Aristotle zezenzululwazi kunye sobulumko

Aristotle, zezenzululwazi kunye enkulu Greek sobulumko, eyaziwa ngokuba izinto ezininzi: igama lakhe ngomlomo wonke umntu. impilo yakhe izele umdla yaye, njengoko umsebenzi izise i igalelo elikhulu kakhulu kwinzululwazi.

Friend kunye nomcebisi

I-sobulumko yamaGrike amandulo ezinkulu uAristotle, eziphilayo kunye bulumko washiya umzila enkulu, wazalwa ngo-384 BC. e. kwidolophu Thracian ka Stagira. Ngo-368 BC. e., xa Ndandisemncinci kakhulu, waya eAthene, apho waba umfundi ekhokelwa Plato Academy. E uPlato noAristotle, isazinzulu bafumana umcebisi onamava kunye nomhlobo ubudala, lowo Wazithanda kunye nempembelelo yayo waba bonke ubomi bakhe. kakhulu zidluliselwa de afe kaPlato ngo-348 okanye 347 BC. e.

Mthethweni, kodwa yinto eqhelekileyo kukuba ingcamango ukuba ebudeni bobukho bakhe kwi-Academy Aristotle omnye umdlali nesele uPlato, umngeni ukuphakama iingcamango zakhe. Enyanisweni, uAristotle yaba Academy iminyaka engamashumi amabini, kwaye akubonakali oku kuya kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba iimbono zakhe ezahlukileyo kakhulu izimvo zikaPlato okanye ngokuchasene kwikhosi jikelele iingcamango zakhe.

emva Academy

Emva kokufa ngutitshala, uAristotle washiya Academy e Athens, ukuze kusekwe isebe yayo kwisixeko eAso eAsia Minor eTrowa. Apha ke kusekwa ulwalamano wahlobana enguzwilakhe lasekuhlaleni Shepherd, leyo kweminyaka emibini kamva wamangalelwa yokungamthobeli yamaPersi abulawe. Kulo mba, uAristotle kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafudukele kwisiqithi saseLesbos, emzini chloride. Yaba ngeli xesha eAso kunye chloride, aqalile ukuthatha imilo kwaye eyenziwe iingcamango yakhe bulumko.

Aristotle Aleksandr Veliky

Malunga 343 neminyaka BC. e. UKumkani uPhilip kwelaseMakedoni, uAristotle inika isikhundla kukatitshala yonyana wakhe yindlalifa Alexander. Le mfundiso olumkileyo Aristotle waba nempembelelo tsotsololo ukuyilwa umphathi omkhulu kwixesha elizayo. Ngenxa Alexander ibe ngumqondiso nombulelo nentlonelo enzulu yakhiwe kutshatyalaliswa ngexesha amaphulo bedolophu uFilipu ngayo nomcebisi wakhe Stagira.

kwisikolo sabucala

Emva ukulawula ka-Alexander ukuya itrone Macedonian ngowama-336 BC. e. Aristotle washiya isigxina kukatitshala, wemka eAthene, apho wafika wavula isikolo yakhe - Lyceum (imi ecaleni engcweleni Apollona Likeyskogo, ubuso), eyaziwa ngokuba Περίπατος ( «neveranda», apho izifundo). babemphulaphule zayo babebizwa Peripatetics. Lyceum Aristotle yaba uluntu uphando ngokwenene. Apha waba ilayibrari yaso, kunye nabasebenzi ootitshala, izifundo ngokubanzi.

Kulo nyaka 323 BC. e. Aleksandr Makedonsky wafa. Inani labemi aseAtene, efuna ukubaleka baphume ubunganga Macedonian, wamelana uAristotle. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahambe kwaye azinze kwisixeko Halkida e Evia, apho wafela emva konyaka.

zokudala

Inzululwazi yonke Aristotle yahlula-hlulwe ezintathu:

1. xesha "Academic", ixesha yencoko ne uPlato. Emva koko sadalwa incoko "Evdem" Aristotle zezenzululwazi uyavumelana nengcamango yokuba ulwazi zikaPlato njengoko asikhumbuli Izimvo, njengoko kuchaziwe kwi ekuzalweni, kwaye "Protreptics" - ileta eya Femissu eSipro apho umbhali nomxhasi ithiyori uPlato zeemo, uthi taare umphefumlo luqala emva kokufa komzimba. Kwakhona ngeli xesha, mhlawumbi, umsebenzi sele kuqalile kwi "physics" yaye "Kwi umphefumlo", kwakunye abanye umsebenzi logic.
2. Xesha ebomini eAso kunye chloride. Oku kufuneka kubandakanye incoko "Kwi Philosophy", apho Aristotle, eziphilayo ngelo xesha ubengayixelanga naziphi olufunyanisiweyo, ebiza zikaPlato eluchochoyini mihla kuphuhliso bulumko, Noko ke, yena ugxeka ingcamango iifom. Apha Aristotle sele sinengcamango yokuba uThixo "umphambanisi emileyo eyinhloko" yehlabathi. Ngeli xesha, naye uye ukusebenza "ezikhona" yaye "umgaqo-nkqubo" kukwenze 'izimiso Evdemovu. "
3. ixesha lokufundisa kunye nophando phantsi neengqameko ye Lyceum. Ngeli xesha, ukuba uzimisele ukuba Aristotle bufunyenwe ngethuba iminyaka yobomi bakhe. Wamisela waphuma ukuba ingayenza le bulumko yesiseko ethembekileyo ezinamandla; ke rhoqo liqhuba, izifundo eneenkcukacha abohlukeneyo kule ndawo endalo kunye nembali. umsebenzi zokufundisa (isifundo) ngexesha Aristotle siyakhuselwa kwaye zapapashwa 60s BC. e. KuAndroniko of yaseRhodes. Ngoko ke "ezikhona" yingqokelela lweentetho anikwe kwi Lyceum ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Igama "ezikhona" ubonisa indawo yomsebenzi ekuqokelelweni imisebenzi ka-Aristotle, kuba emva kokuba "Physics" (μετα Greek -. «Emva»). Kodwa yonke umxholo efanayo njengoko nobuntu ngengqiqo mihla - ukuba "Physics" ejongene nemingeni yokuxhayelwa kwabo intshukumo, i "ezikhona" lunikezelwa siseko ephezulu kunye nezizathu ezikwiingcambu. Wona "Physics", oko kukuthi, corpus Aristotle xa ezinikelwe nenzululwazi yendalo nentanda-bulumko zendalo kwakhona kusebenza kwithuba lesithathu. Ziquka Kwakhona "Kwi umphefumlo" - ithiyori ngokwasengqondweni Aristotle, umsebenzi konikezelo ( "Nicomachean Ethics", "Mkhulu Ethics"), inkolelo yezopolitiko ( "Umgaqo-nkqubo"), "ubuciko", "Poetics".

systematization yesayensi

Aristotle zezenzululwazi kunye bulumko systematized, ebabela nangokubafaka kwimimandla zilandelayo ulwazi:

1. Philosophy theoretical component. Ifuna ukuphumeza ulwazi olusulungekileyo, ukuze ulwazi lulodwa, ukuba naziphi na iziphumo eziluncedo. Philosophy senkolelo kuquka physics (ukufundisisa umbandela, amaziko ukutshintsha), imathematika (ukufunda engaguquguqukiyo, kodwa alohlukaniswa le material) kunye ezikhona (libhekisela ndahlula eziphathekayo, i bakwelona kunye olusisigxina).
2. ifilosofi Practical. Oku kuquka inzululwazi ikakhulu zezopolitiko, ngokunjalo inani lwamacandelo ukuba Aristotle ukholelwa owayamileyo ngokwemfundo kwanancedisayo kwezopolitiko: ezoqoqosho, isicwangciso, ubuciko.
3. ifilosofi enkondlo. Ibandakanya yokuziphatha kunye ubuhle, oku kuquka ithiyori Aristotle kule kwezobugcisa.

igalelo Aristotle ukuba ebuncwaneni impucuko yehlabathi kunganzima ukuba nemikhuba. Yintoni wavula Aristotle, uluhlu kunokuba elide. Ubukhulu becala imibono yakhe yafudukela bulumko Neo-zikaPlato nentanda-bulumko ephakathi. A elithi livele Aristotle isetyenziswa kule mini asisiseko isigama zeentanda-bulumko naluphi na ulwimi ehlabathini ekhoyo.