Conquest of eSiberia. Imbali ngokudibanisa eSiberia nakwiMpuma Ekude eRashiya

Conquest of eSiberia - yenye yeenkqubo zibalulekileyo ukubunjwa sokumiswa Russian. Uphuhliso mazwe asempuma wathabatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-400. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, kwakukho iimfazwe ezininzi, ukwanda amazwe, amayelenqe, oliqhophololo.

Ukujoyina eSiberia usenguye kumbindi ingqalelo historians ebangela eninzi mpikiswano, kuquka phakathi kwamalungu oluntu.

Kokoyiswa eSiberia ngu Ermak

Imbali ekoyiswa eSiberia luqala edume hike Ermak. Le yenye izikhulu Cossacks. data ngqo kwi ukuzalwa kunye nomnombo yakhe ikhona. Nangona kunjalo, lo inkumbulo zobuqhawe bakhe kithi ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Ngowe-1580, abarhwebi abazizityebi Stroganoff bamema Cossacks ukunceda ukukhusela ezo izinto ezivela kuhlasela njalo yi-Ugrians. Cossacks kuhlala kwidolophu encinane yaye wahlala kakhulu ngoxolo. Ufunyenwe ukuba isambuku iVolga Cossacks. aye ngaphezulu kancinane Kukho ngaphezu kwamakhulu asibhozo. Ngowe-1581, kunye uhambo imali abarhwebi walungiswa. Nangona ukubaluleka zembali (enyanisweni, eli phulo ephawulwe ekuqaleni Ixesha ekoyiswa eSiberia), eli phulo bangezi ingqalelo eMoscow. I yesicelo squad ebizwa nje "nabaphangi."

Ekwindla 1581 iqela Ermak elaqala neenqanawa ezincinane waza waqalisa ukuba kudlulwe kwi emlanjeni Chusovaya phezulu ezintabeni. Kwi igqampe i Cossacks ukuba icocwe indlela yakhe, ukugawulwa imithi. Beach kwakungekho muntu ngokupheleleyo. zokuphatha ngokusisigxina kunye iintaba ndadala iimeko ezinzima kakhulu inguqu. Iinqanawa (Struga) sathathwa ngokoqobo esandleni, ngenxa kwezityalo rhoqo ayiphumelelanga ukufaka roller. Kunye indlela imozulu ebandayo Cossacks wamisa inkampu phezu pass, apho sachitha yonke ubusika. Emva koko ndaqala ukuqabela phezu komlambo Tagil.

Siberian Khanate

Kokoyiswa eSiberia yi Yermak wadibana uxhathiso yokuqala ukusuka nangezinto zasekuhlaleni. Kukho cishe ngaphesheya komlambo OB waqalisa Siberian Khanate. Le meko elincinane ngenkulungwane ye-15, emva kokoyiswa iGolden mkhosi. Kwakufuneka ibutho kwaye kwakuba izinto ezimbalwa encinane iinkosana.

I Tartars baqhele indlela ephila ubomi, ubengenako ukulakhela isixeko elungileyo, okanye iilali. Eyona misebenzi engundoqo asafuna kunye ukuhlasela. Warriors zaye becala imvelaphi inyuselwa khona. Njengoko izixhobo ezisetyenziswa scimitars okanye amakrele. Amaninzi, ukuba kuveliswe apha ekhaya noko ngokukhawuleza wazidiliza. Bekukho Ndasithimba amakrele Russian kunye nezinye izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. We wasebenzisa amaqhinga yokuhlasela amahashe ngokukhawuleza, ngexesha apho abakhweli ngokoqobo kunyathelwa utshaba, uze layohlala. amajoni unyawo kakhulu yabatoli.

equipment Cossacks

Cossack Ermak wafumana ngexesha inkonzo yangoku. Yaba uthuli gun nangenkanunu. Inkoliso AmaTatar kananjalo wabona izinto ezinjalo, kwaye naku ephambili Russian.

Kufuphi mihla Turinsk yaba idabi lokuqala. Apha AmaTatar Masibalalele Cossacks baqalisa ishawa iintolo. Emva koko, lo epanche prince wasekuhlaleni wathumela umkhosi wakhe Ermak. Cossacks wavula umlilo phezu kwabo imipu elide kunye sekhe, waza wabaleka nangezinto. Olu loyiso bavunyelwe ukuthatha wengingqi Ching-ngeenxa ngaphandle umlo.

Uloyiso yokuqala Cossacks bazisa iimpahla ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza igolide nesilivere, la mazwe baba uboya esisityebi kunene eSiberia, nto leyo uxatyiswa kakhulu eRashiya. Emva kokuba abanye abantu iklasi inkonzo bafunda malunga imveliso, ekoyiswa eSiberia, Cossacks utsale abantu abaninzi abatsha.

Conquest of Western eSiberia

Emva uthotho zoloyiso ezikhawulezayo kunye nempumelelo Ermak waqalisa ukuya ngasempumalanga phambili. Entlakohlaza a Tatar ezimbalwa iinkosana simanyene ukuba alwe Cossacks, kodwa ngokukhawuleza boyiswa kunye nabasemagunyeni Russian ezaziwayo. Embindini ehlotyeni kummandla Yarkovsky mihla idabi yokuqala enkulu. Mametkula kwamabutho yahlasela indawo Cossacks. Babefuna ukuba usondele yaye batshabalalise utshaba, sibambe umkhweli kwi melee. Ermak ngokwakhe wema ngaphakathi kothango lweenqwelo zokulwa elisembindini umpu waza waqalisa ukuba umlilo kwi nangezinto. Sele emva volleys ezimbalwa Mametkul wabaleka yena nempi yakhe yonke, leyo wavula ukuzigqithisa Karachi i Cossacks.

Ukwakhiwa komhlaba yengqesho

Conquest of eSiberia waphawulwa ngenxa ebalulekileyo ilahleko non-yokulwa. iimeko zemozulu ezinzima kunye nemozulu nzima kwabangela izifo ezininzi kule forwarders enkampini. Ukongeza wona libutho Russian ka Ermak nabo baseJamani kwaye Lithuanians (ngoko ngokuba abantu abavela aseBalti).

Baba basesichengeni kakhulu sisifo kunye zokungaqheli enzima kwiCEMIS. Noko ke, eshushu ehlotyeni eSiberia le mingeni wayengekho, ngoko ke Cossacks bafudukela ngaphandle iingxaki, othatha ngakumbi ummandla ngakumbi. zokuhlala Kwathathwa nje baphangwe zitshiswe. Ngokuqhelekileyo wakhwela ubucwebe yinkosana lasekuhlaleni, ukuba uthe sabheka ukuveza emkhosini. Kungenjalo nje touted izipho. Ukongeza kule Cossacks abahlala inxaxheba kweli phulo. Bahamba emva amajoni, kunye abefundisi kunye nabameli lolawulo ozayo. Emizini oyisa koko wakha iinqaba - enqatyisiweyo inqaba ngamaplanga. Bobabini kulawulo lwaseburhulumenteni, kwaye uligwiba xa kuthe kwakho zokungqinga.

Izizwe ndiloyisile ezinto ofakwa. Iintlawulo zalo yaye ukubukela iirhuluneli Russian entolongweni. Ukuba umntu wala ukuhlawula irhafu, wayetyelele squad yasekuhlaleni. Ngemihla yokuvukela enkulu weza sisebenzisa le Cossacks.

Ekubulaleni yokugqibela Siberian Khanate

Kokoyiswa eSiberia kuququzelelwa yi kukuba nangezinto zasekuhlaleni phantse akazange banxibelelane nabanye. izizwe ezahlukeneyo lwenziwa phakathi imfazwe. Nokuba ngaphakathi aseSiberia Khanate, asizizo zonke iinkosana ngokukhawuleza ukunceda abanye. Namandla kunawo Tatar Khan Kuchum. Ukumisa Cossacks, waqala yokuhlanganisa kusengaphambili yomkhosi. Ngaphandle squad yakhe, wamema mercenaries. Baba Ostiaks kunye Voguls. Phakathi kwazo kukho kwaye bazi. Ekuqaleni November, Khan wakhokela Tartars ukuba umlomo Tobol, bendizimisele ukunqanda Russian apha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba abantu basekuhlaleni ukuba becala babengenayo nayiphi olubonakalayo Kuchum uncedo.

isiqinisekiso empini

Xa mpi yaqala, phantse zonke mercenaries basaba ukusuka edabini. ahlelwe kakubi kwaye baqeqeshwe yi Tartars nako elide melanani lukhuni imfazwe kunye Cossacks nabo lweMedia.

Emva kwale loyiso buhlungu kwaye isigqibo phambi Ermak wavula indlela eya Kishlyk. Emva kokuba kuthinjwe kwekomkhulu njengebutho wayeka kweso sixeko. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko waqala apho ukufika abameli Khanty kunye nezipho. Ataman wabamkela ngokufudumeleyo wathetha kakuhle. Emva koko, yaye AmaTatar baqalisa ukuzisa ngokuzithandela izipho kutshintshiselwano sokukhuselwa. Kwakhona, bonke aguqe, sabhambathisa ukuba ahlawule irhafu.

Ukufa e kwincopho udumo

Conquest of eSiberia ayixhaswanga ekuqaleni kuxhaswa yi eMoscow. Noko ke, namarhe malunga zeempumelelo Cossacks ngokukhawuleza saa kulo lonke ilizwe. Ngowe-1582 Ermak thumela igqiza kukumkani. yaba satellite Ataman Ivan Ring, saya kule ofisi. Tsar Ivan yaba Cossacks yolwamkelo yesine. Awabasondezayo kunye izipho, phakathi leyo - gear le smithy yasebukhosini. Ivan Kwakhona wayalela ukuba baqokelele squad lamadoda 500 waza wathunyelwa eSiberia. Kunyaka olandelayo kakhulu Ermak woyisa phantse lonke ilizwe kunxweme ye Irtysh.

Isikhulu edumileyo wahlabela mgama ukoyisa imimandla ngakuphi nabemi bezizwe ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kwakukho eziqhubekayo, nelawula ngokukhawuleza abeke phantsi. Kodwa kufuphi nomlambo Vagai kwecala Ermak ehlaselwa. beemboniselo Cossack ebusuku ngomothuko, i Tartars wakwazi ukubulala phantse bonke. omkhulu Cossack Ataman Ermak wafa.

ukoyisa Olunye eSiberia ngokufutshane

Indawo ngqo ukungcwaba isikhulu ayaziwa. Emva kokufa Ermak kunye amandla waqhubeka ekoyiswa eSiberia. Unyaka emva konyaka, zingeniswe yonke imida entsha. Ukuba iphulo yokuqala ayizange elungelelanisiweyo kunye yesicelo waba umbhodamo, ezilandelayo-up iye zangaphakathi ngakumbi. Ukumkani mathupha ulawulo le nto. Rhoqo wagxothwa hambo ifakwe kakuhle. Castle yakhiwa Tyumen, owaba yokuqala ekwahlala Russian kwezi ndawo. Ukususela ngoko ukoyisa ezicwangcisiweyo waqhubeka esebenzisa Cossack. Unyaka emva konyaka, bahlula yonke imida entsha. Kwidolophu zihlangene, ulawulo Russian. Ukususela kwesihloko, wathumela abantu abafundileyo ukwenza ishishini.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17, kukho iliza esebenzayo kwamathanga. Ngokusekelwe iidolophu ezininzi needolophana. Nabalimi zivela kwezinye beskrini Russia. Le yokuhlala yande amandla. Ngowe-1733, oko ezilungiselelwe odumileyo Northern hambo. Ukongeza kuloyiso kwakhona ijolise uphando kunye nokufunyanwa kumazwe amatsha. Idatha afunyenwe emva sele isetyenziswa yi zejografi evela ehlabathini lonke. End ukujoyina eSiberia kungathathwa Uryahanskogo yokungena ngohlangothi yoBukhosi baseRashiya.