St. Sophia Cathedral - bomda edume Kiev

St. Sophia Cathedral - itshe bokwakha ibalulekileyo isembindini of Kiev, kwisikweri eponymous. Kwinkulungwane XI endaweni lokulwa wamagazi luthathe indawo, nto leyo ekhokelele abendlu ka-Kiev Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo ikwaze phezu Pechenegs ephila, yaye ngenxa yokuba ibandla grand yobu kamva kwakhiwa apha.

indaba

Kwisixeko Kiev Saint Sophia Cathedral wabonakala ebudeni bolawulo edume Yaroslava Mudrogo, kodwa kwimbali Orthodox iphambili Kievan Rus nto inzima kakhulu. Abanye abaphandi bathi ukuba itempile kule sayithi yasekwa ebudeni bolawulo Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha, kodwa Abaphengululi abaninzi ziquka ekubekeni isiseko ukuya xesha Yaroslava Mudrogo.

Cathedral sakhiwe iinkosi best baseByzantium, esuswe eConstantinople, kodwa ibandla sele zande kakhulu kunamanye amabandla Orthodox baseByzantium, kwaye itempile enzima inkulu kummandla pre-Mongol Russia. Kungekudala emva kokugqitywa Kyïv Sophia Cathedral waba iziko lobomi kwezopolitiko, ngokomoya nezenkcubeko, njengoko kule ndawo iinkosana enkulu wafumana izigidimi amazwe, esebenza yemihla etempileni, kwigumbi elingaphantsi kwe kwithala leencwadi, zeNdibano Popular bahlanganisana ngqo phantsi iindonga yayo emikhulu.

Ngo-1240 i St. Sophia Cathedral ukuba limisiwe yi-Mongols, kodwa isakhiwo wasinda ngokupheleleyo, yaye kuphela kwinkulungwane XVII kwi sesakhiwo utshintsho olubalulekileyo tempile sele zenziwe. Ngoko ke, kunokuba uphahla yamandulo hemispherical zafakelwa uphahla kwe-ezimilise phezulu, itempile wakha Izindlwana ezintsha, yaye kobuhle luqatyiweyo. Phantsi kolawulo yiSoviet, lo Cathedral ezilahlekileyo iwonga le tempile, yaye ngowe-1934 wafumana iwonga le lwembali-reserve. Anqula kube non-alwa nawe ngoku, kwaye inkonzo kube kanye kuphela ngonyaka - ngoAgasti 24, xa Ukraine ibhiyozela yayo Usuku Independence.

Architecture ne design

Ekuveleni XVII-XVIII iinkulungwane, xa St. Sophia Cathedral iye yaba yinxalenye ye Orthodox eMonastri sinzima, olungaphambili wetempile wanika iimpawu Ukrainian ezimbejembeje. Kwaye emhlabeni isakhiwo yakudala nezinye izakhiwo efanayo isimbo bokwakha, kuquka injengenqaba lokungena kunye nenqaba intsimbi kunye nezindlu refectory emaqandeni Brama Zaborovsky kunye Metropolitan Home.

I 'bonisa "engundoqo le yecawa Bagciniwe ngenkulungwane XI kaMoses, kwaye eyona idumileyo - uKristu Pantocrator kunye Virgin Oranta. Wonke umsebenzi kaMoses etempileni ngokusebenzisa glazes, nto leyo intsila netyuwa, iglasi nentsimbi oxides, namaqhekeza kuphela eyenziwa ilitye yendalo amaqhosha iinkosi zamandulo.

Ngelishwa, le esekelwe itempile ziye zasinda mandundu kakhulu imihombiso yamandulo emihle. Ngomhla emgangathweni yecawa ungabona iipleyiti elikhulu lentsimbi, ezo umfanekiso iceba ibonakala ngokucacileyo, nto leyo kuthathwa imiqondiso Muslim. Kwaye akucaci nto loo nesigqubuthelo kumgangatho Wabonakala kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo Orthodox. Ekuqaleni, emagumbini esembindini ngayo ukutyibilika sele iyilungisile kunye amibala-bala, yaye emangcwabeni kunye kwezitulo - iipleyiti ezincinane yodongwe, amaqhekeza yodongwe kunye ithayile ukutyibilika kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yaye ngoku ibonakala ngokucacileyo.

iimpawu

Nozipho Cathedral kugcinwa elide ucweyo lomnye, vula i wizard ngexesha umsebenzi wokulungisa. Le mibhalo udonga yakudala, leyo kamva efihliweyo phantsi ngokuluqaba mhlophe, esekelwe bokuhombisa kwaye ezi tracings Iindwendwe St. Sophia kunokubonwa namhlanje, njengoko restorers akazange ukuwafihla okanye bapeyinte imizobo ezintsha. Enye umtsalane itempile i sarcophagus mandulo zaba nemikrolo nezemarmore, leyo likwaneklinkhi iintsalela umfi ngo-1054 Grand Yaroslava Mudrogo, kwaye ukuzihlola iyafumaneka yonke undwendwe.