Abafazi bakaHenry 8 Tudor, uKumkani waseNgilandi: amagama, imbali kunye neenkcukacha ezithakazelisayo

Imbali kaKumkani uHenry VIII waseTudor kunye nabafazi bayo abathandathu baye banomdla kwiimbali-mlando kunye nabantu bobugcisa iminyaka engama-550. Kwaye akumangalisi, kuba, nangona kukho utshintsho, ayikho ngaphantsi kwezona zifundo ze-sopha ezithandwa kakhulu.

Kwimixholo yemishado emininzi yekosikazi, kuye kwabhalwa ezininzi iincwadi kwaye ezininzi iifilimu zitshuntshiwe. Nangona kunjalo, akuzona zonke eziyinyaniso, ngoko uya kuba nomdla wokufunda iifayili ezibhalwe ngolu hlobo olusondeleyo kubudlelwane obusenziwa nguHenry VIII Tudor, abafazi bakhe kunye neendlalifa, nokuba kutheni ukumkani engakwazi ukufumana umfazi onokumenza abe ngumzekelo wentsapho.

Umtshato wokuqala

UHenry 8 wabusa kwisihlalo sobukhosi saseNgesi emva kokufa kukayise eneminyaka eyi-17. Umtshato wokuqala wangena kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba. Kwaye le mtshato yayingekho nje kuphela yothando, kodwa nokuba nokusebenza kwayo kwindlela yokujonga ukuqinisa isikhundla saseNgilani eYurophu kwabangela ukungabaza kuoyise wenkosi entsha kunye nabacebisi bakhe.

Umfazi wexesha elizayo ukumkani nguCatherine waseAragon - iSpanish yaseSpain, eyaphinda ibe ngumhlolokazi ka-Henry umntakwabo u-Arthur. Wayengumdala kunomyeni wakhe kunye necawa yabo yamaKatolika abachasene nabo, becinga ngezihlobo eziseduze. Ukuze afumane imvume kumpapa, uCatherine wayedinga nokuba afunge ukuba, nangona watshata kwiNkosana yaseWales, wahlala eyintombi. Ngokusekelwe kwezi zingqinisiso, umanyano wokuqala wokudibana nomntwana waseSpeyin wabhengezwa.

Ukungabikho kwindlalifa

Ukuba yinkosi, umfana uHenry wamthobela ngokupheleleyo umfazi kwimicimbi yenkqubo yangaphandle. Kulo mba, ukumkanikazi wayekhathalele kakhulu umdla wakhe waseSpain. Ngelo xesha, wonke umntu wayekulindele ukuba uCatherine azalwe yindlalifa, kodwa wavelisa abantwana abafa okanye wafa emva kokuzalwa.

Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1516, iminyaka eyisixhenxe emva komtshato, ukumkanikazi waba ngumama wentombazana enempilo, eyayibizwa ngokuba nguMaria. Ngokutsho kwesivumelwano somtshato sikaCatherine noHenry ngokungabikho koonyana abambalwa, itrone yayiya kuhamba kwintombi yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ukumkani wayesaba nokuba ingcinga yokuba etroneni yaseNgilani kwakuya kuba ngumfazi. Waqhubeka ethemba ukuba uCatherine uza kumnika unyana, kodwa ukuzalelwa kokugqibela kukaMyenikazi nokuphela kokugqibela kwaphela ngokuzalwa komnye umfana ofile, okwenze ukuba usongelo lwengxaki yentsholongwane.

Imicimbi engaphantsi komtshato

Ngoxa ukumkanikazi engazange aphumelele ukuba ngumama wendlalifa etroneni kwaye ehlala ekhulelwe okanye ehamba ekuzalweni okunzima, uHenry wafuna induduzo kwicala. Indoda eyaziwayo kakhulu kwiindwendwe zakhe ngelo xesha yayinguBessie Blount, owazala unyana kaFaro uFitzroy, noMaria Boleyn.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ngowama-1925 inkwenkwe yokuqala yanikwa isihloko sikaDuke waseRichmond kunye noBukumkani bakhe abazange bafihla ukuba wayengumntwana waloo nto, ngoxa engazange abone abantwana ukusuka kwintombi yesibini, nangona wonke umntu wayenesiqiniseko sokuba azalwanga Ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba.

Anna Boleyn

Ngokwababhali-mlando, bonke abafazi bakaHenry the Tudor ngandlela-thile bamthanda lo mntu oqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, akazange akhonze naluphi na kubo, waza wamthiya njengo-Anna Boleyn.

Le ntombazana yayingumncinci udadewabo wenkosikazi yakhe uMariya, kodwa yayingumntu onqwenelekayo. Ufumene imfundo ebalulekileyo kwiBrussels naseParis kwaye yakhanya enkundleni. Ukuqaphela imiqondiso yenkcazelo evela kukumkani, wadibana naye ngencoko yengxoxo engqondweni, kodwa akazange akhuphe ukuwamkela.

Mhlawumbi isizathu sokuba angenakukwazi ukufikelela kuye kwaba yintlekele yoodadewabo, owaba ngumfazi wesigqirha kaHenry, waza wachaswa waza wabalahlwa nguye. Ukukhanyela kuphela kwavutha uthando lokumkani. Ukuze aphumelele, wanika uAna indima yomfazi kaHenry uTudor, nangona wayesebenomfazi osemthethweni.

Uqhawulo

Fumana isimo somfazi kaHenry 8 Tudor yayiyinkolelo kuyo nayiphi na intombazana, kwaye uAna wayengenakukunceda kodwa uyawuxabisa umnikelo lowo uHenry anqumle ngawo. Wakhuthaza ngayo yonke indlela waza wamelana nompapa, owayenqaba ukuzala ukumkani noCatherine waseAragon.

Ngenxa yokubambisana kwexesha elide kunye nomponti, lo mva wavuma ukuba uphando. Abagwebi bafanele bathathe isigqibo malunga nokukhanselwa komtshato kaHenry VIII kunye nomntwana waseSpain, njengonono, ukuba kungabonakala ukuba wayevalelwa phakathi kwezihlobo.

Ityala alizange lisebenze, ngoko ukumkani onomsindo kunye nabacebisi bakhe bafumana indlela yokuphuma: iphalamende yadlulisela imithetho yokuba amandla kaPapa ayengasenwe kwintsimi yaseNgilandi. Ngaphezu koko, ngowe-1534 lonke ilizwe lamaKatolika lixakeka xa lifumanisa ukuba uMthetho weSupermatist usayinwe eLondon. Kulo xwebhu, uHenry VIII wamemezelwa njengentloko yecawa yesiNgesi, oku kuthetha ukugqitywa ngokupheleleyo kunye neRoma.

Umtshato wesibini

Ngesimo somfazi kaHenry 8 Tudor, u-Anna Boleyn wabonakala phambi kwabantu emva komtshato ngoJanuwari 1533. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokutshata komtshato wokuqala kaKumkani. Ngasekuqaleni kwehlobo lelo nyaka, wathweswa isithsaba, kwaye ngoSeptemba wazala intombi, owaza kuba ngu-Elizabethe owokuQala, enye yezona zinto zihlonipheke kwiimbali zehlabathi.

Ukuzalwa kwentombi yesibini kumcaphukisa uHeinrich, kwaye njengoko ukukhulelwa okulandelayo kuphelile ngokuzalwa kwabafundi abafile, waziva edaniwe kwaye ngokukhawuleza waqala ukukhangela isizathu sokukhupha u-Anna onomsindo. Kungekudala lo mfazi wayemangalelwa ngobugqwirha novukelo, wabanjwa waza wabanjwa entolongweni. Emva kwetyala, apho wafunga khona ukuba akafunanga uthando lomyeni wakhe ngeentsimbi kwaye wayengenalo abathandayo, wayesele ebulawa kwaye wangcwatyelwa kwingcwaba elingachazwanga.

Jane Seymour

Le ntombi yedumo, eyathatha isihlalo esingenamntu kaTrior umfazi kaHenry, yaba yinkosikazi yakhe nangaphambi kokuba umfazi wamandulo wangeniswa kwi-block. Ngokungafani noCatherine waseAragon kunye no-Anna Boleyn, wayengakwazi ukufunda nokufunda, kodwa ukubonakala kwakhe kwakuhambelana ngqo nemigangatho yobuhle belo xesha. Intsapho yaseSeymour yayikhuthaza kakhulu into yokuhlala ngaphandle kukaJane kunye nenkosi, enethemba lokudibanisa isikhundla sayo enkundleni.

Ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1533, ngokukhawuleza emva kokubulawa kuka-Queen Anne, uHenry noJane babetshatile, kodwa intombazana yayingenasithsaba, njengoko indoda yakhe yayingathandabuzeki ukuba ingazala yini indlalifa yakhe. Kwiminyaka emine kamva, uSeymour wanikela uHenry unyana osemthethweni ode ulinde, kodwa wafa iintsuku ezimbalwa emva komkhuhlane wokubeletha.

Anna Klevskaya

Nangona iNgilani sele ibuye ibe nendlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi, emva kokufa kukaJoan Seymour, iindwendwe zathunyelwa kwiinqununu ezininzi zaseYurophu. Bayelelwe ukuba bafumane abaviwa ngendima yomfazi kaHenry uTudor. Imizobo yamantombazana evela kwii-regal amagama kwakufuneka iziswe eLondon, ngoko ukumkani wayekhethile umtshakazi. Njengoko kwavela, akukho mntu wayenomdla wokunika intombi kumfazi womntu onemitshato emibili emva emva kwakhe, kwaye ngubani owabulala unyoko nonina.

Ngobunzima obunzima, iinxusa zakwazi ukukholisa uDuke Wilhelm waseCleves ukuba athathe udadewabo uAnna kuHenry. Ekupheleni kwe-1539, umthetheli wafika eCalais, apho wadibana naye. Ukumkani wadumala, kuba umtshakazi wayengekho intombazana evela kwirefti eyathunyelwa kuye. Wabuyela eLondon ngomsindo waza wanciphisa ingqumbo yabathengisi, abembethe "i-Flemish mare".

Nangona kunjalo, kwafuneka atshate, kodwa wathi esidlangalaleni ukuba akazange amthinte umfazi wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, u-Anna Klevskaya wathola inkululeko yendalo yonke enkundleni kwaye waba ngumama wokuba ngumntwana owamabantwana abathathu benkosi. Kungekudala uHeinrich wagqiba ukucima i-bark. Indlovukazi ayichasanga, ngakumbi ekubeni umyeni wakhe wammema ukuba ahlale kwibhotwe ngamalungelo 'wakhe udade othandekayo'.

Catherine Howard

Ngowe-1540, uKumkani waseNgilandi uHenry VIII Tudor kunye nabafazi bakhe baba yiYurophu yonke. Wayengenakho ithemba lokuba afune umfazi phakathi kwamantombazana ukusuka kumagama angama-august, ngoko wayejonge umfazi omele umfazi wesine. Phakathi kwabo, wayemthanda ngakumbi uCatherine Howard, apho watshata khona.

Ekuqaleni uBark wayebonakala evuya, kwaye uHenry wayeneminyaka engama-20 emncinci. Kodwa umfazi omncinci wayeyi-anemone, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ekufikeni kwakhe kwavela abantu abancinci, ababenobungane naye ngaphambi kokuba abe ngukumkanikazi. Ukufunda ngokungathembeki komfazi wakhe, uHenry wamyala ukuba abulawe phambi kwesihlwele.

Catherine Parr

Eli bhinqa lwenzeka ukuba abhale isahluko sokugqibela senveli "uHenry VIII kunye nabafazi bakhe abathandathu." Ngeli xesha apho ukumkani wamenza umnikelo, wayesele waba ngumhlolokazi kabini, kwaye wayeneminyaka engama-31 ubudala. Uthe ukumkani wayeneminyaka engama-50, waza waxelela uCatherine Catherine ukuba wayenethemba lokuba uya kuthuthuzelwa ekugugile. Umfazi omtsha kaHenry waba ngumhlobo nentombi yomyeni wakhe uElizabhete waza wenza u-Edward unyana wakhe. Umtshato wahlala iminyaka engama-4 waza waphela ngokufa komlawuli.

Ngoku uyazi ezinye iinkalo ezithandekayo malunga neziganeko apho abalinganiswa abakhulu beNkosi yaseNgilandi uHenry VIII kunye nabafazi bakhe abathandathu. Ngethamsanqa, namhlanje wonke umntu ukhululekile ukutshata kangangexesha elifunayo, kwaye ngenxa yalokhu akadingi ukusika intloko okanye ukuphonsa lonke ilizwe kwizontlango zeemfazwe zenkolo kunye nezopolitiko.