ZIS-5 iinkcukacha, kunye nenkcazo isixhobo

Namhlanje, iilori zisetyenziswa logistics. Ngoncedo lwabo ukuhambisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo okanye ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo kweenkonzo. cars Modern zixhotyiswe nge umthamo omkhulu umthwalo-ephethe i ngokoqobo ubuchwepheshe yakutshanje - it ikuvumela ukuba ukuqinisekisa intuthuzelo kunye nokhuseleko nomqhubi. Noko ke, ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II iilori nezenzo azenzileyo. Bathatha inxaxheba ngokugxotha lo izixhobo, iimbumbulu, ukutya kunye namanzi. Yintoni kuphela unikezelo lokutya ayingqinga iLeningrad iindleko. Abanye babo - ezi ZIS-5 ilori kaHomer. On kuya kuxoxwa.

Le imoto nge emcela umthamo iitoni 3 ngayo imveliso yesibini mass. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II wayengomnye kakhulu zithandwa. Le modeli kwizinto eziveliswa kule isityalo ogama emva Stalin ukususela ngowe-1933 ukuya 1948.

ngokutsha umntwana

Ekuqalekeni ube ekho "Otokar" - i-American, ayikho kakhulu kakuhle waziwa lelizwe ethandwa kakhulu, nto leyo eya Amo. Waba ilula kakhulu kubume, kunye nendleko baso ephantsi, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ngowe-1931, le Moscow Society of Automotive wasinda ngempumelelo langoku kuluntu kwaye emva koko ke izibonelelo ziye zaqala ibandla Amo-2 ezintsha. Yakha oomatshini ezisekelwe iiyunithi American neenxalenye. Ke kwabakho eninzi zokuguqulwa. Ungakhetha Amo-3. Le lori waba payload iitoni 2.5 - nokuba loo nto-33, waphinda phantsi uhlaziyo. Ngelo xesha, ulinike igama ndibatyale igama elitsha - i Stalin Plant. ZIS-5 isekelwe kwi Amo-3, kodwa sele kwi icandelo zasekhaya kwisiseko.

Nebhetshi yokuqala iikopi-10 kuphela. Swa ibandla elasekwa ekupheleni kweminyaka 33 engabonisanga imoto prototype. Uyilo yayilula kakhulu, ngoko ibandla nakanjani. Xa uthotho imoto ayiphumelelanga ukuqala ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.

igama layo ethandwa, wambiza kuphela ngokuthi "trehtonka" ZIS-5 ngelori yaye ngenxa umthamo wayo. I-Red Army wayebizwa umatshini ngentlonelo - "Zakhar Ivanovich."

Yona design, oko eyahlukileyo akukho ezinye iimodeli iminyaka yemfazwe. Le nemoto zakudala. Ekuphuhliseni inxaxheba iinjineli ekhokelayo, kunye nomsebenzi lwaqhutywa phantse ngokupheleleyo "ekuqaleni". Ugxininiso oluphambili, esemayo phambi iinjineli liye landa maintainability kunye nokusebenziseka ubuninzi. Noko ke, kwafuneka ukuba ukuphucula iimpawu ngengingqi kunye nomthwalo umthamo.

ZIS-5: unit

Uyilo yayilula, ukuba likumgangatho ophantsi. Lo matshini ibe iinxalenye 4500. Baye becala ezenziwe elingqukuva intsimbi, intsimbi kunye neenkuni. Ibattery imoto ibe nayo ubuncinane izixhobo. Hardware, kunye mountings ezibe ubukhulu ezilithoba, kwaye kubhunyula imisonto phezu kwabo akunakwenzeka. zonke iibheringi 29 ezazisetyenziswa kwisixhobo.

Kodwa ke elula le ZIS-5 (imoto) kwakunzima mihla ngelo xesha. Okubandakanyiweyo yaba zokuqalisa yombane, uhlobo uvalo impompo yamafutha, itanki amafutha ngaphantsi ukuyilawula. yokutshintsha i-oyile eveliswe yi-1200 km, kodwa hayi kwi-600, njengoko kwezinye imifanekiso. Mileage ngaphandle kwesidingo lolungiso ezingundo yaba km 70 000.

uphuculo oluqhubekayo

Ngexesha iinjineli ukuphuculwa ukuphuhlisa nokuphumeza kwimpahla yentsimbi ye injini entsha ZIS-5. Amo G, yaye "American" yafakwa nge-itankana ezintandathu "uMofokeng." Wabanika amahashe 60 2000 Rev / min. Kuba "Zakhar Ivanovich," eli gunya akwanelanga.

Ngoko ke kwaye kwagqitywa ukunyusa ubungakanani lombhobho. Umphumo waba kunazo - amandla liye landa iilitha 76. a. Ngoko ke, "oko trehtonka" waba ngomnye lori inamandla ngelo xesha.

Iyunithi amandla kwaba ethembakeleyo kakhulu. Yena ngokulinganayo basebenza na isibaso. Yena akwazi ukusebenza ngempumelelo nokuba separafini. Xa ke shushu, umphunga akukho kubi ngaphezu ipetroli.

Ebusika,-mveliso yezityalo, bathele ipetroli kungena iisilinda kancinci. Kuba oku kufuneka ukhulule plug yintlantsi. Ke amakhandlela babuya umva, yaye kuphela emva kwezi zazo wajika iinqanam ucinezelo. Akubuzwa ukuba iyunithi iye yafika phantse isiqingatha-ithuba.

transmission

Endala ne-CAT injini entsha ngokucacile wala ukusebenza, ngoko kwafuneka ukuba ukudala ngokukhawuleza design entsha. Ngoko ke, ukufumana kwindawo entsha iigiyeri ezine, endaweni ka-amathathu, njengoko le modeli odlulileyo. Gear ratio ye bhokisi yaba 6.6, lo gama ukosuleleka eliyintloko lelo nani - 6.4. Oku kwenza ZIS-5 erhuqwayo ndiwele iitoni ezili-16, ngaloo ndlela injini okwenziwe Isantya - 1700 Rev / min kunye yayisebenza - 4.3 km / h.

transmission yokuqala esetyenziswa kuphela off-endleleni okanye ngaphantsi imithwalo ubuninzi. Ngendlela, ukuba permeability le ZIS-5 kwakukuhle. injini Low isantya, a ngempumelelo, ukucoca umhlaba eliphezulu 260 mm. Imoto ukuba kudlula apho abanye wanamathela nje.

Gears e nawo eziyilwe entsha eqhagamshelwe kwizikhondo eliphakathi ayikho emveli, kodwa ngoncedo splines. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuphucula ulungelelwaniso amagiya.

Le modeli yangaphambili "Brown & Laipu" waba design elula. Kukho Gears nje etyalwe square bawa.

umphini ongathembekanga, oko axhotyiswe amalungu amathathu kunye nenkxaso intermediate, kutshintshwa elula. Wayebalasele yi yeehenjisi ezimbini. Baba lula yaye kungabinandleko ukuvelisa.

chassis

Abaninzi beyiseka ukuba isisu semoto isigadla kunokuba buthathaka. Ramu kwakunzima ukwahlukana, loo nto angazange aguqe. Noko ke, kunokuba lula kakhulu baxabane. Umzekelo, ivili ukuba omnye bawa phezu amaqhuma endleleni.

spring nzima akazange azise nayiphi na inzuzo. Kodwa loo nezimo yayifunyenwe ngenxa iteknoloji ekhethekileyo unyango ubushushu. Sleepers, kunye nezinye malungu esingenanto kunye namalungu endawo yokwayama ngokusebenzisa iwelding eqhelekileyo, riveted. Ukuba ukufeza ulungiso kusetyenziswa oomatshini iintsimbi, oko kakhulu buthathaka kuyo.

igumbi lokulala enqanaweni

Ngexesha lemfazwe, ezo njineli abajongene nalo msebenzi, ukuba lula ulwakhiwo ndlwana. Waba eyenziwe ngomthi kunye ngamaplanga. Wings ikhutshwa phandle ehlelayo bhetyebhetye, phambi kokuba imfazwe, ukuba ngenqindi. It wachithwa okuphambili ekunene. Emva kwemfazwe, kakade, iseti epheleleyo kubuyela esiqhelweni.

Amagqabantshintshi indlela mgangathweni njengoko njengemizekelo namhlanje ngayo iilori, kodwa ukhethe ngelo xesha engenaso kuyimfuneko. intuthuzelo Pro kwakhona awukhumbuli. Ukulingana phakathi ivili kunye ukuyilawula, ube lula kakhulu banxibe. Kwakungekho isandi ubushushu imoto - ukuva omnye komnye, kwafuneka ukuba ukukhwaza.

Ndlwana yafakwa kunye nenkqubo umoya, kodwa kwakungekho isitovu. Ke ukuba iglasi leyo frosted phezu, kwafuneka ukusebenzisa umoya. Nangona kunjalo, lo ndlwana ngokugqibeleleyo umoya ngendlela yemvelo - kwakukho eninzi ukuqhekeka.

inkqubo unyathela

Modern iziqhoboshi hydraulic ezazingekho zokwakha. Bona kubonelelwa, kodwa kuthi ngexesha lemfazwe wayengekho imiqulu eziyimfuneko brake fluid. Ngoko ke, ilori ukuba kunganqanda iziqhoboshi ngasemva ngoomatshini. Hi ndlela leyi, le lori entle motor wayaphula. Kufuneka ukuba umqhubi lula kuphela uxinzelelo igesi, okanye ngokupheleleyo ukususa umlenze wakhe, njengoko imoto kwathotha phantsi ngoko nangoko. Emva kwemfazwe, i hydraulics kunjalo ifakiwe.

iimpawu technical

ZIS-5 model 30 xa umthamo iyunithi amandla zeelitha 5.5 wayenikela 73 l umthamo. kunye, ngoko emva kokugqitywa - 76, kwaye emva kwemfazwe - 85 l. a. Abane PPC bavunyelwe balungise traction elibalaseleyo. truck ubunzima 3100 kg kunye santya siphezulu, nto leyo kufikelelwe, waba 60 km / h. amafutha akwazi zisukela Iilitha ezingama-30 ukuya 33 kweekhilomitha ezili-100 nganye.

Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo umatshini unokuwisa ngokulula iivesi ezi ukuya ku-0.6 m ubunzulu. ithambeka obukhulu wokuwalayisha epheleleyo yi-15%. itanki yezibaso ukuba umthamo we-60 l.

Eli joni, osebenza nzima, mqambi

Ngowe-41 airstrike lwaqhutywa kwi-Plant. Stalin. It wayalelwa ukuba arhoxe ngokupheleleyo yonke imveliso. Uhlelo '42 kwakhona waqalwa. ezi iilori ukwenza ezahlukahlukeneyo imisebenzi ngasemva kwaye ngaphambili. Bus kwakukho akunjalo, kodwa umzimba imoto ekunokungena abantu abangama-25. Bayithatha nezikhali, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Aba matshini bakwazi ukuthatha amasoldati Red Army ukuya eBerlin kunye umva.

E Moscow, i ilori eyenziwe kunyaka-48. Iqela yokugqibela mayixhotyiswe unit entsha - ZIS-120. iikopi iilori kuphela malunga nezigidi wadalelwa eSoviet Union. Le moto umsebenzi kakhulu elincinane neembila elide kakhulu kwaye inzima kakhulu. Namhlanje, aba engasekho kubonakala phezu ezindleleni. Baye yasinda mhlawumbi kwiimyuziyam okanye ngokuqokelela zabucala. Ukuba ufuna nyani, unako ukwenza imodeli encinci le ZIS-5 imoto. Imizobo ezi kwinqaku lethu - oku ngamava umdla kakhulu.

Ngoko ke ndicinge ukuba imbali kunye nokubalulwa le ZIS lori.