ZIL-134: iinkcukacha

I-ZIL-134 i-trekta eneenjongo ezininzi, eyenziwe kwi-50s yekhulu lokugqibela e-USSR. Imoto yayiye yahlukeka kubakho benani lezinto ezintsha kwiinkqubo zexesha, ezifana nokumiswa kwamanxeba amaninzi, ukunyuka kwamanani kwamanani kunye nabanye. Ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwele teknoloji kwiminyaka emininzi, kulindeleke ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zeenqwelo-moya zasemakhaya eziphezulu.

Imibutho yoyilo lwezityalo ezininzi kwi-USSR, ekuqaleni kwe-1950s, yaqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza nokwakha izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwisebe lezokukhusela. Phakathi kwale mibutho yayisisityalo se SKB Likhachev. Intloko ye-ofisi yayiyinjini eyaziwayo uVitaly Grachev.

Imoto yendawo yonke

Ngama-1955, phantsi kolawulo lukaGrachev, iingcali ze-ZIL zenza umzekelo wokuhlola weTrekta ye-ZIS-E134. Waba ngumboniso we "nombolo" kwaye wayenemisebenzi engavamile kunye neempawu zobugcisa. Ukuba namava ekudibaneni izixhobo ezinjalo, abasebenzi bee-design baqala ukuphuhlisa i-ZIL-134. Kwacetywayo ukuba le moto iya kuba ngetrekta ephakathi ye-ATK-6.
Isithuthi esine-axle yonke yesithuthi, ifom yevili elise-8x8, lenzelwe ukukhwela iithayiphu ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinomlinganiselo ongama-6 kwiimitha ezibuhlungu. Kwindawo efihla imoto ithatha ama-7,2 eetoni zeesisindo. Endleleni enomthwalo onzima - imithwalo kunye neendlela zokufikelela kwiitoni eziyi-15. Ukongeza, abantu abafikelela kwi-8 bangahlala ngaphakathi kwithuthi, kunye ne-4 tons of cargo. Ezi mfuno zaye zahambelana kuphela ngeteknoloji yecaterpillar.

Nangona kunjalo, iinjineli zakwazi ukuvelisa into ekhethekileyo. Kuyilo lweZIL-134, iingcali zezobugcisa ziye zaphumelela ekuphunyezweni iingcamango eziphambili kunye eziphambili, ezazisetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa. Ukuqinisekisa ubuchule obuphezulu beendlela ezihamba phambili, ibhuloho nganye yokuqhuba imoto yayikude kumgama omnye. Ngoko, iibhuloho ezine zifakwe kwixesha elingu-1450 mm.

Ikhabini kunye nezixhobo zalo

I-cockpit yayilungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo ngaphambili. Iyunithi yamandla ifakwe emva kwayo. I-Overhangs kumabini omabini ayengancinci. Isakhelo sesiteji esenziwe ngezinto eziqinileyo ezinokwakheka ngokukhawuleza zichasene nemithwalo enzima kakhulu. Iqonga, elenzelwe ukubala kwamanani, linakho ukuxhotyiswa nge-arcs, kunye nentente. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, konke oku kunokucinywa.

Isimo sezulu esifanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwekhabini kubagibeli abathathu (okwakubonakala ngendlela ebonakalayo) kugcinwe izitofu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokupholisa inkunkuma yamandla. Izitulo zokuhlala kunye neengqolowa ziba lula kwiindawo ezimbini apho ungalala ngokukhululekile. I-trailer ye-ZIL phezu kophahla yekhabini yayinomkhombe.

Ngaphantsi kwehood

Imoto iyitrakta ezine ezine-axles zokuqhuba kunye ne-wheel drive ye-8x8. Amasondo amabini angaphambili aphephekayo. Kwi sityalo, injini yaveliswa ngokukodwa kule moto. Ngaphantsi kwendawo ye-hood kwakukho injini ye-ZIL-134 V12-i-unit ye-petroli, eyayiqala ukufakela emva kwe-E134. Umthamo we-12-cylinder monster yayingu-10.4 ilitha. Injini ye-injini - 240 hp Ngokuqhelekileyo, iyunithi yamandla yayingumzekelo we-E-80 ene-V-shayil ene-V eyayiyi-E180. Ngazo zonke izinto ezintsha ezenziwayo kule injini, zasebenza ngokungaqinisekiyo.
Ngenxa yeengxaki ezingapheliyo kunye neengxaki ezingekho kwinkqubo yokutshaya, iiplavines kunye neepiston zihlala zitshiswa. Kwakhona, indlela yokuvala ixesha yahluleka. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuphazamiseka rhoqo kweendawo zokuncedisa kubonwa, baqhekeza baze batshise i-gaskets kwintloko ye-cylinder. Ngamandla anamandla amabutho angama-240, inani langempela lalingama 200 hp kuphela. Oku kwakungekho okwaneleyo ukufumana ukulandelelana okufunekayo kunye neentshukumo.

Iimpawu zoqobo kwiloyilo

Isityalo sinezixhobo ezintsha kunye neendlela-zisekuqaleni. Esi sihlungi se-centrifugal sokucoca kakuhle, i-hydropushers. Uyilo lusebenzisa i-starter inertial, i-pre-heater, isebenza zombini kunye ne-petroli. Yenza kube lula ukuqala injini ebandayo. Injini yaxhotyiswa ne-clutch shut-off clutch. Kwakulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye neelencers ezimbini kunye netanki yokwandisa.

Twin brother

Ngaphandle, le imoto iphinda iphinde iphindwe imigca kunye neempawu zeMinsk yonke imoto ye-wheel MAZ-535.

Le nqubo yaveliswa kwiNdibano yeMinsk kunye neBlack Bureau ngonyaka ka-1954. Iikopi zokuqala zee-serial zapapashwa kwi-61. Imoto yaveliswa iminyaka emithathu, emva koko yatshintshwa yimizekelo yecandelo leetrekta elinamandla kakhulu. Ukwahluka kwakukuphela kwento yokwenza ubugcisa, kwaye kwangoko kwancinci.

Ukutshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo

Ukuqhutyelwa kwe-ZIL-134 kwaxhaswa kakhulu ngokufumaneka kwe-othomathikhi-ewe, kunjalo. Ingakumbi ibandakanyekayo ibhokisi yebhobho yokuzenzekelayo kwiindlela. Ukuthunyelwa kwesi sithuthi sonke semimandla kwakunamaqhina amabini - i-hydrotransformer, kunye nebhokisi yamagatya ngamanyathelo amathathu. CAT - uhlobo lweeplanethi.

Ukutya okufanayo kwendibano ukuya kwi-axles yokuqhuba ukuqhutyelwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ibini leebhokisi ezimbini zokuhambisa. Kule meko, kwakukho umsebenzi woxhumo oluhlukileyo lweebhokisi eziphambili nangaphambili.
Ukwahlukana kwiimigodi eziphambili zeesiteji zazixhotywe nge-mechanical type interlock. Emva kancinci kwithektri ye-ZIL ibeke iindawo ezihlukeneyo zokuzimela. Ngezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo, iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zazisetyenziswa.

Kwiimoto zangaphambili zamasondo ezisetyenziselwa iiplani zamabhola zePts, i-featurets yayo yinto ehambelana ngayo. Ukwandisa imvume kwi-470 mm, ii-wheel hubs zixhotywe ngeempahla.

Iimpawu zokuhamba

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwindlela-ndlela kunye neendawo ezinzima loo moto inikwe ukumiswa kokuzimela. Iinjineli zasebenzisa inkqubo ye-lever-torsion kunye ne-telescopic absorck absorbers. Inkqubo yokumiswa yayiyi-220 mm. I-hydraulic amplifier enamandla yayisetyenziselwa ukujikeleza ezimbini zombini zevili.

I-Brake system kunye nerabha

Kwimoto enzima yayinganciphisa kwiimeko ezibucayi, iinjineli zaphuhlisa iibhuleki ezikhethekileyo. Ngoko ke, umatshini uxhotyiswe ngeendlela zokuguqa izihlangu. Njengoko i-drive yabo isetyenziselwa i-pneumohydraulic system.

Imoto yayixhotyiswe ngamathayi akhethekileyo eneendonga ezincinci. Isiqalo sabo sinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ubukhulu beerobha ngu-16.00-20.00. Uxinzelelo phakathi kwabo luqala ukusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-1,25 kg / cm2. Iqondo lokunyanzeliswa ligcinwe kwaye litshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ephakathi. Oku kukuchaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo iimpawu zokupasa nokuqhuba iimoto zetrakta. Iloli liyakwazi ukuhamba nangona ivili laligqitywe okanye lumbago.

Umatshini wawuxhotywe ngombhobho wembambano kunye nomatshini wokubeka ikhefu kunye nokukhutshwa kanyanzelwanga kwekhebula. Yayifakelwa phakathi kwe-axle yokuqhuba yesithathu. Amandla okusebenza kunye neempawu zendlela yokuqhuba imoto zaphuculwe ngenxa yokungabikho kwamalungu atyhila phantsi kunye ne-pallet elula. Umzimba utywinwe ngokupheleleyo, owamvumela ngisho nezithintelo zamanzi kule moto.

Kwiimvavanyo

Ngobusika ka-1957, kwaye emva kwentwasahlobo, iimoto ezimbini zakhiwe yiengcaphephe zecandelo loyilo lwe-Likhachev. Babonisa iziphumo ezintle kwiimvavanyo. I-ATK-6 iteknoloji yamandla angaphaya kweendlela ezigqithise kakhulu imodeli ye-serial yesityalo se-ZIL-157. Ukuguqulwa kwaye kwathonyelwa ngamandla kwiphepha levili (1450 + 1450 mm). I-ATV yayingaphantsi kobuhle kumamodeli. Ngokubhekiselele kwisantya esiphezulu sendlela, imoto idlulile i-ZIL-157 kunye ne-GAZ-47 kunye ne-AT-C izithuthi. Ngomthwalo opheleleyo itrektare inokusinqoba ngokukhawuleza ukuphakama kwama-degrees angama-40, imigxobhozo ebanzi ububanzi be-1.5 m, i-escarp ngokuphakama kwe-1 m.

Ngenxa yezindlu ezitywinwe ngokupheleleyo, umatshini ogqithiseleyo ogqithiseleyo unxweme, kungakhathaliseki ubunzulu bawo. Imoto yakwazi ukuhamba emanzini ngesivinini esiphantsi, malunga ne-2-3 km / h.
Umatshini unokukrazula iidrailers kunye, ukukhupha iindiza ezi-weighing 70.

Olunye ulwazi

Ubungakanani bemoto yayingu-7160 mm, ububanzi - 2700 mm, ubude - 2650. Ukulinganiswa kwemithwalo yemoto engaphandle-10 600 mm. Isisindo esipheleleyo safikelela kwiitoni ezili-15. Ukuthwala umthamo, imoto yendawo yonke yakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo weetoni ezi-4. I-wheelbase yi-1450 + 1450 + 1450 mm. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ekuqhubeni ukuhamba kwiindawo ezinobungozi ngaphandle kwemithwalo yi-59 ilitha nganye kwiikhilomitha ezili-100 zomzila. Umthamo wetanki ye-petroli yayiyi-500 ilitha.

Isiphelo

Ngoko, safumanisa ukuba i-ZIL-134 ineempawu zobugcisa. Njengoko uyakubona, le yimoto enomdla umdla. Phila ukuze ubone amaxesha anjalo akwenzeki.