UMongameli Martin Van Buren: biography

Future US uMongameli Martin Van Buren wazalwa ngo-1782. Wazalelwa kule lali Kinderhuk. Yaba idolophu Dutch hayi kude eNew York. uyise Martin yaba umnini ngamakhoboka kunye nomnini ndawo yentselo. Van Buren imvelaphi ezimalunga nokuphendula amanye akhe "iirekhodi kamongameli." Ngokomzekelo, wayeyintloko American kuphela karhulumente, ulwimi lwazo lomthonyama ayikho IsiNgesi, kunye Dutch. Kwakhona, Martin Van Buren waba ngumongameli wokuqala wazalelwa kwi-Independent States Entsha.

umsebenzi wezopolitiko

Ngowe-1821, Van Buren wonyulwa ukuba iNdlu Yeengwevu. Wabaleka ukusuka Democratic-Republican Party eNew York. Isiseko inkqubo yakhe wezepolitiki irhafu aphezulu nezigxeko zesindululo ukunika lithi ilizwe elo babephuma kulo ilizwe lonke.

Martin Van Buren yaba umhlobo Endryu Dzheksona. Xa ngo-1829 waba ngumongameli waseUnited States, wenza unobhala yeeNgwevu karhulumente. In Buren waba ezininzi iingxabano kunye noogxa. Ngenxa yoko, kwiminyaka emibini kamva Jackson wammisela inxusa eLondon. Kungekudala wezopolitiko wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe (ngenkani kwi Yeengwevu). Ngowe-1832, Martin Van Buren kwakhona yaba umlingwa usekela-mongameli phantsi Andrew Jackson. Democrats ophumelele unyulo. Emva koko, uVan Buren enye kwiminyaka emine waba ngumntu wesibini sikarhulumente.

Unyulo lukaMongameli

Ngowe-1836 Van Buren ngokwakhe wabaleka umongameli kwaye bephumelela iqela ezintathu, yaba ezihlangwini ku Jackson. Indawo kwi -Ofisi Khan , waba ngoMatshi ka-1837. Van Buren ukugcina kwizikhundla zikarhulumente ezingundoqo phantse kubo bonke abantu abasebenza phantsi ezihlangwini zakhe.

urhulumente omtsha ubudala kwafuneka ukujongana neziphumo ukwesaba 1837 - ligama sesikweni ngoko zenzeka ntlekele kwezoqoqosho US. Ingxaki yayina xa, emva kweminyaka emihlanu ukudodobala kweli lizwe waya neebhanki eziliqela yimali kunye nezinga lokungaphangeli wafikelela amanqanaba irekhodi.

Iingxaki ukuhluleka

Njengoko umongameli, Martin Van Buren ngenkuthalo bakhusela amaxabiso asezantsi kunye norhwebo free. Ingqalelo ephambili wahlawula iingxaki American yaseMzantsi, inkxaso ogama kubalulekile ukugcina amandla Democratic Party. The Head of State wakwazi ukudala inkqubo ngokuzikhanyeza, injongo yayo ukunyenyisa kwityala lemali lesizwe.

Nangona iinzame Van Buren, Democratic Party wakhe ekwintlekele. Yaba liqhekeke ebangwa divergence izimvo indlela yokujamelana neengxaki kwezoqoqosho. Njengesiphumo esithe ngqo kwesi ungquzulwano lwangaphakathi ukungaphumeleli umongameli izama ukuzisa ebomini ingcamango "kaNondyebo Independent." Ngokutsho Van Buren, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuba eli lizwe kwahlula iimali zikarhulumente yeebhanki ezingazinzanga. Ngowe-1840, i Democratic Party wahlula bazitshitshisela oyilwayo, nto leyo kwachithwa yingozi kuba White House.

ubukhoboka

Nangona Van Buren wasebenza iNdlu yeeNgwevu, yena wavota ngakwicala kukho amaphulo anti-ubukhoboka esebenzayo (umzekelo, ngenxa yokuba khoboka ithi Missouri asibonakali). Konke oku wanika nkqubo negama ethile. Ngowe-1848, wayengase abe ngumgqatswa ye-Ofisi kaMongameli le "Umhlaba Free Party" (imela lokubhangisa ngokupheleleyo ubukhoboka).

Nangona ulandelelwano yangaphambili, ukuba intloko karhulumente, Van Buren oye itshintshe indawo yayo. Njengoko umongameli, wayekholelwa ukuba ubukhoboka yi-siseko enemvume nje kuphela, kodwa akuboni echanekileyo. Nditsho umhlala-phantsi, waphinda wagxeka amakhoboka indawo yabantu abamnyama. Ekubeni Van Buren ngokwakhe enyanisweni Dutch, ukususela ebuntwaneni wafunda ukunxibelelana nabantu beentlanga ezahlukeneyo eentlanga nezentlalo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye eye waphumelela kusekwangoko kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko, xa usebenzisa umtsalane zalo wenza ukuba i-White House. Ngexesha umongameli we Van Buren yaba uvukelo likhoboka edumileyo enqanaweni "Amistad" (esi siganeko lunikezelwa eponymous umboniso Stivena Spilberga).

Winning Harrison

Ngowe-1840 Van Buren kwakhona abe umviwa we-Democratic Party ukhetho entsha. Ngelo xesha, inkampani waqhubeka ityala ngumongameli ukuba imeko enzima kwezoqoqosho kunye nokungaphumeleli okuyilungisa le meko. Sele koomasipala eziziiprayimari wabonisa ukuba ukuthandwa Democrats liye lehla kakhulu. Kunjalo, Martin Van Buren, engobomi ogama kwabonakala eyamkelekileyo kumaqela amaninzi, yaba umlingwa kwakhona konyulo ukuze i-White House.

Ummangali iphambili umongameli kwaba Jikelele Uilyam ekampini, owamela Whigs. Van Buren wahlulwa. Esithi ndlela-ntle kwiNdlu White, yena wathi wayekiswa ukuba ubomi bakhe iintsuku ezimbini bonwabileyo: imini wangena iOfisi Khan, athi ngomhla xa wemka kuyo.

Exakayo, Yokuqala Lady of the United States kwi 1837-1841 kaThixo. Asinguye umfazi umntu wokuqala, kunye nentombi yakhe. Martin Van Buren, intsapho yakhe basinda ntlekele ngo-1819, waba umhlolo emva kokufa nomkakhe uHana. Umongameli unyana ka-Abraham. Umfazi wakhe, Angelica (umolokazana-umongameli) waza waba Lady Lokuqala. Oku awufani kwimbali US.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Emva kokulahlekelwa amandla, Van Buren wenze iinzame eziliqela liwina ukhetho kamongameli. Bonke bephela akuphumelelanga. Nangona phantse bonke abachasi wobukhoboka 1850 ajoyina Republican Party entsha, lowo wayesakuba ngumongameli akazange akwenze oko waza wahlala phakathi Democrats. Ngowe-1852 wayezixhasa ukonyulwa Franklin Pierce, yaye ngo-ngo1856 - Yakobi Buchanan.

Xa US Civil War waqalisa, Van Buren ocacise esidlangalaleni ukunyaniseka kwakhe i-Union (okt ithi emantla). Kwakhona waba endisebenza Lincoln, loyi bazama ukuphelisa kwahlukahlukana kunye South. Ngowe-1861, impilo Van Buren baqalisa ukuba maxongo. Ekwindla, wehla weza ne pneumonia. July 24, 1862 oziphethe wabulawa sombefu xa eneminyaka engama-79. umongameli Eighth US wangcwatywa lweenkobe Kinderhuke yakhe (ibid yonke inyama yenyama yakhe, eyafakwa).

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kwimbali edume ekhohlo enye Martin Van Buren Bates. Waye elikhulu kakhulu (kunye ukukhula 241 sentimitha), owayephila kwinkulungwane XIX kwaye babe imibulelo ezithandwayo lokukhenketha ehlabathini lonke. Ukudida kunye nomongameli, ke, into engalunganga.