AmaGestapo - kukuba kule mbutho? Injongo amapolisa imfihlelo Wesithathu

Germany yamaNazi, njengayo nayiphi na ilizwe, kwafuneka iinkonzo zalo nobukrelekrele, benza lo wokuhlola, counterintelligence, tracking umgangatho ukuthembeka labemi, kuvele izinto mbuso. Kwiimbono ongumNazi ukongamela kwale misebenzi zaye zongezwa kunye nabanye, akuxakathanga nto, kude engaqhelekanga. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ufumane kuphela iinkokheli kunye namalungu kwamacala kunye nemibutho komhlaba, kodwa bajonge ukuba bazifihla amaYuda, Gypsies kunye amafanasini. Ukususela ngo-1933, lo ukhuseleko karhulumente lidale isakhiwo ezikhethekileyo - amaGestapo. Le yunithi yaye kufuneka uqeqesho olukhethekileyo, kunye neendlela ezithile.

Imvelaphi wenkonzo yophando kwezopolitiko

Kwavela igama inkonzo ngengozi. Long German Igama «Geheime Staatspolizei» ( «Police Secret State") yancitshiswa abasebenzi post ofisi kuncedo. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1933, emva nje emva kokufika Party Socialist National Workers 'amandla e-Prussia xa isindululo Germana Geringa Division 1A ukuba kwadalwa. Iinjongo ze-organ iqela ezazongamele umsebenzi ngokufihlakeleyo bamelene kwezopolitiko, nto leyo kweli lizwe ngelo xesha kwakukho abaninzi. Intloko yokuqala yaba R. Diss. Genrih Gimmler ngelo xesha ekhokelwa yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Internal Affairs yaseBavaria yaye akukho ngokunxulumene kwikamva amaGestapo. Oku akuzange kumthintele i Reichsfuhrer SS ngokuthe buzinze ezandleni zabo izidumbu uphando kwezopolitiko. indima Goering ngowe-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho lwamaNazi kwisithuba unyaka saba phezu-nokuzila ukudla, imibuzo yakhe ochaphazelekayo ngaphezulu waseJamani Air Force. Wanika izintso eBhodi Heydrich, intloko inkonzo SD. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, zonke iiyunithi saa iqale United yeJamani, esiza phantsi kolawulo oluyintloko of Berlin.

amanqaku ngembali

Ukususela ngo-1936, amapolisa aseJamani kunye nezinye iinkonzo onoxanduva ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi Reich, ihamba anikezele Genriha Gimmlera. iyantlukwano zoLwaphulo nopolitiko ukwenza isakhiwo eyodwa. Isebe yesibini, nelikhokelwa ngu Genrih Myuller, inxaxheba ekubhentsiseni iintshaba lawulo, ngoku phakathi apho yinxalenye emncinane ngokobuhlanga ngabemi, alalanayo, iintlobo anti-zentlalo, nkqu esiqhelekileyo kakhulu eyonqenayo ukuba imfundo ngokutsha abasebenzi. Esi sakhiwo igcineke de 1939, de, emva nje kokuba imfazwe, kwakungekho isigqibo malunga nokusekwa kwe RSHA (Reich Ukhuseleko Main Office). kwisahlulo sakhe yesine nje waba amaGestapo. Eli candelo kwakhokelela onke Mueller efanayo. Imbali lombutho ngo-1945. Intloko neenkonzo zobuntlola isiJamani befuna amajoni amazwe noloyiso, kodwa imbi. Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, wafa ngexesha aphume of Berlin yiSoviet Army.

Ukunganqondwa inkangeleko

Kwaye eSoviet angaphandle cinema imifanekiso lwamaNazi-amaGestapo eqhelekileyo. Baya ngesiqhelo kwi ngohlobo humanoids zezilwanyana-ezifana mabanxibe iiyunifom ezimnyama kunye enemikhono Eyisongile, a sadists ephuhlileyo, abaxhobileyo izixhobo sentuthumbo yotyando. Zijika omnye komnye, esebenzisa isihloko, esithathwe kwi-SS. Oku kuyinyaniso. Amagosa SS amaxesha (okhulisa) bathunyelwa ukuba ukusebenza amaGestapo. Photo Himmler and Mueller iyunifom ilokhwe kwakhona engqinela imbonakalo kubasebenzi eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ngokwenyani izinto zange kulungile. Ingxenye enkulu yabantu amaGestapo ingengomajoni, ukuba banxiba iimpahla zokunxiba, kwi izinxibo njengesiqhelo, kwaye bakhetha ukuba baziphathe ngendlela unobtrusively kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Inkonzo isekhona kuyimfihlo. Kuphela ngezihlandlo ezikhethekileyo amagosa SS enxibe uhlobo emnyama okanye ngaphambili (nto leyo edla), mouse-hina. AmaGestapo iiyunifomu ngenkqu akasinikanga.

Ngubani balwa kuzinze kwi wendawo?

Enye impazamo wayedla ngabaqondisi, okanye mandithi, abacebisi zabo, lusegameni le nkonzo inxaxheba ekulweni nemikhosi yokunganyangeki yesizwe. Kwaba lula ukuba ngokuhlangeneyo ngokulinganayo ukubabiza bonke "amaGestapo." Eli gama yaziwa ukuba abaphulaphuli abaninzi, njengoko kuchasene "feldzhandarmery", HFP, kwaye nkqu SD (Sicherheitsdienst), Kwandile esebenza ezinabantu USSR kunye namanye amazwe. Ekuthiwa-Transnistria kubanjwa okwethutyana eRomania, wenza sigurantsa (ngasendleleni, ngokungafaniyo lasebukhosini, impela). Yonke inkonzo German, enze isenzo nokohlwaya sisilwa intshukumo yabanqolobi, ndiliphulaphule Abwehr, i Wehrmacht kunye neenkokheli SS. Kubudlelwane eziphambili ulawulo RSHA ayenalo eBerlin.

Cinema, amaGestapo kunye SS

Ngokwembali, iifilim malunga amaGestapo azikho kakhulu zichanekile. Ngamanye amaxesha, counterintelligence ingakumbi abanezakhono eJamani ngokwenene wathunyelwa kwimimandla ukuxhathisa kakhulu esebenzayo. Kodwa njengokuba imimandla ndawo Reich zingafakwanga (ukuba nkqu kwaprintwa imali ezizodwa), usasazo Secret State Police ayenza kwimida eJamani njengoko ka-1939. abasebenzi isikhundla yale isakhiwo bahambelana inkqubo yamapolisa wamkelwe amaGestapo. SS waba yayo "itheyibhile sezikhundla", olwahlukileyo umkhosi.

iindlela zokusebenza

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba xa umntu avareji ixesha elide, kwaye betha nzima kakhulu, uyavuma. Omnye umbuzo ngulo, njani ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo nobuyinyaniso iya kukhutshwa kubo. Confession kufunxwa phantsi nxaniso ukuze kulunge self-incrimination, kwaye ukusuka kwindawo yokusebenza lwembono, akwenzi ngqiqo. Kowona msebenzi ebekwe phambi kokuba urhulumente amapolisa mfihlo Nokwethisa iinzame lezobuntlola iinkonzo ezizodwa eSoviet Union, Great Britain, i-USA kunye onke amanye amazwe ukuba elwayo ukuya kolawulo lobuFasi, eyasekwa eJamani ngowe-1933. Indlela kwakunokwenzeka ukuba abasebenzi ngenkonzo, kunzima kugweba iinkalo ezininzi yemfazwe ongabonakaliyo Kusekho imfihlelo karhulumente. Ukusebenzelana amava emsebenzini counterintelligence ngamazwe kubonisa, Noko ke, ukuba lungafumaneka kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo inkolelo kwi imfuneko yokusebenzisana ngokuzithandela iinkcukacha lokwenyaniso zexabiso. Oku kuzibonakalisa iindlela ngeendlela, yaye amaGestapo. Amafoto ungandithuthumbisi amagumbi, baxhotyiswa izixhobo ephambili ukucinezela intando kunye nokubonelela zonke iintlobo iziphumo abarhanelwa akhawunti (emzimbeni nasengqondweni) ukuba isabelo esikhulu waseLondon Trial, evunywe sisininzi amaziko alawulayo we Wesithathu ulwaphulo-mthetho (kubandakanywa, yaye amaGestapo).

Ingaba umbutho bakhonza amabhinqa?

inkonzo nganye ekhethekileyo kubasebenzi zalo. Ukuba uphakamile lo isiqinisekiso, ngcono yokulungiselela, kokukhona lisebenza ngokusulungekileyo eli msebenzi. Kodwa naliphi inani labasebenzi, enoba kakuhle babesazi isicelo bengqondo kunye neendlela yomsebenzi phantsi komhlaba, akwanelanga ukuba ukulawula imo nokunyaniseka labemi, ezibalelwa amashumi ezigidi zabantu. abasebenzi rhoqo banyanzelwa ukuba ukuqesha ulwazi abazimeleyo, leyo ubanike ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Inkoliso yabantu abangamadoda ku Germany balwa imiphambili. "Njengeempimpi" asisininzi abafazi, amaGestapo wasebenzisa ukwazi zendalo kunye nezimvo izwe, wabethelela Goebbels ubuxoki. Kakade ke, kukho kwakhona abasebenzi kunye nokugaya izenzo oyindoda abazimeleyo abasoloko kucingelwa ngokuzithandela. Kodwa njani kugweba amaxwebhu apapasha, abafazi amaGestapo phantse wayengekho phakathi kwabasebenzi abasisigxina.

ofisi njalo

Ngoko ke, ekugqibeleni kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba lo mfanekiso semfene wadala ngokusebenzisa zobugcisa post-imfazwe, zingahambelani ngokupheleleyo izinto zembali. counterintelligence German lwamaNazi abazange kuqhwithela kwiilali kuthinjwa, ukutsha abahlali babo, kwiinkampu zoxinaniso ukuba ungayigcini, esijongile phezu luqalile kwisixeko ndawo eKharkov to Paris. Enyanisweni, ngokutsho izitalato German namadoda ingathi yimimangaliso beneengubo angwevu okanye iisuti, qala ukuthandana, kugaywa ulwazi, maxa wambi kusetyenziswa oomatshini ezizodwa kunye nale ulwalathiso ukufumanisa indawo zidlulisele okuhlala anti-uHitler womanyano. Abekho iiyunifomu emangalisayo kunye esichazela kunye Skulls imimnqwazi tulyah, yaye, mhlawumbi, uninzi yayingenayo charisma ye umdlali Leonida Bronevogo, ogama italente abanegama eSoviet Union hero anecdotes Mueller yadalwa. AmaGestapo, njengayo nayiphi na i-arhente zobungqondi, yaba iingxelo lenzwinini kunye neememoranda umbutho ingenalo novelwano. Emva kokuwa uhlalutyo lwamaNazi Germany ngayo lokusinda nezalathiso ikhadi kunye neefayili kuthatha ixesha elide. Kwaba ixesha elichithwa kakuhle. La maxwebhu ke ubungqina ngemvelo kakubi yaye mthetho njengoko kubuNazi Hitler nazo zonke izakhiwo zayo karhulumente, kuquka amaGestapo.