Ingqununu iyunithi yolwazi

Inxalenye yunithi yeyunithi yemali yolwazi. UClaude Shannon wacebisa ukuba usebenzisa ixesha elide ngo-1948 ukukhetha iyunithi yolwazi. Ngoku siza kuxubusha imbali kunye nomxholo wale ngqiqo ngokubanzi.

Yintoni le?

Ukuba sithetha ngendlela igama elithi "bit" eliguqulelwe ngayo, liphi uhlobo lombono, kwaye yintoni ephuma kuyo, kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba inombolo yegama lesiNgesi yokudibanisa ibinari, apho ivela khona ixesha, livela kwisiNgesi kwaye ithetha inombolo yebhinqa. Ukongezelela, kukho umdlalo othile wamagama. Ingqungquthela ingqungquthela okanye inxalenye.

Ukuba sinokuqwalasela ukuba enye inxalenye yekhowudi yebinary ingathabatha ixabiso elimbini kuphela elingafakiyo: ewe / akukho, 1/0, sinokufumana enye inkcazelo. Ngaloo ndlela, ncinane inani leenkcukacha ezenza kube lula ukuphendula umbuzo owenziwe yinkqubo. Kwi-elekthronikhi, enye ibinzana ibinzana ihambelana nomntu oyedwa onobunzima obunobumba obunamabini azinzileyo.

Iintlobo

Ngoko, sinokugqiba ukuba enye yinto iyunithi elinganayo neyodwa enye kwinkqubo yenani elibini . Ukuphunyezwa kabini kwimizimba yebhanari enye kunokwenzeka. Isangqa esisodwa sithatha ukusetyenziswa kwesiphumo esisodwa sebhanki, kunye nenqanaba le-zero linokuthi lubini isalathisi "0" kunye nokungasebenzi komsebenzi wesiphaluka.

Kananjalo, inqanaba eliphezulu lijongene nomqondiso "1" kunye nokusebenza ngokugcwele kwesekethe. Ibinzana lamagatya amabini libandakanya ukusebenzisa zombini iziphumo ze-binary trigger. Kwimeko yesiphaluka esisebenzayo, elinye lamanqanaba ama-2 liphakamileyo, okwesibini liphantsi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izinga eliphezulu lazo zombini iingcingo, kwakunye nezinga eliphantsi zombini zombini lubonisa ukuhluleka kwesiphaluka.

Ukudluliswa kwedatha

Ukuba sithetha ngeteknoloji yekhompyutheni, kunye neenethiwekhi zokudlulisa idatha, ngokuqhelekileyo ixabiso lezero kunye neeyunithi zihanjiswa ngokusebenzisa amaqondo ahlukeneyo ombane okanye okwangoku. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwintsimi yekhompyutheni yekhompyutheni, ngokukodwa xa ifikelele kumgangatho kunye namaxwebhu, igama elithi "bit" lisetyenziswa rhoqo ngomqondo we "digitary binary". Kuyathakazelisa ukuba i-quog analog (q-bit) yaba yinto efana nekhompyutheni ye- quantum .

Byte

Ukuqokelela idatha kwikhompyutheni, equkethe iibits 8, kuthiwa yi-byte. Ziyi-8 bits eziyintloko zokumela iimpawu ezithile, umzekelo, incwadi "A". Kwakhona le xabiso ivumela ukuba isebenze nge-arithmetic yamabhinari. Ngamanye amagama, i-byte ngumyalelo omnene ojongene nenkcukacha ethile kwifayile ethile.

Kule meko, nganye yeeets idilesi ekhethekileyo kwimemori yekhompyutheni yakho. Izibini kunye nee -tes zibe nombolo kwi-0-7 kwaye ziqwalaselwa ukusuka kwesokudla ukuya kwesobunxele. Umzekelo, ukuba usebenzisa inombolo ye-bit 76543210, ixabiso layo liza kuba ngu-01000001, kwaye xa ikhowudi yenkcazelo enikeziweyo ikhutshwe kumshicileli, incwadi eqhelekileyo "A" iya kwenziwa.

Sigxininisa ukuba inani lee-bits ezifakwe kwi-byte elilodwa alinqabileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa umyalelo ungena kwi-byte, ikhompyutheni yakho iyakuhlola, kwaye ukuba inani leebhanki ezinikwe amandla, le nkqubo ibika iphutha. Ngokubhekiselele kwimpazamo yobumbano, inokubangelwa ukuhluleka kwe-hardware okanye into eyenzekayo, kodwa oku kwenzeka kakhulu kunqabile.

Xa idatha iqhutyelwa kwikhompyutheni yomntu, ezininzi iimpompo zombane zidlula kwiidiskhi zombane. Izijikelezo ezifanayo ziquka abaqhubi abakhethekileyo, kunye namasango angqondo, okubizwa ngokuba ngamadivayisi amancinci. Kule meko, iimpembelelo ezidlulayo kwiipavini ziyakwazi "ukucima". Siyabulela kule nto, idatha iyacutshungulwa. Ekugqibeleni, kwakhona kwakhona, khumbula ukuba le nto, okokuqala, iyunithi encinci yolwazi, esiyifunde kancinane malunga nayo.