Zibe inkulu Russian: inkcazelo, igama kunye nendawo

"Wena ayikho imozulu plain wahlukile apha" - la mazwi Vladimira Vysotskogo, makwazeke phantse bonke, inokuba Isaci kwalo mxholo. Imalunga iintaba, eyona intle yonke isiqabu zendalo. Akukho nto, iculwa imisebenzi neembongi ezininzi, zitsale abakhenkethi, climbers kunye nabantu abafuna ukuba ndibhaptize ngokwabo ngendlela ekhethekileyo, nto imozulu efanayo. Xa sijonga imephu elibonakalayo, umntu uyakwazi ukubona ezininzi iintaba saa kwihlabathi jikelele. Rich kubo yaye kwintsimi Russian.

iimpawu Geographical of Russia

ezintabeni Russian, ngathi abalindi umda ephangweni ngaphandle eseMazantsi kumntla-mpuma weli lizwe, ukudala ikhaka elikhethekileyo oluthembekileyo kwiindawo flat. Kuphela i phambene onamandla ngesibindi inqumle babeziindleko ezinkulu eRashiya, oko akuthethi ukuhlala kunye nemida, okanye ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ubuninzi labemi uhlala kwimimandla tyaba, ebona ezintabeni okanye kwi TV, okanye maxa wambi, ukufumana ikhefu kwiindawo weentaba. Ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha imimandla lwamancedo eRashiya ehlanganiswa iintaba. Kwaye phantse zonke zibe eRussia kuMzantsi kunye Ekude amazwe East.

Ngokufutshane malunga ezintabeni

Ukuba uthinte iimpawu ukuchaza, leyo ungabona kanye oko ezintabeni ziphambi obukeleyo, oko ichonge iingongoma ezithile:

• ukuphakama ngaphezu kweemitha 200 ngaphezu kwenqanaba yonyawo;
• kumathambeka;
• ubukho ntaba.

Ngomhla ngemvelaphi zeentaba ziyahluka. Xa kwakukho deformation of kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, kwavela intaba - indalo ziitectonic plates.

Ngenxa a kakhulu mlilo uthuthu, kunye nezinye amasuntswana olunazo, ukwakha iintaba. Iziseko ezinjalo imvelaphi mlilo, kwaye kusoloko kukho wentaba kwi encotsheni yentaba enjalo.

utshintsho ephezulu, zibangelwa yi-ukhukhuliseko, nako ukudala iintaba. Ngokufuthi ma ezininzi imvelaphi yohlobo olunye abahlanganisele kwintsimi enye. Ke wabiza iinkqubo entabeni.

Uluhlu nasentshonalanga Russian

Ukuze ufumane ubukumkani magic, abalinganiswa adla wathumela "emva iintaba kunye ulwandle." Yiloo nto kanye apho ukuba indlela yethu. Le ntaba zibe Russia, ngaphandle iingangamsha nemvelo, zibekwe phezu ongaphandle lizwe. On indawo yayo malunga-20 okanye ngaphezulu kwiintaba 1 th. Incopho Ezaziwayo, Osenyangweni egqalwa Elbrus. Kodwa kukho abazizithulu kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukufikelela iindawo umlinganiselo intlomo ezinye ntaba akwenzeki. Ngokuqhelekileyo lwamawa Russia lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe kumacandelo amathandathu:

1. Caucasus.
2. Phambene Iintaba.
3. Hibiny.
4. East Far.
5. South eSiberia.
6. ESiberia North-mpuma.

Izinto ezintathu zokugqibela ziquka kwakuhlaziya intsimi ebanzi, apho ibekwe kolundi inkulu ntaba kunye lwamawa Russia.

Ma mpumalanga eSiberia

Ummandla kumntla-mpuma eSiberia na ubuhle obumangalisayo kweentlobo. iintaba abatsha nabadala, iindawo hlathi le kumathafa - yiloo uhlobo ngengingqi lalo mmandla. Ingongoma eliphezulu eMpuma-aseSiberia Plateau, Mount Victory, ufikelela umphakamo kweekhilomitha ezi-3. Yena yenye liphezulu kuwo onke kwiintaba baseMpuma eSiberia, apho ndasolula ngenxa ngeekhilomitha-14. Ngaphandle kwale Highland, uluhlu ibandakanya Verkhoyansk Range, Mountain Byrranga kunye Central Siberian Plateau.

Kule imimandla yomntla-mpuma wawandisa isithuba nasemaweni Mesozoic kunye Cenozoic. Kwakhona, kukho zombini zomkhenkce bamandulo mihla. uhlobo sezulu Arctic kukhokelela into yokuba ezinye nemilambo emkhenkceni ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, ngokoqobo ukuya ezantsi.

eneentaba Verkhoyansk

Verkhoyansk Ridge kwimephu ye Russia yenye yeendawo ezisixhenxe intaba kummandla emntla-mpuma. Sikhoyo kwi kummandla Yakutia. Le nkqubo ibandakanya kwizintlu elikhulu naseRussia njengohlobo Harulahsky, Orulgan kunye Suntar-Hayata. Imozulu yale ndawo abawa eyahlukileyo. ebandayo kunye aphantsi esilawulwa iinyanga 8-9 emgceni. NgoJanuwari, kobushushu uvikivwa ku -40. Snowpack uqala ukunyibilika ngoJuni, nangona kuza maphakathi-Meyi emthonjeni. Ihlobo elingephi kwaye abanabuhlobo, kunqabile kunomzimba degrees 14. Yaba ngeli xesha na isabelo ingonyama ngayo imvula.

Ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezinzima, abemi kulo mmandla kakhulu zingabalulekanga, ngokulandelelana, amadlelo kunye namahlathi zisetyenziswa kakubi. LeziMbiwa Verkhoyansk inkqubo intaba - igolide ores polymetallic. Verkhoyansk Ridge kwimephu ye Russia ibanga-1200 km ukusuka Lena River ukuya Tompo, Aldana nokungena.

ubuhle Special esifubeni iintaba zasekuhlaleni. Russian Ridge wabiza Verkhoyanskiy ifana ngokuthe zasezintabeni sezwe. Kwi ezincotsheni isithukuthezi abandayo Verkhoyansk Range kumanyelwe Arctic ukuzola. Nje ngezantsi ezilele tundra entlango uludwayi indawo izityalo kahle. Kumathambeka akhule ngcu ezincinanana eSiberia, ezinde, nenomlanga, larch kunye amatyholo. Kwakhona, kukho ukubandakanywa emathafeni.

Arhabaxa emazantsi eSiberia: entabeni emkhathini

Ukuya ngasempumalanga phambene Mountains, phezu amawaka amaninzi khilomitha, nentaba eSiberia - ezweni ubuhle emangalisayo kunye ntumbuluko. Russia Umfuno ukuba kule ndawo, edume ehlabathini lonke:

• Besekhaya.
• Alatau.
• Sayan.
• Salair.
• ezintabeni yaseTuva.
• Transbaikalia.
• Zamanzi.
• Le backbone.
• Aldan Plateau.

Intaba Umfuno kunye lwamawa Russia, ezifana zeAltai, intle kakhulu kwaye ikhangeleka ngathi yamandulo rough. Embindini zeAltai eeNtaba ibekwe Teletskoye Lake. Kwezinye iingingqi, kukho amathafa, nemiqolomba, ezifana Alpine, Ashera ikalika. ZeAltai Indawo ephakeme Mount Belukha. ukuphakama kwakhe - ngaphezulu kwe-4.5 kweekhilomitha.

Okulandelayo ezintabeni zeAltai Alatau osecaleni kunye Sayan. Uluhlu ntaba kwezi ndawo banzi kakhulu, ukuya kutsho leekhilomitha angamakhulu amathandathu. I Sayan Mountains iqala indlela Yenisei omkhulu. Ekuqaleni, lo umlambo nehlankomo abangenazigqibo, kodwa emva kokuba ukwakhiwa izityalo ugesi ngamanzi ukuba ndizinyathele umsindo wakhe. Ezi nkqubo entabeni nasentshonalanga ezikufutshane eRashiya, aziwa abamagama ukuqalisa: Iintaba Tuvan kunye kwindawo liphezulu Mongun-hlathi, sirippinil-Len, Tannu-Ola. Iincopho kwawo Sayan Mountains yaseTuva-like. Kufuphi kumda Mongolian zomkhenkce encinane kumathambeka ukunika indlela emathafeni iindawo.

oonogada abanenzondelelo enzulu iintaba Lake izimvu kummandla izimvu, njengesakhelo elinqabileyo engqongwe ngabantu ichibi ecocekileyo. Hi ndlela leyi, inkangeleko yayo unyanzelekile ichibi eliphezulu umsebenzi ziitectonic plates waphawula kule zintaba. Malunga akhathazeke of kolu qweqwe lomhlaba kulo mmandla bathi iinyikima rhoqo. Ukuba intlenge ayikho rhoqo bawuzalisa emazantsi edikeni, oku ukufikelela ubunzulu km 6.

A kancinci ukuya ngasempuma zibe entabeni weRashiya phantsi kwegama zamanzi. osemqoka wabo ububanzi iphezulu ibhanti ntaba, ofikelela amawaka eekhilomitha. Ubude iyonke Trans-izimvu imalunga 4 ophosa.

Lomqolo: a ibhulorho phakathi kwemimandla

Kufuphi Amabanga olusemazantsi wePasifiki ezidibene ne-East Far. A links yokungena kule izenzo chain naseRussia iba njengondoqo kunye Aldan ithafa. The Ridge iphambili ubunzima abe wokukora eyintlango, kunye imiwonyo, ashinyeneyo. Iiphiramidi iintaba phawu yendalo phakathi Amour kunye Saha, kunye enekona abavuki ngentla km 2. Kumathambeka kunye anamandla Stanovoi uchunge kukhule imithi ikakhulu coniferous. Iingcuka, iibhokhwe kunye iimpungutye phantse abemi kuphela kwezi ndawo, ngaphandle amaqela amancinci loonothwal: i Chukchi, Tungus kunye Yakuts.

East Far: nobukhulu

Intaba zibe i-East Far yahlukile kakhulu kwaye iyingozi. Dzhugdzhur of the kummango ibekwe elunxwemeni loLwandle Okhotsk, basondela nge kummandla Amur kunye Primorye kunye Sakhalin, ena kunye Kurils. Kuyo yonke le usizo zinaso kakhulu, oluphazanyiswa gulfs, iintlambo kunye namachibi. On kakhulu Sakhalin Island ibekwe East Sakhalin neWest Sakhalin Iintaba. Ngaphezu koko, ukususela eKamchatka eJapan, lo kummango Kuril yolula, kusekwe kwisiqithi arc isici. On the ena Peninsula ivelele mlilo Kluchevskoy.

Kluchevskoy: lenani eKamchatka

Lo mlilo esebenzayo lelona nqanaba eliphezulu kwelo lizwe. enekona height malunga-5 km, okanye ukuba ngqo, ngaphezu kweemitha 4800. Ngenxa yoko, i-mlilo waqonda yaseYurophu liphezulu. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-17 emva kwexesha, kuye kwaba izihlandlo 55, nangona ngaphandle ebangela umonakalo omkhulu zokuhlala ezikufutshane. Age Klyuchevskoy entabeni uye kwiinkulungwane 70. ash ongaphiliyo kumathambeka yenduli Klyuchevskoy angabukela ngonaphakade, ngokunjalo kuleli basike iintyatyambo ezishinyeneyo emazantsi kuyo.

Abo wagqiba ekubeni ekhwela encotsheni yentaba, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba yeegesi mlilo awavumelekanga ukuba abe phezu kuyo kangangemizuzu elide kwe-10. Kwaye indawo ephezulu nayo eyona ndlela kuchaphazela umzimba womntu. Kodwa ke eli xesha iya kuba yanele ukonwabela ubuhle kwayijikeleza eziphakamileyo ezintabeni. Enoba okuvelayo Kwimeko neenduli Klyuchevskoy ngokoyisa uya nobuhlala ixesha elide.

Caucasus phantsi kwam ...

ERashiya inkulu ntaba Ridge - i-Greater Caucasus - ibekwe phakathi koLwandle Olumnyama noLwandle lweCaspian. Caucasus Mountains besebancinane kakhulu, kodwa ahluka kukukhula rhoqo. Ngomnyaka zincopho zabo zibe kufutshane esibhakabhakeni ukuze abone. Greater Caucasus iqulathe Iintaba eziphakamileyo kakhulu Black, ezintabeni sezantsi kwesikhundla Terek, Sunzha kwaye musa nokuba ukufikelela uphawu ngekhilomitha enye. Emzantsi, umntu uyakwazi ukubona icala eziphakamileyo, ngokwahlula kunye ephakeme ephambili. Iqhayiya zeentaba abaseAfrika - encotsheni Elbrus - nje kummandla Range osecaleni.

Caucasus Centre ixhomekeke zekhephu olubanzi ezibangele rockfalls. Kodwa ke imozulu kule nxalenye weentaba uthambile, sabutropikhi, kwinto efana emzantsi Yurophu. Inxalenye esempuma eCaucasus ifuze Central Asia isiqabu omncinane. Akumangalisi urhulumente thaca kuyo, ogama Dagestan, Oko kukuthi "ilizwe leentaba".

Kodwa yonke Caucasus lihle kangangokuba nkqu Velikiy uAleksandr Sergeevich lokubonisana kwiincwadi zakhe.

A bit of Elbrus

Ethetha eCaucasus, akunakwenzeka singasathethi iincopho eliphezulu Europe - Elbrus. Kunoko, ezi iincopho ezimbini, kuba intaba iincopho ezimbini kunye umahluko kubude malunga 20 eemitha. Ngu uhlobo ukuyilwa Elbrus - yinto mlilo. Malunga kwesigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ngexesha ngexesha nokubunjwa kwayo, phezu kwamaxandeka entabeni ngesantya breakneck itshayelwe, kunokudala uthuthu, ubumdaka, imfumba yamatye. Konke oku ku wandisa kancane ukuphakama mlilo. Ngoku ukuyilwa rock iwonga Wawongwa ski ntaba iphakamileyo ehlabathini. Ukongezelela koko, kutshanje kusiwa kuluhlu imisebenzi ezisixhenxe Russian. Kumathambeka emazantsi eNtaba Elbrus zixhotyiswe kunye iimoto intambo kunye nendawo ukuhlala obutofotofo abakhenkethi.

Kumabali Urals

Ethetha iintaba Russian, umntu asingekhe silibale malunga phambene kwiiNtaba. Yeyona ikratshi lizwe, umgca lahlule phakathi empuma nasentshona. Mountains yolula for km 2,000 elide ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, ukusuka Arctic Ocean ukuya emaqeleni Kazakh. Kukho banentsomi ukuba kwezi ntaba kwakuvela Aryans izilumko unique impucuko, zikhangela imizila kwesihlwele izazinzulu kunye nabakhenkethi ukuya Urals. Ingaba kukho kunye nemimandla nobani, olunokuba umdla nkqu ufologists, njengoko amarhe, kwi yabasemzini kumahlathi phambene kubonwa. Le ndawo emangalisayo ise epakini yesizwe Taganay. Akwaziwa ngendlela amabali ayinyaniso balapho, kodwa kukuba kule ndawo kukho ndoyisiwe izixhobo kunye nabantu ezaneleyo tyelela imibono engaqhelekanga - i inyani.

Kule Urals, nokuba inayo Stonehenge yayo. Bathi kule ndawo isithembiso amandla kakhulu ezinamandla. It kokuba ususe iingcinga ezimbi namaxhala.

iitempile phambene yamandulo nezigodlo basoloko umtsalane nabasemzini evela ehlabathini lonke.

Kwakhona, i phambene Iintaba - a esise wabakhenkethi, kwaye naliphi na ixesha lonyaka. Ehlotyeni - ukuqabela, bekhwele emahasheni, ehla, ubusika - le Ukuskiya yemveli kumathambeka nekhephu. Yaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje, emva kokuqala yemeko eChelyabinsk zimpahla koMhlaba babe iindlela ezithandwayo site yayo lweziganeko.

Kukho izinto ntoni Urals kunye Speleology: nemiqolomba izakhiwo ukuchaza intsimi kakhulu lomsebenzi.

Russia amabanga zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kwaye wenze le ubutyebi enkulu yendalo eli lizwe kunye antsonkothileyo. Uninzi abemi Russia uhlala emathafeni, kodwa iintaba basoloko kutsala abantu ubuhle bayo zasendle yamandulo.