Aluminium hayidroksayidi

Imbonakalo aluminium hayidroksayidi ezilandelayo izinto. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko into emhlophe, iintlobo gelatinous, nangona kukho umahluko kukho crystalline okanye isimo amorphous. Umzekelo, ekwimo ezomisiweyo, oko crystallizes e ziikristale ezimhlophe leyo ezingenakunyibilika e asidi odiyo okanye alkalis.

Aluminium hayidroksayidi inganikezelwa kwaye crystalline ngumgubo omhle umbala omhlophe. phambi kuvumelekile ezibomvana ezikhanyayo ya hina.

Khemikhali formula umchiza - Al (OH) 3. Umchiza of alumina kunye namanzi kwenza hayidroksayidi ye-aluminiyam, iipropati yemichiza ezo kwakhona kumiselwa kakhulu zizinto kumafa yayo. Le compound ilungisiwe ngokuhlanganisa i ityuwa aluminiyam kunye yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano kwealkali yentsebenziswano, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthintela ngokugqithiseleyo zabo. Efunyenwe ngexesha indlela aluminiyam hayidroksayidi kwenze ezinokukwazi awasabela ngayo kunye iasidi.

Aluminium hayidroksayidi ke awasabela ngayo kunye isisombululo zolwelo of rubidium hayidroksayidi, i intsila loo nto, atom hayidroksayidi, atom carbonate. Kuzo zonke iimeko, uyakhululwa amanzi.

Aluminium hayidroksayidi has a ubunzima molekyuli elingana 78,00, phantse ezingenakunyibilika emanzini. into konga 3,97 g / cm3. Ukuba amphoteric, aluminiyam hayidroksayidi ke awasabela ngayo kunye iasidi, apho, xa eliphakathi afunyenwe ngayo ezifanayo kunye namanzi ityuwa kukhululwa. Phezu ukungena indlela kunye alkalis kuvela iityuwa complex - gidroksoalyuminaty, umz, K [Al (OH) 4 (H2O) 2]. Metaaluminate lamiswa xa aluminiyam hayidroksayidi ihlanganiswa alkalies anhydrous.

Njengazo zonke izinto amphoteric, iimpawu emuncu kunye olusisiseko zombini hayidroksayidi aluminiyam ibonisa ukusabela kunye asidi eyomeleleyo kunye alkalis. Kwezi abasabela xa unyityilikiswa asidi lusicande hayidroksayidi le ion ze-hayidroksayidi, kunye nobudlelwane kunye kwealkali - lwanamathela hydrogen ion. Ukuze ubone oku, ukuba kunokwenzeka, umzekelo, ukuqhuba indlela, obuquka aluminiyam hayidroksayidi, sodium hayidroksayidi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba aqhube fill ityhubhu bit aluminiyamu kwimbuphu yesarha kwaye ndinithululele imali encinci sodium hayidroksayidi umkhulu ngeemililitha 3. Ityhubhu kufuneka ivalwe ngokuqinileyo stoppered, kwaye ukuqala zokufudumeza kade. Emva koko, ityhubhu enemilenze ithengise, kuyimfuneko ukuba baqokelele hydrogen anikezelwe komnye ityhubhu, ebeka isixhobo pre-capillary. Emva omnye ngomzuzu igutyana kufuneka zisuswe capillary sizise edangatyeni. Ukuba in vitro ibandla hydrogen ecocekileyo - ukuvutha kuya kuqhubeka cwaka, kwimeko efanayo, ukuba umoya - kuqhwaba.

Aluminium hayidroksayidi zilungiswe elabhoratri ngeendlela ezininzi:

- ngokuhlanganisa neetyuwa aluminiyam kunye nezisombululo obrak;

- yokubola indlela ze-aluminiyam ephuculweyo phantsi kwempembelelo wamanzi;

- carbon ngokugqithisa ngokusebenzisa hydro ezizodwa eziqulathe Al (OH) 4;

- iimpembelelo ammonia kwi alumina ukuphilisa ityuwa.

Ukuveliswa kwimizi kungenxa nokusingatha webauxite. Kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe impembelelo izisombululo aluminate carbonates.

Aluminium hayidroksayidi sifakwa ekwenziweni izichumisi, cryolite, izinto ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye amayeza. Xa izinto lemveliso yemichiza esetyenziselwa yokulungiselela aluminiyamu fluoride nesulfure. ezimbaxa sele ekwenziweni iphepha, iplastiki, iipeyinti kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Ukusetyenziswa lonyango ngenxa impembelelo ezintle ngamalungiselelo eziqulathe isiqalelo esebenzayo kwi unyango ukuphazamiseka esiswini, izifo Peptic umzimba hyperacidity.

Xa uphethe iziyobisi, kufuneka uliqaphele inhalation of umphunga, njengoko umonakalo kakhulu lung. Ekubeni slabodeystvuyuschim isisu, oko kuyingozi ngeedosi ezinkulu. Xa aluminosis ebangela umhlwa.

Le into kukodwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngokwaneleyo, kuba akukho usabela kunye iioksidenti.