1 Nicholas guqula

Wobukumkani uNicholas 1 kwaqalisa kwezithandani le mvukelo ye Decembrists ngo-1825, ngomhla we-14 kuDisemba. Eliwaka yaphela ebudeni iCrimea beMfazwe, nexesha elongezelelweyo kwisithuba ukukhusela Sevastopol ngo-1855, ngoFebruwari.

Kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente Mykola 1 afuna ukuba ngamalungisa umsebenzi iphezulu, enika ubume "bona nemvisiswano."

Ngenxa kuqala, ukumkani wabona ekomelezeni isebe yamapolisa ingenalo novelwano. 1 Nicholas izimilo kule ndawo kwakukhona ukulwa mbuso, ukomeleza indlela yedwa. Ukwenziwa ezo izimvo ukumkani zayibonayo ukuphunyezwa engaguquki kwemikhosi, yinye kunye bureaucratization. Uhlaziyo of Nicholas 1, ngamafutshane, negalelo ekubeni kusekwe inkqubo entsonkothileyo ngoncedo olubanzi karhulumente kwi yenkcubeko, yezoqoqosho, ezentlalo nezopolitiko nobomi lizwe.

Ngelo xesha ukumkani wafuna ulawulo lakhe phezu kwazo zonke iintlobo kulawulo loluntu, ngokunjalo ingqalelo ezandleni zabo izisombululo kunye nemicimbi zabucala, kunye noluntu, ngaphandle ukubandakanyeka amasebe kunye nabaphathiswa. Kulo mba, sakha iimvumelwano efihlakeleyo ezininzi kunye neekomiti ezilawulwa ngqo irhuluneli kwaye isoloko indawo yi entsimini.

Uhlaziyo of Nicholas 1 nokwadala ofisi. Ukwandisa, le arhente yaba ngumfanekiso wolawulo kwamandla monarchical.

Ezibaluleke kakhulu yaba ncwadi pyatnadtsatitomnogo "iKhowudi of Laws" ngo-1832. umthetho Russian-odolwe, ukuba absolutism kweli lizwe babomelele ngakumbi kwaye ecacileyo isisikhokelo sezomthetho yolawulo. Noko ke, oku akuzange kulandelwe naluphi na utshintsho nokuba iqonga lezopolitiko okanye ekuhlaleni wobukhosi Russia.

Nicholas wachukumisa ngokutsha 1 Branch Yesithathu ye-Ofisi Immediate. Phantsi kolawulo lwakhe, yaye yasekwa angaphathi gendarmerie. Ngenxa yoko, lonke ilizwe (ngaphandle kummandla Caucasus, i-Don Cossacks, Finland kunye Poland) yahlulwa amahlanu, ngoko izithili ezisibhozo phantsi kolawulo iinjengele gendarmerie.

Ngenxa yoko, i-Division yesithathu ukunika ingxelo * kuKhesare ngeenguqu incinane zengqondo zabantu. Ukongeza, uxanduva arhente zibandakanya uphicotho kukarhulumente yolawulo lwengingqi kwaye central, ozibonayo urhwaphilizo kunye nalwazelelelo, abenzi bobubi kwaziswa ubulungisa, njalo-njalo.

Ingozi ezingundoqo "ukuphikisana" kunye "free-iingcinga" walala entsimini yokushicilela kunye nemfundo. Mna ke ndithe uNikolay 1. Uhlaziyo kwimfundo yaqala eqhineni ukuya etroneni yokumkani. Lo mlawuli wayekholelwa ukuba imvukelo Decembrists kwabangelwa "inkqubo zemfundo zobuxoki."

Ngenxa yoko, ukwamkelwa ngamakhoboka kwiiyunivesithi kunye nezikolo negrama uye wavalwa ukususela 1827. Ngowe-1828, i "Charter of the Schools" yapapashwa, kwaye ngo-1835 - "University Charter".

1 Nicholas Uhlaziyo kubonakala imingcele. Ngowe-1828 imithetho emitsha ziye zaziswa. Ngokuqinisekileyo wayehambile yamkelwa ngaphambili, kodwa zaqukwa inani elikhulu iintsilelo kunye nezithintelo. 1 Nicholas ingqalelo ukulwa ubuntatheli omnye wemisebenzi eziphambili. Ukususela ngoko kwaba ncwadi wavalwa woolindixesha ezininzi.

Kwikota yesibini kwenkulungwane ye-19, kwaphakama umbuzo yamahlwempu lizwe. Nicholas 1 iinguqu imo lali. Nakuba kunjalo, utshintsho ziye impikiswano enkulu. entrepreneurship Kakade ke, kwelinye icala sele inkxaso, inxalenye nempumelelo zezo lali. Nangona kunjalo, lo mthwalo kwandisa zerhafu. Ngenxa yoko, utshintsho kwenani karhulumente le lali waphendula kwimvukelo abaninzi.

Kweli xesha ukususela 1839 lwaqhutywa ngomhla we-1843 utshintsho lwemali, nto leyo ekhokelele engange ngetyala, leyo wayelingana engange esinye sesilivere savunywa. Le nguqu eyomelezile isakhiwo yezimali zeli lizwe.

Le minyaka yokugqibela wolawulo bomhla komlawuli babizwa "iminyaka aphelelwe lithemba wesixhenxe." Urhulumente ngelo xesha wathabatha amanyathelo ukuthintela unxibelelwano kwabantu Russian kunye Western. Ukungena yaseRussia ngokuba abasemzini, kwakunye yokuphuma Russian eneneni kwavalwa (ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyiwe ngurhulumente kazwelonke).