ngumongameli American ngexesha iminyaka ehleli e White House kufuneka ubuncinane kanye ukuba batyelele le sayithi yimbali. Namhlanje, utyelelo wempi enkumbulo "Arizona" intloko lizwe lusisiganeko.
• Umlawuli Japan wathabatha inxaxheba umcimbi ngokubekwa nezidanga kuluhlu lwe oomatiloshe kwabafileyo.

Legend of kokufa wempi

imibuzo emininzi malunga ukufa wempi sekunjalo wafumana iimpendulo. Ngoko ke, ngeenxa zonke iziganeko ngoDisemba 7, 1941 kukho amavo.

Omnye wabo enxulumene noko onjalo intshabalalo ngokukhawuleza isitya yokulwa. Bethetha nefuthe kakhulu torpedoes kwi igobhogobho emkhombeni netheko ngeebhombu ezisixhenxe hit. Kodwa "Arizona" andizange ndothuke. Kuphela esinye sazo wabetha umbhobho ekhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni inqanawa. Ukuhlolwa ulwelo wabonisa yokungafani lwe inguqulo enjalo. Ukonakala uphawu le hit kunye dubulo ezilandelayo zifunyenweyo.

Le legend ophilayo

Ilivo Weza nowesibini kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokufa enqanaweni, emva ulwakhiwo yesikhumbuzo eziphathekayo kwindawo sezikhukhula yayo. Ngamaxesha athile phezu kwamanzi kwaqhenqetha ibala ezinamafutha. imisele zayo ofana iinyembezi emehlweni. umbala Purple-obomvu icebisa ukufana kunye negazi. Abakhenkethi ukuzama ukwenza ifoto wempi "Arizona" ngawo lo mzuzu. BaseMelika akholelwa ukuba ndlela umkhumbi lenza isijwili labasebenzi abafileyo. Enyanisweni, kulandela ukusuka oyile injini ngumhlwa igumbi injini le. Kodwa namabali kwaye idluliselwe kwizizukulwana ezizayo.