Nokwakheka Morphemic amazwi mihla yimbali: umzekelo. utshintsho ngokwezembali ukwakhiwa morphemic kwamagama

Morphemic ukwakhiwa kwamagama kuphuhliso lolwimi ayisoloko kuhlala injalo. utshintshwano Historical eziye zenzeka ngolwimi, kufuneka iziseko abachaphazelekayo. isakhiwo Morphemic kutshintshile ngenxa iinkqubo ezithile, nto leyo esiza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku.

izisekelo utshintsho Historical

Eyona nto ephambili ukuyilwa ilizwi ngolwimi mihla Russian sisiseko indlela yemvelaphi kwaye non-ithe. Indlela nokubunjwa kwayo ngexesha kuphuhliso lolwimi yembali iyatshintsha. Kwaye nkqu nokwakheka morphemic lo gama itshintshile kwezinye iimeko. Xa intliziyo abaninzi baphulukana morpheme yawo intsingiselo. Nanku umzekelo. Xa intliziyo West phambi ilizwi morpheme za- kwakubaluleke zidlala. Ukutyhubela imbali, iye kulahleka kuyo. Ngoko ke, isiseko iye yaba yinto non-ithe.

Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ekutshintsheni ukwakhiwa morphemic

ukwakheka Akunjalo morphemic ilizwi itshintshe imbali, njengoko kulo mzekelo ungentla. Kuphela nje iimeko ezimbalwa, uyakwazi ukuthetha ngayo. Xa ulwimi mihla, amagama amaninzi ukuze amalungu morpheme ngendlela efanayo kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kodwa namhlanje kukho imizekelo emininzi xa balahlekelwe eziwafaka kumaqela isiseko yokuqala avele kuwo. Ukongeza, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ilizwi iqala ukuba babalise kuphela inxalenye zeenqwelwana ekhobokisayo, kwaye ngokupheleleyo nayo. kuqamba Morphemic kutshintshile kule meko. Siya kukuxelela ntoni izizathu apho kukho iinguqu efanayo.

Izizathu inguqu kubume morphological

Okokuqala, iintsingiselo lungelelanisa iziseko, njani ngamazinga phambi ukuvelisa ithe, abanye. Ngokomzekelo, ngolwimi Russian namhlanje hayi unxulumano lwesemantiki amagama afana evarandeni (yendlu) kunye iphiko (intaka), ngenxa yokuba ngoku ezahlukeneyo ngokwexabiso. Noko ke, wawuqhutywa kwi Endala. Ngokusekelwe kwezi magama khange kwenzeke njengoko esukela yaye zivelisa.

Esinye isizathu sokuba utshintsho iqatshelwe isakhiwo morphemic - Isakhiwo isandi samazwi, abathe akusoloko uhlala okufanayo. Nantsi eminye imizekelo. Amagama lisibekele pillowcase, akrwiqilizwe, neengqimba - ingcambu efanayo, kodwa kufuneka isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo morphological. Ahlobene iziseko - imvulophu (ob Wolak willow-Th), pillowcase (on-to-yotsalo-a), amrholela (in nanini-a). A ilifu kwaye iqokobhe waba non-esukela, njengoko zitshintshile isiseko ilahleko ephilileyo "kwi". Modern zembali nokwakheka morphemic amazwi, ngoko kula macala akufani.

Esinye isizathu - ilahleko amagama anxulumene okanye neziseko yokuvelisa correlative kwisichazi-magama. Nantsi into Ningabazisi apha imizekelo ngolwimi Russian mihla iziseko non-esukela - umqhubi, sokutsala into ngentambo ihempe. Ngenxa yokuba, uphawu lwangoku luzakubekwa lehla correlative yezabelo iziseko (s - kokumisa endleleni; nedada - umngxuma kokuba handle igeza; miri - kwilaphu).

Modern zembali nokwakheka morphemic amagama kwezinye iimeko alufani ngenxa yokuba yokumiswa imveliso ye uhlobo nempembelelo kubume yamagama etymologically zodwa, okt iintlobo ezingezizo nemveliso. Umzekelo, iambrela na asemzini. Ekuqaleni ilizwi elo buqondwe njengoko ingcambu. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, xa umzekeliso ngamazwi Russian emlonyeni, umsila njl njl baqala amalungu zont- esekelwe (non-esukela) kunye -IR nesimamva.

utshintsho ngokwezembali ukwakhiwa morphemic amagama kwiimeko ezithile bayiqaphela wabhekisela ingxaki, ukuphinda-ukwanda kunye nesikhokelo lula. Sicacisa ngamnye kubo.

lula

It iya isiba umntu non-esukela amagama iziseko esukela. Kulo mzekelo, i yokugqibela ulahlekelwa chlenimost kwi morpheme. Lula ludlala indima ebalulekileyo lwimi. Ngenxa kuye, ukuba ahlanganiswe ingcambu amagama non-esukela. Xa ulwimi kukho amaziko amatsha wesiseko lizwi. Imizekelo: ... Impumelelo - et ngempumelelo al Spekhov-ucaphula njl, ukucula - ivuthiwe, njl Kwelinye icala, ngenxa lula izimamva derivational ibe udidi balala emqokozweni. Maxa wambi apho uze ugqibezele Ukunyamalala labo, nto leyo etshintsha ngakumbi isakhiwo morphemic. Umzekelo: ngamazwi iziseko amahasa yokuqala, uhlobo yokuqala, leyo, ngolwimi esetyenziswayo non-esukela, hayi yakhomba lo -p- nesimamva. Isimamva efanayo iwisiwe kwi umzalwana ngelizwi.

Izizathu lula

Kwachithwa igama lula olubangelwa shame Red Palace. Zaba non-livela kuba ezilahlekileyo ngexesha ukusetyenziswa uqhagamshelo luncedo loo mazwi apho ababekhe kwasekwa. Imizekelo: ihlazo - abukhali, obomvu (umbala) - ubuhle ebhotwe - eyadini.

nokwakheka Morphemic zonke izigaba zentetho itshintshile ngenxa iinkqubo phonetic kwi ngokwesiseko magama alandelayo: motley, nesimbo, abangasekhoyo. Baye ezilahlekileyo kwebala kunye ezisisiseko, kubani, yaye akukho mfuneko yokuba abenzi ukwaba morpheme eyahlukileyo (nemibala - ubhale nesimbo - ukuthwala, lo mntu ubhubhileyo - belele).

Izizathu ezikhokelela lula, unako ukusebenza ngexesha elinye, phambana. Ngenxa yazo zonke ezi nkqubo na isakhiwo esifanayo mihla kunye yimbali morphemic. Umzekelo, ukungabikho relatedness phakathi undoqo - ukutya - ityhefu, isandi - ukukhala, amaqhina - kono - Union - ulwimi - na isiphumo waphawula kuphela phakathi la mazwi, umsantsa lwesemantiki, kodwa ngenxa yeenguqu phonetic eziye zenzeka neziseko zazo.

re-ukwanda

Re-ukukhuliswa a ukwabiwa umntu ngaphakathi morpheme ilizwi, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba kwisiseko (ukuba ithe eseleyo) kumafa yayo ibalaselisa morpheme ethile. Umzekelo, izilwanyana, nefuthe abe Isimamva Inxalenye (hayi -skeleton), ethetha wabaphilileyo kokufakelwa umsebenzi wokwakha. Into yokuba izichazi ukuba avele kuwo (zhivny, nefuthe), azibhalwanga kusetyenziswa ulwimi mihla. Isimamva -nost- ukuze isimamva -ost- isuselwe. Yeyona indibanisela yale izimamva ezimbini: - n, leyo wanqanyulwa esisekweni isichazi kunye - umqolo.

Imfundo ye -nost -skeleton esukela - ukubonakaliswa uhlobo inkqubo ihamba kwakhona nokwandiswa neziseko zolwimi Russian. Yena mnye Ukuveliswa ifunxwe ngomnye, okanye dutywa enye okanye ezinye kwabo ibiselityatyambile. Umzekelo, intonga core, sinako ukuchonga isimamva -lisch-, equka kwamalungu ayo amanye le -l-. isimamva wokugqibela libhekisela ilizwi bababambise elichithwe zale mihla.

Kwakhona ukwanda unokuba phakathi ingcambu kunye nokunamathelana. Umzekelo, isenzi yasetyenziswa ukususa isimaphambili CH, nasekulilandeleni ingcambu -ya-. Namhlanje, eli gama yahlulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: c-AES (ezintlanu).

reexpansion intsingiselo

Inkqubo kwakhona nokwandiswa-elicebisa ulwimi yokuba kukho iindlela ezintsha affixes ukusekwa ngamazwi abe nexesha enemveliso. Amaninzi, le ndlela ukuyilwa izimamva amatsha: - ochk- (cost-nqaku-a), -ink- (uthuli-Inc.-a), -nost (noun-ukulunga). Yobeka phi ukuba kuvela consoles (obez-, nebez- ukuqonda), nto leyo zisisiphumo kokudityaniswa kwezinye consoles amabini (monkey-volet, nebez-Darney, ngaphantsi-view).

Isifaniso

Ukuze kwakhona ukwandiswa lula iziseko ngokufuthi kubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuchaza. By the yokugqibela kuthetha nokwenziwa iintlobo igama elinye simise elinye, ezinxulumene ngokwegrama. Ngenxa yakhe, bavame ukutshintsha nobuni morphemic amagama. Isifaniso - inkqubo zendalo ezehla ulwimi. iintlobo emqokozweni of kungamampunge kunye Ukuveliswa ngenxa wesenzo ifaniswa uhlobo oluthile iintlobo zemveliso kunye namagama. Xa oku kulahleka kwi yangaphambili morpheme chlenimost okanye ubhalo lwabo esukela.

Ngolwimi mihla Russian eziliqela iintlobo imvelaphi nyathelo mzekeliso yento. Ingakumbi, le ukuvalwa izibizo -s eliphakathi nobudoda, -s, -s (wahlala ah, ah-ndlu, indlu-s, s-SAT). Bavela ngenxa ngeendlela ezifanayo olunezibizo esobukhomokazi (iincwadi mna - Buffet kusasa, kunokuba kwetafile-th). Umphumo waba kwakhona ukwandiswa noseko lwalo (endaweni yeencwadi - iincwadi). Buyatshintsha isakhiwo kakhulu kwimbali morphemic.

Vor- evela kwingcambu yegama kwasekwa ukuvula. Oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa isimaphambili Isizalwane. Eli gama yathotyelwa kwimeko kwimpembelelo omnye - ukudala. Ngenxa yoko, efana ukuvula-ukudala isiseko yokuqala phantsi ukuphinda-ukwanda. Iqala ukubunjwa baba nengcinga njengokuba isimaphambili o-. Ngoko ulwimi olutsha isiseko igama Ukwakheka (nini-do phezu-do, wenze-iintlanga, njalo njalo. D.).

kama

Kwezinye iimeko, isenzo okanye isenzeko amagama afanayo ukuba ezinxulumene ukuba isiseko non-esukela, kukhokelela ekubeni ingxaki le yokugqibela. Ngenxa yoku, kuba livela, oko kukuthi, uqala ukwahlukanisa.

kwiingxaki inkqubo malunga kuxoxwa inkqubo contact lula. Le ukuguquka ibe yemvelaphi isiseko, leyo ngaphambili non-ithe. Nangakumbi, lo mfanekiso igama Russian abolekwe kulwimi isiFrentshi, baba nengcinga ekuqaleni non-ithe. Kodwa kanye kule nkqubo yeelwimi bethu yakhula yemalimboleko emva kwexesha engumkroli, ukrole kuyo "xaka". Eli gama yaba yemvelaphi. Imela iingcambu grav- kunye isimamva -ur-. Olu hlobo iinguqulelo ezininzi amagama mboleko. Umzekelo, isiphithiphithi, ebengumGrike ngokuzalwa, waba ngaphambili isiseko non-esukela. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba ulwimi nokunxulumene kuye anarchic, anarchical, anarchist, kunye nabanye. Waqala ukwabelana. Ngaloo kwasekwa non-esukela basis anarh- kunye nesimamva s j-.

morpheme sommandla

Imela ngaphandle, ngaphandle nesenzeko zikhankanywe apha ngasentla, kunye nokubekwa morpheme. Oku kwenzeka xa inxalenye abo bamba enye. Umzekelo, ukuba kunokwenzeka phakathi zeendawana kunye isimamva (ugesi - ugesi + izimvu Sverdlovskii - Sverdlovsk + isibhakabhaka). Nangona kunjalo, lo nokubekwa Soze yenzeke xa sithetha nengcambu console (Irtysh, Zaamure).

Lonke utshintsho ngentla apha kwisakhiwo igama (kwingxaki, kwakhona ukwanda, lula) bathi ekwakhiweni morphemic yatshintsha kwinkqubo yophuhliso ngembali ulwimi. Zonke ezi nguqu ukufunda etymology. Yitsho ephetha, amagama ambalwa ngayo.

etymology

Etymology - imfundiso imvelaphi yamagama ezahlukeneyo. kwazo zingafumaneka ngohlalutyo etymological. Inika ithuba ukufumana phandle i zembali ilizwi-yakheka bond, nto leyo isakhiwo original morphemic kule okanye lizwi, kwakunye nezizathu apho unenzondelelo utshintsho ukususela kwintshayelelo.