Alungise Eastern nokuxubana

Amadlozi lenqaba yabelwe ukusuka Indic malunga kwisiqingatha sokuqala kwewaka yokuqala BC. Ngelo xesha siya kugweba malunga kunikwe asakhulayo ezi zizwe kunye neendawo zazo zokuhlala isigxina. Imvelaphi kunye nokuhlawula le nokuxubana - debatable phakathi mbali abaninzi. Wafunda iminyaka emininzi, kwaye zisekelwe phezu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemithombo. Ngokutsho kwezinye iinguqulelo nokuxubana ezi autochthonous, okt nabantu basekuhlaleni. Enye inxalenye mbali inembono yokuba - abantu yalapha.

umsebenzi omkhulu imbali, ungenza ukulandelela imvelaphi kunye nokusasaza empuma nokuxubana apho, nguye "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", ebhalwe seal Nestor. indlela yawo umlando leyo wachaza maxesha lweziganeko ngaloo mihla. Ekuqaleni le seal bali imisela indawo yokuhlala - izizwe eMpuma nokuxubana, ngokwembono yakhe, yaba ekuqaleni wahlala iDanube River Basin. Ngenxa yokuba izizwe Slavic wahlasela ekuthiwa-"Volohov," kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukutshintsha indawo yabo yokuhlala, yaye wafudukela ngasempuma, ukuya Dnieper River. imithombo zakudala, Noko ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yokuhlala nokuxubana kwi oder emlanjeni sokuhlambela, leyo iphosa intandabuzo phezu imfundiso Nestor, nangona ngalo mzuzu kuba esihle kakhulu.

Sokulungisa le Mpuma nokuxubana elisengqayini le Dnieper River kukhokelela bokuhlala kwabo kule ntsimi. Nangona kunjalo, i "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" Nestor - kuphela umthombo apho unako ukufumana idata. Ngenxa yoko, ngemihla aseByzantium zibonisa ukuba ngexesha yokufuduka enkulu abantu nokuxubana yemizi ummandla kumbindi nasempuma kwe-Europe, kwaye nagoko amaByzantine ukuba amasebe amathathu nokuxubana - sklaviny, Por kunye Wends. Zonke ezi amasebe gaba ngaphezu kwesinye anamanci mahlanu izizwe ezahlukeneyo ahlala kuloo mmandla. Ngelishwa, namhlanje uninzi amagama aba amaxhama yezizwe kulahlekile, yaye ukuba asinda wakukhankanya kuphela basike, drevlyans, Volhynians, Tivertsy northerners vyatichi, LWENKOSANA, buzhans Radimichi, Krivich, ejele, kunye nezinye izizwe.

Ngomhla kunikwe kwakho indawo nokuxubana Wabhala amaRoma nama-Arabhu. Ukuphawulwa yezi zizwe zifumaneka kwimibhalo Tacitus, uPliny Elder, uPtolemy. Malunga nokuxubana, njengomphumi-mkhosi okhaliphileyo wabhala, iintloko Gothic, ezizezi Ermanaric, kwaphulwa abalwa Slavic. Nangona uloyiso wodwa, nokuxubana ingengomajoni, elingatshintshwanga ukuya emfazweni. Oku kungqinwa imithombo echaza isohlwayo Slavic abameli asixhenxe Vinitar, umtshana Germanarich.

Sokulungisa le Eastern nokuxubana kummandla weDanube kungqinwe mbali kangaka Russian Karamzin, Klyuchevskii Solovyov. Kodwa Kliuchevskoi version lokugxothwa nokuxubana eyamkelekileyo ngaphantsi --mbali uthetha beku nokuhlaliswa yabo kwicala Dnieper, loo magumbi nangokunyanzelwa kule nkqubo. Umzekelo, Boris rybak ukhetha ukudibanisa ezi ngcamango zimbini Ayinakugcina ichibi weDanube kunye Dnieper. Okwangoku ke, kuyondelelaniswe kwezi ngongoma ezimbini umbono lo elamkelekileyo kakhulu, nangona kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwenziwa uphando kwicala kwimimandla esemantla. Mhlawumbi emva kwexesha elithile, ezi ngcamango ziya kutshintshwa.

Kuthiwa ukuba kunikwe kwakho indawo nokuxubana wasempuma wawungapheleliselwanga iDanube kunye Dnieper pool. Ukususela ekuqaleni AD ngenkulungwane yesithoba, baqala ukuvela idolophu yokuqala ukuba kuya kude ukusuka kwiindawo zokuhlala zaseprayimari. Omnye beemboniselo zokuqala ezi zilandelayo: Kiev, Chernihiv, ESmolensk, Novgorod, Moore. Ukuba kudityaniswe kufutshane Dnieper yaba liziko of Kiev, kufutshane emantla abo baba Novgorod.