Ezhov uNikolay: biography kanye photo

Njengoko sisazi kwimbali, uninzi abathunyelwe eFrance wabanumzana, intsapho yasebukhosini ukufa ngexesha lunkwantyo Enkulu ngenkulungwane ye-18, emva babulawa ngokwabo. Kwakukho nkqu ibinzana ukubamba, yabhengezwa nguMphathiswa wezobuLungisa Danton, wathi, ngaphambi kokuba, wamnqumla intloko: "Le revolution luzidla abantwana zalo."

Imbali wasiphinda ngokwayo kule minyaka ngesothuso Stalin, xa elinye linenxeba lalo usiba izolo, umxhomi usenokuba kwibhanka entolongweni enye okanye ukubulawa ngokudutyulwa ngaphandle kwetyala, kwakunye nabo ke lowo wayethumele ukufa kwabo.

Umzekelo ocacileyo yi Ezhov uNikolay - Commissar of Internal Affairs USSR. Ukuchaneka amaphepha ezininzi ngobomi bakhe sibuzwa yi mbali, kuba kukho amabala amnyama abaninzi.

abazali

Ngokutsho kwigosa, Ezhov uNikolay wazalwa ngo-1895 e-St Petersburg, kwintsapho ukusebenza.

Ngelo xesha linye kukholelwa ukuba uyise wakhe uIvan Commissar Yezhov, owazalwa. Volhonschino (iphondo Tula) bakhonza emkhosini e Lithuania. Apho wadibana intombazana yendawo awathi watshata kungekudala kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele kwilizwe lawo. Emva kwamabutho Yezhov intsapho yakowabo yafudukela kwiphondo Suvalki, kunye uIvan kufika amapolisa.

ebuntwaneni

Ngelo xesha wokuzalwa Koli ngabazali bakhe kusenokwenzeka wayehlala kwilali e Marijampole County (ngoku e Lithuania). 3 iminyaka kamva, uyise womntwana lowo wamiselwa umgcini okwilizwe Zemsky kummandla wedolophu. Le meko iye yakhokelela ekubeni intsapho yafudukela e Marijampole, apho isikolo samabanga kohl disaccustomed iminyaka emi-3.

Ecinga abazali bakhe abafundileyo ngokwaneleyo ngo-1906 wathumela kuye isalamane eSt Petersburg, apho bekufanele ukuba bafunde eyenzelwe urhwebo.

ulutsha

Nangona biography of Nikolaya Ezhova wabonisa ukuba kude 1911 wasebenza apho mveliso Putilov ukulungisa ngogesi. Noko ke, amaxwebhu agciniweyo musa ukuqinisekisa oku. Siyazi kuphela ukuba ngowe-1913, lo mfana wabuyela kubazali bakhe kwiphondo Suvalki, uze emva koko wandwendwela kufuna umsebenzi. Kulo mzekelo, kuba ixesha elithile khona, waze wahlala Tilsit (Germany).

Ngehlobo lowe-1915 Ezhov uNikolay ntliziyo waya emkhosini. Emva koqeqesho elihamba nomkhosi 76th wathunyelwa North-Western Front.

Kwiinyanga ezimbini kamva, emva kokuba kabi izifo zamaphaphu, waye wathunyelwa ngasemva, yaye ehlotyeni yokuqala 1916, UNikolai Yezhov, ukukhula ogama imitha 1 kuphela 51 cm, iye yamfumana engakufanelanga ukuba emkhosini. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, wathunyelwa kumasifundisane ngasemva e Vitebsk, apho waya abalindi kunye ilokhwe, kunye nonobhala kamsinya, njengoko joni onolwazi, wamiswa.

Ekwindla 1917, Ezhov uNikolay waba esibhedlele waza wabuyela kwiyunithi kude ekuqaleni kuka-1918, wagxothwa ngenxa yokugula iinyanga ezi-6. Wabuya waya kubazali bakhe, ngelo xesha wayephila kwiphondo yaseTver. Ngo-Agasti ka nyaka Yezhov waqalisa ukusebenza kwi mveliso iglasi, leyo Vyshny Volochyok.

Qala career party

Le khweshine igcwaliswe yi Yezhov ekuqaleni 1920, wathi yena wajoyina RSDLP ngoMeyi 1917. Kodwa emva komzuzwana waqala ukuba wenza ngoMatshi 1917. Ngelo xesha, njengoko amanye amalungu Vitebsk umbutho emzini RSDLP nezikhundla zayo Yezhov wathabatha Agasti-3 kuphela.

Ngo-Apreli 1919, Wakululamela ukuba bakhonze kwi-Red Army ize ithunyelwe kwisiseko radioformirovany e Saratov. Apho waba lokuqala zabucala, kwaye ke ngokomlomo umbhali. Ngo-Oktobha waloo nyaka Ezhov uNikolay wamiselwa base uMkomishinala apho iingcali zikanomathotholo uqeqesho, kwaye entlakohlaza 1921 wamiselwa umkomishinala koseko; waza wonyulwa nosekela intloko yesebe agitpropagandistskim Tatar yoMmandla Committee RCP.

Kwi Party abasebenza kwikomkhulu

NgoJulayi 1921, Ezhov uNikolay umtshato ebhalisiweyo kunye titov. Kungekudala emva kokuba betshatile, umtshakazi waya eMoscow igxalaba apho kunye nomyeni wakhe.

Kwikomkhulu, Yezhov waqalisa ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kule nkonzo. Ngokukodwa, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva koko wathunyelwa Committee Party Regional Mari njengoko umabhalane omkhulu.

Ngaphezu koko, uye wabamba ezi zikhundla zilandelayo iqela:

• unobhala elawulayo kweKomiti yePhondo Semipalatinsk;
• intloko yesebe lombutho wekomiti yengingqi ye-Kirghiz;
• iSekela elawulayo yikomiti yengingqi Kazakskogo;
• orgraspredotdela umfundisi CC.

Ngokoluvo yabalawuli, Ezhov uNikolay Ivanovich yaba njengophume ogqibeleleyo, kodwa ethile ebalulekileyo - zange ayeke, nokuba kwiimeko apho kungenziwa nto.

Ekubeni wasebenza kwiKomiti Central de-1929, wachitha iinyanga ezili-12 bakhonza njengoSekela Abantu Commissar of Agriculture waseUSSR, waza wabuyela orgraspredotdel entlokweni.

"Likhupheni"

Orgraspredotdelom UNikolai Yezhov owayephethe de 1934. Emva koko wajika waya Central Committee CPSU, leyo kuthwalelwa phandle "ukucocwa" yombutho, yaye ukususela ngoFebruwari 1935 wonyulwa sihlalo CPC Committee Central kunye nonobhala.

Ukususela 1934 ukuya 1935 Yezhov egameni kukaStalin ekhokelwa sokugunyaziswa kweli yesicelo kunye kwimeko uphando lokubulala laseKirov kaThixo. Yaba nguye lowo inxulumene nabo imisebenzi Zinoviev, noTrotsky kunye Kamenev, eneneni iyelenqe kunye Agranov nxamnye boss yokugqibela NKVD Yagoda.

ukuqeshwa entsha

NgoSeptemba 1936, Stalin kunye Zhdanov, lowo ngelo xesha ekhefini, wathunyelwa ikomkhulu zocingo cipher abhekiswe Molotov, Kaganovich kunye namanye amalungu Politburo. Kuyo afuna ukuqesha Yezhov kwisikhundla sokuba Abantu Commissar of Internal Affairs, zimshiya njengoko lisekela Agranova.

Kakade ke, lo umyalelo kuthwalelwa phandle ngoko nangoko, kwaye ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha 1936 uNikolay Ezhov wasayina umyalelo wokuqala ukuba isebe lakhe ukuba bajoyine i sithuba.

Ezhov uNikolay - Abantu Commissar of Internal Affairs

Njengoko G. Berry, wathobela arhente zikarhulumente yokhuseleko kunye namapolisa, kwakunye neenkonzo encedisayo ezifana nokhuseleko emlilweni kunye nolawulo iindlela.

Xa isikhundla sakhe esitsha uNikolay Ezhov walungelelanisa ingcinezelo nxamnye abantu orhanelwa zaseMelika okanye anti-eSoviet imisebenzi, "uthe" kwi Party, u khomiwile ubunzima, ukuba ngowe yemigca kwezentlalo, wesizwe neyeziko.

Ngokukodwa, emva kokuba Matshi 1937 plenum weKomiti Central wamyalela ukuba benze izinto ukuze kwi NKVD, babanjwa ngo-2273 umqeshwa-arhente. Ukongeza, ukuba inyama eyalelwe Yezhov NKVD, imizimba emhlabeni, ebonisa inani labemi ukungathembeki abo kuxhomekeke ukumbamba, ukufa, ekuthinjweni, okanye kwiinkampu zentolongo kunye nabasebenzi.

Ngezi 'uqulukubhode "Yezhov wawongwa Order of Lenin. Kukho kwakhona inani impumelelo yakhe kunganxulunyaniswa ekutshatyalalisweni abalweli yabalindi endala ababesaziwa iibhayografi amabi amagosa amaninzi top.

April 8, 1938 Yezhov wamiselwa part-time Abantu Commissar of Transport Water, yaye emva kweenyanga eziliqela kamva isekela lokuqala NKVD kunye Chief of State Security wathabatha Lavrentiy Beriya.

ihlazo

NgoNovemba 1938, i-Politburo lwe CP kuxoxwa yokuqalekisa Nikolaya Ezhova, lowo zisayinwe yintloko Ivanovo NKVD. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva Commissar izicelo zongcethezelo ibhatyi yakhe, nto leyo ingqalelo uxanduva yayo imisebenzi ngabom of "iintshaba", yena singaqondanga wangena ofisi yomtshutshisi kunye NKVD.

Ebona kokubanjwa kungekudala, kwileta kwinkokeli kwezizwe yena wacela ukuba angamchukumisi 'iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ubudala mfazi-nonina' wakhe waqukumbela ileta yakhe echaza ukuba 'ekubulaweni kwezihlwele iintshaba enkulu. "

NgoDisemba 1938, "Iindaba" yaye "PRAVDA" bapapasha umyalezo Yezhov, ngokutsho isicelo sakhe, agxothwa NKVD imisebenzi entloko, kodwa kugcinwa isithuba of Abantu Commissar of Transport Water. Yena elandelwa Lavrenty Beria, lowo waqala umsebenzi wakhe kwisikhundla sakhe esitsha kunye laba sisiphumo sokubanjwa kwabantu kufuphi Yezhov ukuya NKVD, iinkundla kunye ofisi yomtshutshisi.

Ngomhla engama-15 V. I. Lenina ukufa, Yezhov wayekho yokugqibela kumnyadala obalulekileyo ngokubaluleka zesizwe - intlanganiso mikhosi malinikelwe kulo engama lusizi. Kodwa ke walandela umcimbi, nto leyo ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba phezu kwayo ngaphezulu kwe ngaphambi kokuba, amafu ukuhlanganiswa umsindo yinkokeli kwezizwe - akazange anyulwe komthunywa XVIII Congress of Communist yamaBolshevik Party.

ukumbamba

Ngo-Apreli 1939, Ezhov uNikolay Ivanovich, biography egama ibali i andize career umntu analo ukuya kuthi ga ngoku, waphumelela nje kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, wasiwa eluvalelweni. Ukubanjwa kwenzeka ngo-ofisi Malenkov kaThixo, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba Beria, lowo wamiselwa ukuba kukhokela uphando ityala lakhe. Ukusuka apho waye wathunyelwa entolongweni Sukhanovskaya NKVD okhethekileyo.

Emva kweeveki 2, Yezhov wabhala inqaku, leyo wavuma ukuba ulifanasini. Kamva isetyenziswe njengendawo njengobungqina bokuba wenza gqith izenzo zesondo ngeenjongo zokuzingca yaye anti-Soviet.

Kodwa kakhulu, oko kwabalelwa kuye ityala, uceba umbuso noqeqesho abagrogrisi, nto leyo yayiza kusetyenziselwa ukuphumeza ukuhlaselwa kumalungu iqela kunye norhulumente ngoNovemba 7 kwi-Red Square, ngexesha umboniso yabantu abasebenzayo.

Zigwebo kunye Izigwebo

UNikolai Yezhov, ifoto apho linikwa kwi nqaku, wakhanyela zonke iintlawulo wabiza impazamo kuphela yakhe ukungabikho inkuthalo "zokucoca" amalungu zokhuseleko karhulumente.

Kwintetho yakhe yokugqibela kwetyala, Yezhov wathi ebethwe ngexesha bekusenziwa uphando, nangona engama-25 ubudala balwa ngokunyanisekileyo bayonakalisa iintshaba zabantu. Ukongeza, wathi xa ndifuna ukwenza abagrogrisi nxamnye omnye amalungu karhulumente, akazange abe ukufumana nabani na, akwazi ukusebenzisa nje indlela efanelekileyo.

Februwari 3, 1940, owayesakuba Abantu Commissar wagwetywa ukufa. Ukubulala indawo ngemini elandelayo. Ngokutsho ubungqina abo bahamba naye mathuba yokugqibela phambi kokubulawa, wacula "I Internationale". Ukufa Nikolaya Ezhova nje ngephanyazo. Kukutshabalalisa nkqu memory kowayesakuba amaqabane, inkokheli iqembu isigqibo ukutshiswa yomzimba wakhe.

kwezidumbu

Malunga ukuqotywa Yezhov kunye nokubulawa wakhe ingxelo. Inye kuphela ukuba ngummi eqhelekileyo waphawula Kwilizwe qumrhu, ukuba ukubuya igama owayesakuba isixeko Cherkessk, kwakunye yokuduka elalisakuba Abantu Commissar of imifanekiso kunye photos qela.

Ngowe-1998, UNikolai Yezhov wafunyaniswa ukuba kwimo yi Military Collegium yeNkundla Ephakamileyo. Izizathu Wacaphula zibakala zilandelayo:

• Yezhov waququzelela uthotho nokubulawa kwabantu abaye tsakisiki kuye buqu;
• Wasithabatha ubomi umfazi wakhe, ngenxa yokuba eyonile ungabonakalisa imisebenzi yakhe mthethweni, wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuba ayinike Kulityala ukuba isenzo ukuzibulala;
• ngenxa nemisebenzi eyenziwe ngokungqinelana nemiyalelo Nikolaya Ezhova, wabanjwa abemi ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi.

Ezhov uNikolay Ivanovich: uthando ubomi

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, umfazi wokuqala wadutyulwa Commissar Antonina Titova (1897-1988). Esi sibini umtshato ngo-1930, yaye akukho bantwana.

Ekunye wakhe wesibini - Eugene (Shulamith) Solomonovna - Yezhov wadibana xa kodwa etshate ngonozakuzaku nentatheli Alekseem Gladunom. Lo mfazi kungekudala baqhawula umtshato waza waba ngumfazi igosa iqela ixesha elide.

Ayikwazanga kuvelisa isibini ekukhanyeni abantwana babo, kodwa bona baye wayeyinkedama. Igama lale ntombazana UNatalie, kwaye emva kokuba ngokuzibulala umama foster, leyo senzeke phambi kokubanjwa kwakhe aze abulawe Yezhov, waphela kwikhaya leenkedama.

Ngoku uyazi ngubani UNikolai Yezhov, womfundisi kakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo abasebenzi ezininzi izixhobo karhulumente ngaloo minyaka zabo, Dorval wangumlawuli kwiminyaka yokuqala USSR kunye nobomi engekagqitywa kunye amaxhoba awo.