Zingaphi iibits kwi-byte? Yintoni enye kunye ne-byte?

Zonke iifoto, amaxwebhu obhaliweyo kunye neenkqubo zigcinwa kwimemori yekhompyutheni ngendlela yemigqomo kunye ne-bytes. Ziziphi iincwadana ezincinci zolwazi kunye nawaphi amaninzi kwi-byte?

Ukugcina idatha kwimemori

Imemori yekhompyutheni iyimqoqo enkulu yeeseli ezizaliswe nge-zeros kunye nazo. Iselula ngumlinganiselo osisiseko wedatha umfundi angafikelela kuyo. Ngokwenyama, kuyisisusa (kwiikhomputha zanamhlanje). I-trigger incinci kangangokuba kunzima ukubona nakwi-microscope. Iseli nganye inedilesi ekhethekileyo, apho ifumana inkqubo ethile.

Ngaphantsi kweseli kwiimeko ezininzi, qonda i-byte enye. Kodwa, ngokuxhomekeke ekubunjeni kancinane kwakhiwo, lingadibanisa i-2, 4 okanye i-8 byte. I-Byte ibonwa ngamacandelo e-elektroniki ngokubanzi, kodwa eqinisweni iqukethe iiseli ezincinci - iibits. Ngo-1 byte, unokwenza umgca umgca, umzekelo, ileta okanye inombolo, ngelixa i-1 bit ayanele ngokwale nto.

Abalawuli abaqhelekanga basebenze ngeempawu ezihlukeneyo, nangona kunjalo le nto inokwenzeka. Endaweni yoko, ifikelela kwii-ortes ezipheleleyo okanye nakwii-byte.

Yintoni e ncinane?

Ngokuqhelekileyo into eqondwa njengeyunithi yokulinganisa ulwazi. Le ngcaciso ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuchanekileyo, kuba ingqiqo yolwazi iyancipha. Ukuba uthetha ngokuchanekileyo, i-bit yileta ye-alphabet yekhompyutha. Igama elithi "bit" livela kwiNgesi yegama elithi "idijithi yebinary", okoqobo ithetha "idijithali yokubhinqa".

Iilfabhethi zeekhompyutheni zilula kwaye ziqukethe iisimboli ezimbini: 1 no-0 (ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwesigxina, okwenyaniso okanye buxoki). Oku kusetyenziswe okwaneleyo ukuchaza yonke into, nantoni na. Urhulumente wesithathu, apho umntu eqonda ukuthula kwekhompyutheni (ukumisa ukuhanjiswa kweempawu), inkolelo.

Ileta ngokwayo ayithathi naluphi na uhlobo ngokwemigaqo yolwazi: ukujonga iyunithi okanye i-zero, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda nokuba uluphi uhlobo lwedatha eli xabiso lithetha kuyo. Iifoto, kunye neetekisi, kunye neeprojekthi ekugqibeleni ziqukethe iiyunithi kunye neeros. Ngoko ke, le nto ayinakwenzeka njengeyunithi ezimeleyo. Ngoko ke, iimpawu kufuneka zidibaniswe ukuze zifake ulwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nabo.

Yintoni i-byte?

Ukuba ibinana itekisi, i-byte yinto yegama. Enye ye-byte ingaqukatha isimboli esibhaliweyo, inombolo, inxalenye yenani elikhulu, amanani amancinane amabini, njl njl. Ngako oko, i-byte isele iqulethe ulwazi olunentsingiselo, nangona ixabiso elincinci.

Abaqali beprogram kunye nabasebenzisi abanobuchule banomdla kwizinto ezili-1 ze-bits. Kwiikhompyutheni zanamhlanje, enye i-byte isoloko ilingana neebhozo ezisibhozo.

Ukuba inxalenye inokukwazi ukuthatha ixabiso lembini kuphela, ngoko udibaniso lwezibhozo ezisibhozo lunokudibanisa ukuhlanganiswa oku-256. Inombolo 256 yenziwe ngokukwakhiwa komqhamo kwinqanaba lesibhozo (ngokuhambelana neendlela ezininzi ezithathwe kwi-byte).

Enye inqaku li-1 okanye 0. Iimbalo ezimbini zingadala ukudibanisa: 00, 01, 10 no-11. Xa kuziwa kuma-8 bits, ke ikhetho lokudibanisa ii-zero kunye no-00000000 ... 11111111 nje ngu-256. , Zingaphi iimali ezingathatha kwaye zingaphi iibhittshi ziqulethwe kwi-byte enye, kwaye ukukhumbula le nombolo kuya kuba lula kakhulu.

Inxalenye nganye yeempawu zingaphatha ulwazi oluhlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwi-encoding (ASCII, Unicode, njl). Yingakho abasebenzisi bajongene nenyaniso yokuba ulwazi olufakwe ngolwimi lwesiRashiya maxa wambi lubonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lweempawu ezinqabileyo.

Iimpawu zenkqubo yebinary

Inkqubo yebhinari inamapropati afanayo kunye nama-decimal aqhelekileyo: amanani aqulethwe kunye kunye neefer anganakongezwa, asuswe, aphindiswe, njl. Ukwahlukana kuphela kukuba inkqubo ayiquki i-10, kodwa kuphela Inombolo eneenombolo ezi-2. Yingakho kulungele ukusetyenziswa ukubethela ulwazi.

Kuyo nayiphina inkqubo yenkalo ye-calculus amanani anamadijithi: iiyunithi, amashumi, amakhulu, njl Ukwandisa ubude. Ngokomzekelo, inani eliqhelekileyo le-9 liya kubhalwa njenge-1001. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi zithoba ziza kubhalwa ngeempawu ezine, kunye nesimboli esisodwa esibonisa ibhondi enye.

Kutheni le nkcazelo ibhalwe ngefomathi kwifom yebhinqa?

Inkqubo ye-Decimal ikulungele igalelo kunye nesiphumo solwazi, kwaye ibinary ukulungiselela inkqubo yenguqu yayo. Kwakhona ziyaziwa kakhulu iinkqubo eziqulethe iibalo ezilishumi elinesibhozo kunye nesithandathu: ziguqulela ikhowudi yomshishini ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Inkqubo yokubhinqa ibhetele kakhulu ukusuka kwinqanaba leembono. Iyunithi ngokusemthethweni ichaza "ewe": kukho umqondiso, inyaniso yinyaniso, njl. Zero idibene nexabiso "akukho": ixabiso linyani, akukho mqondiso, njl. Nayiphi na umbuzo ovulekileyo unokuguqulwa ibe ngumbuzo omnye okanye ngaphezulu kunye neempendulo ezahlukeneyo "ewe "Okanye" akukho ". Inketho yesithathu, umzekelo, "engaziwayo", ayiyi kuba yinto engenamsebenzi.

Ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji yekhompyutheni, amandla okugcina amanani amathathu eenkcukacha, ezibizwa ngokuba yimithambo, zaphuhliswa. Bangakwazi ukuthatha iziqhamo ezintathu: 0 - amandla asinalutho, 1 - amandla anesiqingatha ngokupheleleyo kunye no-2 - amandla ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yebhanari yajika ibe yinto elula kwaye ingqiqweni, ngoko ke yafumana ukuthanda kakhulu.

Zingaphi iibhitethi kwi-byte ngaphambili?

Ngaphambili kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthetha ngokungagqibekanga ukuba mangaphi amaninzi kwi-byte. Ekuqaleni, i-byte yayiqondwa njengegama lomshini, oko kukuthi, inani leebhakthi ikhompyutha inokuyisebenzisa kwinkqubo yokusebenza enye (umjikelezo). Xa iikhompyutyhi zazingenakulungeleka kwii-worksstations, abahlukeneyo be-microprocessors basebenzisana nama-oct of different size. I-byte ingaquka i-bits 6, kwaye iimodeli zokuqala ze-IBM zinebukhulu be-9 bits.

Namhlanje, ii-8-bit bytes ziye zaziqhelana kakhulu kangangokuba nangona kwintetho ye-byte kudlalwa ukuba le yunithi yenkcazelo equkethe i-8 bits. Nangona kunjalo, kwiqela lezakhiwo zobugcisa, i-byte ilingana nama-32 bits kwaye isebenza njengegama lomatshini. Ezi zakhiwo zakhiwo zisetyenziselwa kwezinye iinguqu eziphezulu kunye neeprojekti zesevisi, kodwa kungekhona kwiikhomputha, ii-laptops kunye neefowuni eziphathekayo eziqhelekileyo kuthi.

Kutheni uzuze umgangatho wesibhozo?

Ii-bytes zathengi ubungakanani bebhitshi eziyi-8 ngenxa yesikhulumi se- IBM PC enepropathi ye-Intel 8086 ethandwa kakhulu kwi-Intel 8086. Ukwanda kwelo mzekelo kubangele ukuba kuma-1970, Iibhitethi ezili-8 kwi-byte ngokwenene zaba yixabiso eliqhelekileyo.

Umgangatho wesibhozo osi-8 uyakulungeleka ukuba kukuvumela ukuba ugcine iimpawu zenkqubo yesibini kwi-byte. Ngenkqubo ye-bit-bit, enye idijithi ingagcinwa, ngelixa ii-bits ezimbini zingabonakali. Kwimibhobho eyi-9, unobhala iinombolo ezi-2, kodwa kusekho enye inye eyongeziweyo. Inombolo 8 yimbuso yesithathu yabini, enika ukongeza okulula.

Iindawo zokusebenzisa iibits kunye nee-bytes

Abasebenzisi abaninzi bayazibuza: njani ukungadibanisi i-bit kunye ne-byte? Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele indlela okubhaliweyo ngayo: i-byte echanekileyo ibhaliwe ngendlela ye-capital "B" (ngesiNgesi - "B"). Ngako oko, ukubonisa ibinzana elincinci "b" ("b").

Nangona kunjalo, kunokuhlala kunokwenzeka ukuba irejista ayikhethiweyo ngokuchanekileyo (umzekelo, ezinye iinkqubo ziguqulela ngokuzenzekelayo zonke izitishi zibe yincinci okanye i-footprase). Kule meko, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba kuqhelekileyo ukulinganisa kwiibits, kwaye yintoni-kwi-bytes.

Ngokwesiko umlinganiselo wemilinganiselo: ubungakanani be disk ekhuni, i-flash drive kunye nayiphi na enye imidiya iya kuchazwa kwi-bytes kunye neeyunithi ezikhulisiweyo, umzekelo, iigigabyte.

Iibitshi zikwazi ukulinganisa isantya. Isixa solwazi esityhulwa ngumzila, isantya se-intanethi, njl njl. Zilinganiswa kwiibits kunye namacandelo afunyenweyo, umzekelo, i-megabits. Ijubane lokukhuphela iifayile lihlala liboniswa kwiibitshi.

Ukuba unqwenela, unokuguqula ii-bits kwi-bytes okanye ngokukodwa. Ukwenza oku, kukwanele ukukhumbula ukuba zininzi iibhittshi zikhona, kwaye wenze ukubalwa kwemathematika elula. Izitshixo ziguqulwa zibe yi-bytes ngokuhlula ngo-sibhozo, ukuguqulelwa okuguquguqukayo kwenziwa ngokuphindaphinda ngenani elifanayo.

Liliphi igama lomshini?

Igama lomatshini ulwazi olugcinwe kwindawo yokukhumbula. Yona kulandelelwaniso oluninzi lweeyunithi zolwazi oluqhutywe ngokupheleleyo.

Ubude begama lihambelana nobungakanani beprojekthi, elalide ixesha elide liyi-16 bits. Kwiikhompyutyana ezininzi zanamhlanje, ziyi-64 bits, nangona zifutshane (ama-32 bits), kunye namazwi omatshini amaninzi. Kule meko, inani leebhakti igama elisekhompyutheni lihlala liphindwe kabini kwaye linokuguqulwa kalula libe yi-bytes.

Kwikhomputha ethile, igama elide lingaguqukanga kwaye lilingani leminye impawu ebalulekileyo ye "hardware".