Labantu eTokyo. Ubuninzi babantu eTokyo

Iminyaka engamashumi amane eyadlulayo kwiplanethi yethu, kwakukho lwenqila ezintathu kuphela - Tokyo, New York City Mexico. Kwaba megacities inkulu ehlabathini. Njengoko ka-2010, le meko itshintshe kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba inani labo lanyuka ukuya 21 Ngaphezu koko, njengoko uqikelelo zobunzululwazi, inani lemizi kwiminyaka elishumi on Earth iza kuba 29, yaye uninzi lwabo nakolu buzinze kumazwe asaphuhlayo. Ukususela namhlanje, wonke umntu lwamashumi kwi planethi ungumhlali ezi zixeko. Ingakumbi ibalasele phakathi kwezinye emzini Tokyo, abemi apho, kuthathelwa ingqalelo namadlelo osebenzayo elidityaniswe ungaphezulu uphawu kwesigidi sabantu 36.

Tokyo intliziyo

Kucacile ukuba uphendule umbuzo malunga nenani kwabemi kunye indawo eyinkunzi angase hayi onke Japanese. Kule meko kuyimfuneko ukumisela imida. Inyaniso ukuba asebenze umgca zolawulo eyahlula eTokyo ukusuka kufutshane kunye namadlelo naso okanye ngaphandle kwesixeko. Ngokwawo, ukuba sakhona nophuculo Japanese ayikho enkulu kakhulu. Ubude bayo 90, yaye ububanzi - 25 km. indawo komhlaba, apho ahlala, ilingana ezikwere zeekhilomitha 2168. Xa sithatha kuphela ekuthiwa intliziyo eTokyo, abemi bayo nje abangaphezu kwezigidi 13 zabantu.

sakhona

Elulawulweni, ukuba ikomkhulu Japan yahlulwe kwindawo eyahlukileyo 23. Ngaphandle kwezi, xa sakhona lweedolophu 26, iilali-8 kunye needolophu-5. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke kummandla tama ekuthiwa, ukuya entshonalanga ukusuka eTokyo. Japan kule ndawo na weentaba, ogqunywe indawo amahlathi ashinyeneyo ukuba akaphilanga ukuhlalwa. Ezinxulumene oku kukuba uhlala apha akukho bantu baninzi kangaka. Ngenxa abantu amancinane urhulumente wengingqi lizwe kwagqitywa ukuseka iipaki ezine zesizwe apha. Ngu sakhona ombhaxa kwakhona iquka neentsontelo ezimbini kwiziqithi ezincinane-ertyisi mlilo elisingise kungena Pacific Ocean kwiikhilomitha amawaka ngasemzantsi.

iimpawu

Urhulumente metropolitan, ekuthiwa umasipala Tokyo ilawula sakhona. Ukongezelela, nganye kwezi nkalo 23 ezidolophini, nto leyo nathi ngazo ekuqaleni, umasipala yayo kunye nosodolophu onyuliweyo. A into ephambili ukuba uye waba eqhelekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukuba abantu eTokyo - inani ngokwandileyo esuka kwiindawo usembindini mzi prefectures ezikufutshane. Isizathu soku kuphela mnye - ixabiso nje iye yawa yaqengqeleka. Ngelo xesha abasebenzi ngokukhawuleza yaye zifikeleleke kamnandi xa imithambo zendlela-high speed kwi-ofisi yakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuba indawo yayo e Tokyo (Japan yenye izithuba eziphambili ehlabathini ngokwemigaqo yophuhliso kwezithuthi kunye nesantya koololiwe). Xa sithatha umzekelo central yesithili ezintathu - Minato, chuo kunye Chiyoda, ngoko ebusuku akukho abantu abangaphezu kwama-300 amawaka, ngoxa ngexesha lasemini, eli nani ukunyuka ukuya izihlandlo ezintandathu okanye ezisixhenxe. Ngokubanzi, ngenxa yokufuduka eninzi ngemihla, abemi kwikomkhulu Japanese, kuxhomekeke ixesha losuku, ukuze nande okanye ukuhla ngabantu 3 million. Kulo mba, impendulo yombuzo abantu abaninzi kangakanani eTokyo ngexesha elinye okanye elinye, asinto ilula kakhulu.

agglomeration

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, ukuba ukujonga umgca ukusuka kwikomkhulu Japanese ukusuka angabamelwane prefectures kakhulu kunzima. impendulo ecacileyo azithethi ukunika imifanekiso yesathelayithi. Inyaniso yeyoba, e-single unit tho kwiindawo zoshishino, elele yokuhlala, izakhiwo zothutho, njalo-njalo. Uptown sahlasela ezimelene Tokyo Prefecture - Yamanashi, Ibaraki, Chiba, Tochigi, Gunma, Saitama kunye Kanagawa. Ngenxa yoko, kwasekwa conurbation inkulu ehlabathini elinabemi kwesigidi sabantu 36. Loo umlinganiselo akakwazi ndoqhayisa akukho ezinye megacities ehlabathini.

neminye imiqondiso

Ikomkhulu Japanese ihamba phambili ehlabathini, hayi nje kuphela kweli inani zabemi. Ukuba sicinga nje umzi ngokwalo (23 izithili), kukwayinto entle gustozaselonnym ezininzi on Earth. Ukuxinana yabemi eTokyo ngabantu bungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingamawaka amathandathu square kilometre. Nale kunye enxulumene ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu izindlu zengingqi. Efundileyo kothiwa yokuba ixabiso lomhlaba, njengoko umgaqo, efana imali eza kwanela ukujongana umaleko zalo ngegolide. Xa kuthelekiswa namanye onke prefectures zikaRhulumente amazwe ogama lezolimo babelwa inxalenye zincinane kwintsimi - iihektare 8460 kuphela. Isicelo kubahlali ingqukuva ngayo iintyatyambo, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno ukuba bakhule, la mazwe bayakwazi ukuhlangana inxenye kuphela. Kwelinye icala, xa izikhombisi ezifana GDP, capital sakhona wesibini amazwe amathathu kuphela - iJamani, i-US kunye Japan ngokwayo xa iyonke.

ezinzima

Yintoni enye uphawu ngenxa kwisixeko Tokyo yi - a abemi sakhona na ezinzima kakhulu. Kwimbali abahlali basekuhlaleni ebesoloko bangamaxhoba eentlekele zendalo (mlilo kunye neenyikima). Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1923 kwabakho uqhwithela enamandla komhlaba, nto leyo neziphumo zokusweleka kwabantu 140 000. Esi sixeko yatshatyalaliswa. Kakhulu buhlungu kakhulu yayintlakohlaza 1945, xa injongo ephambili moya US ngexesha iziqhushumbisi kwathini eTokyo. abemi abaninzi beso sixeko ngoko enqaba 250 amawaka abantu, njengoko inani elikhulu naweebhombu sigade wona kwiindawo zokuhlala kwesihloko Japanese.

izibakala umdla, izifundo kunye noqikelelo

Ngokutsho izazinzulu ezininzi kunye nabaphandi, inani yayo incopho iya kufika eTokyo ngo-2020. Kulindeleke ukuba xa isixeko ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga nama-13.35 million. Kuphela emva koko inani labahlali bengingqi baya kuqalisa ukunciphisa kancinci.

Okunye okunika umdla kukuba, ukuba, kweli xesha lethu, sakufumana ukuba abantu abadala apha kuma-21%, ngoko kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu, oko kuya kusuka kwi-24% kwaye iya kufikelela 28.9% kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini. Le yokuchaza le ilula. Into yokuba ukuchuma ephantsi kakhulu ngokubanzi ekuso lonke elo lizwe. Kulo mba, urhulumente sele uthathe inyathelo ngoku ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabantu abadala, kuquka ngokubanceda bafumane umsebenzi.

Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kwiminyaka elishumi ukuya ukufikelela ixabiso elikhulu kunye nenani iintsapho kwikomkhulu Japanese - malunga 6,63 miliyoni.

Ngowe-1920 ukuba kubanjwe kubalo yokuqala yesizwe yabemi eTokyo. abemi abaninzi beso sixeko xesha 3.7 million. iminyaka emashumi mane kuphela kamva, iye luphakame lwaba luphawu abemi million 10. Oku kwabangela ukuba xi ngokugqithiseleyo yabemi kunye ukonakala iimeko zabo zokuphila (ukukhula kwamaxabiso endlwini, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, njalo njalo). Ngenxa yoko, ukususela ngowe-1980 nowe-1995, kwakukho ukuhla yezibalo.

Ukususela ku-2000 ukuya ku-2010. Tokyo iye uphawu abathontelana abafakwa kwezinye prefectures. Oku kwakhokelela ekwandeni koluntu ngeli xesha yi-9%.

Ngenxa yobungakanani bomthamo eliqingqiweyo bomhlaba owawufumaneka urhulumente Njengekomkhulu sakhona Japanese eli ukusebenza ekudalweni Tokyo Gulf iziqithi ngumntu.