Iimpawu ze-Central Siberian Plateau. Central Siberian Plateau: mphandle, ubude, isikhundla

Central Siberian Plateau teka ukuya emantla we-Eurasia. Ummandla womhlaba - malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi kwiikhilomitha. Yintoni na ukuma Central Siberian Plateau kwimaphu? Ukususela ngasezantsi, ummandla kulala iintaba Sayan, izimvu ibekwe kunye nommandla zamanzi. Inxalenye ntshona emdeni West Siberian Plain, northern - nelezihlambo empuma North-eSiberia - kunye plain Central Yakut.

Nezizwe

Ubude Central Siberian Plateau ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi - malunga 3 ophosa. Territory neetyuwa wabumba Paleozoic ngokungaphelelanga Mesozoic. Ngokuba lo mmandla linophawu intrusions wakubo: izingxobo abangelwe kunye nemigibe. Le ngingqi iidipozithi zizityebi ngentsimbi, ubhedu kunye nickel sisimbiwa, mifanekiso, amalahle kunye netyuwa. Kukho iidayimani kunye negesi yendalo misela. Imozulu - njengezwekazi, kwaye basindiswe phantse yonke indawo, nangona ukuba ubude Central Siberian Plateau kakhulu umxhelo. Ubusika frosty: ubushushu air - 20-40 degrees, ubuninzi - ukuya -70. Nyanga ezi epholileyo nefudumeleyo kakhulu (12-20 degrees). Umthamo kwemvula ngonyaka ngamnye izinciphiso kulwalathiso ukusuka ngasentshonalanga ukuya empumalanga - ukusuka 800 ukuya ngemilimitha 200. permafrost Phantse yande jikelele. amathambeka ezigqunywe likhephu Special eyahlukeneyo ihewu yasentshona Putorana. Phakathi imilambo emikhulu kufuneka kuqatshelwe Lower Tunguska, hangars, Stony Tunguska, Viluy, uLena, Khatanga. Ezi kunye nezinye yamanzi kuba somfula Arctic Ocean. Central Siberian ethafeni ubude, njengoko kucacisiwe apha ngentla, inkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba kakhulu egqubuthele larch (ukukhanya coniferous) hlathi. Kwi emazantsi nompleyini eziqhelekileyo kunye larch kunye pine amahlathi.

Iimpawu ze-Central Siberian Plateau

Ubukhulu becala kummandla ahlala yi ethafeni. It is a ebanzi kwaye iflethi phakathi imilambo, ngokufuthi mgxobhozo. Central ihewu Siberian ebude avareji - hayi ngaphezulu kwe 500-700 m kumacandelo elele ngasentla 1000 m (ukuya ku 1071). Iqonga lesiseko kuhlala Archean-Proterozoic siphindwe kumgangatho ongaphantsi. Kuyinto kamva inshorensi ludaka xesha. Layer ubukhulu - malunga 10-12 neekhilomitha. Kumntla nomzantsi-ntshona ummandla rock (Aldan Shield, Anabaysky uluhlu Pribaikalskaya lift). Ezingu ubukhulu sisonke 25-30 km kwezinye iindawo - up to 45 km. Le ukukhululeka Central Siberian Plateau kukuba le ndawo ngokuphawulekayo liphuma ngentla komgangatho wolwandle.

Ubume kwindawo ongaphantsi

Platform wenze iintlobo ezininzi zeengxondorha. Phakathi kwazo kwakukho nezemarmore, schists, kunye nezinye charnockites. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ubudala abanye babo - kweminyaka emithathu ukuya gidi ezine. Ngentlenga cover up ayikho iidipozithi zamandulo. Ukwenziwa kwezi ntlobo kuba nexesha imvelaphi yabantu. iidipozithi Paleozoic igcwele igneous. Ukuba imiswe phakathi iqhuma ezininzi, engumkhenkce emaweni ludaka. Ezi Ingaphandle ngokuba izibatha. Ngenxa alternation ezi zoleko lentlenga (buthathaka ngakumbi) iintlobo, ebumba isiqabu asinde zimke kwelo zwe. Njalo imigibe zifumaneka kummandla Tunguska zokudakumba. Xa Mesozoic Central Siberian Plateau ukuba nxalenye abanolwazi kakhulu kuvuselele. Ngenxa yoko, oko wabumba Putorana ithafa. Eli nqanaba liphezulu kwintsimi lonke. kumphezulu Ukuphakamisa kwaqhubeka Cainozoic. Ngelo xesha baqalisa ukuba imilo kunye network umlambo. Ngaphandle Putorana yehewu, onzima yabonwa kwi Yenisei, i Anabar Massif. Iinkqubo ezenzeka emva koko, kwakhokelela utshintsho kwinethiwekhi emlanjeni. Esi sakhiwo ziitectonic plates ye-Central Siberian Plateau. Kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba wasinda imizila lweenkqubo umlambo awayekho ngamaxesha amandulo. Ukuhamba kunye namandla umkhenkce kule ndawo kwaba nempembelelo encinane, kangaka isiqabu abazange babe (njengoko kwezinye iindawo ehlabathini, umzekelo). Ukukhulisa waqhubeka kwixesha post-glacial.

Inkcazelo isistimu zemilambo

Central Siberian Plateau - plain kunye pologovolnistym lohlangulo Entre Ríos zinzulu (kwezinye iindawo kanonoobrazymi) iintlambo komlambo. Ubunzulu omkhulu amaqula - up to iwaka eemitha. Iziseko ezinjalo zixhaphakile entshona yasethafeni Putorana. Ubunzulu Ubuncinane -. 100 m sites ezinjalo zifumaneka kwi-Central Tunguska yehewu, North and Central Siberian Yakutskaya esezantsi. Phantse zonke iintlambo umlambo e Central eSiberia mwonyo kwaye babe imilo azilingani. A isici esasenza kumadanyana - inani elikhulu (ezintandathu ukuya elithoba) masimu. La maziko alatha liphindwe siyabakhuthaza ziitectonic plates le ndawo. Nasezihlanjeni North-eSiberia kunye Taimyr neentlambo umlambo eqalisiweyo ixesha. Kulo ithala afumaneka apho amanani amancinci - nkqu emachibini likhulu akukho ngaphezulu kwe ezintathu okanye ezine.

Iimpawu kwezixhobo kuqweqwe lomhlaba

Kwi kwintsimi lonke kukho iqela ezine isiqabu:

1. Nasentshonalanga, nasentshonalanga, Amathafa, nduli kunye ma ephakathi. Le yokugqibela ibekwe ekuphumeni ongaphantsi crystalline.
2. Plateau kunye ichibi ukuphakama. Bona phezu emaweni Paleozoic ludaka.
3. Ezinawo-numbers kunye namathafa numbers.
4. Plateau mlilo.

Ulwalathiso Central Siberian Plateau waqalisa ukwenza ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Kufuneka ke ukuba iinkqubo ezenzekayo namhlanje. Ukuqhela kumaxesha amandulo, kwaye ngoku ngendlela efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ngqo kwindawo yonke. iinkqubo ukhukuliseko kwintsimi, apho Central Siberian Plateau, kunzima permafrost ixesha elide. Oku kuthintela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuyilwa karst Iifom ixolo - amaqula zendalo, nemiqolomba, inani lamatye (gypsum, itshokhwe, lekalika kunye nabanye). Phezu komhlaba, apho Central Siberian Plateau, akukho okufana kwezinye iindawo Russia imfundo yamandulo relict glacial. Iifom Karst zifumaneka kuphela kwezinye iindawo esemazantsi. Kule ndawo akukho permafrost. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, kuquka Leno-Aldan noLena-Angara ithafa. Noko ke, njengokuba iifom isiqabu esisiseko nzulu kulo mmandla ke nangoku cryogenic ukhukuliseko. zemvula ezikhulu sezulu kabukhali yelizwekazi negalelo ekwakhiweni phezu komhlaba lehewu, kwamathambeka ezihlanjeni komlambo ezintabeni inani elikhulu ezilulwalwa nezikhukhula kunye talus. Phantse kuyo yonke indawo phezu permafrost ukwanda emhlabeni. Uthanda ukulondolozwa eliphantsi kwithempritsha yayo yonyaka avareji yexesha ukubanda features nemozulu azalwa. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le ndawo luphawulwa cloudiness encinane, nto leyo inegalelo kwimitha ubushushu ebusuku. Ukwahluka umhlaba ngenxa ukungafani yamatye, ukufuma, imigodi, iimpawu izityalo, lobushushu ulawulo. Imeko inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuzo zombini nengoma iintlobo enezityalo nezilwanyana, kunye umbala yangaphandle, ubungakanani, kwakunye indlela yobomi kwezilwanyana kunye nophuhliso utyani.

Enezityalo nezilwanyana

Hlathi ithatha malunga ne-70% yommandla. Kwi ethafeni Central bulawulwe ehlathini Coniferous owakhiwa ngasentshonalanga larch eSiberia esempuma - Dahurian. izityalo Coniferous kwabeka kwimimandla ngasentshonalanga. Ngenxa hayi nokufuma kakhulu kwaye kufudumele kakhulu ehlotyeni kummandla ngaphezu naphi ihlathi na phambili ukuya emntla. Xa iimeko zemozulu nangokubandezela entlonzeni izilwanyana ezinoboya wazuza silky ngakumbi anoboya. Izilwanyana eli hlathi zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Of izilwanyana zasendle fox eqhelekileyo, wolverine, ermine, imihlathi, Sable kunye nabanye. Yezilwanyana neempuphu abahlala kwintsimi ixhama must kunye na- maxhama. aqheleka kakhulu kule iimpuku ehlathini, ingakumbi iiprotheni luninzi. Eli rhamncwa yindawo ekhethekileyo kurhwebo uboya. Imimandla ezingundoqo iiprotheni yokuhlala - mnyama coniferous hlathi. Of ezinye iimpuku kwezi zisengozini kakhulu emininzi vole, nembila, nomatse. Phakathi iintaka iintlobo ptarmigan eqhelekileyo, icula. Ngowe-1930 ummandla Central Siberian Plateau olwaqalwa muskrat. Esi silwanyana ezikuyo becala imilambo kade, amachibi, apho kukho inani elikhulu yohlaza nomgxobhozo. izilwanyana ezininzi, eyayixhaphakile kuloo ndawo, enkulu kakhulu kunokuba nezalamane zabo ukuba bahlala sezulu onomoya.

ithafa Putorana

Kumntla kulele indawo ngandlel engaqhelekanga, senkangala, kodwa ezintle. "I Lost World" - benjenjalo ukumemeza iintatheli le ndawo. Abakhenkethi ezimbalwa abeza apha sithetha le ndawo nje mmandla amachibi amawaka alishumi kunye amawaka seengxangxasi. Putorana Plateau - a ntlango twisisaka magingxigingxi ukuba akukho efanayo nayiphi na enye. Kukho kwimiwonyo ezininzi, amachibi, crystal ezineengxangxasi crystal nemilambo ecacileyo. Sizoku lwisana ikhephu namatye ume ngaphandle iintyatyambo eziqaqambileyo emantla.

Inkcazelo emfutshane ye kwintsimi

Putorana mathafa amanga ngaphaya kwemida i-Arctic Circle. Eli nqanaba liphezulu le-Central Siberian Plateau. Kuye kwasekwa, ngokutsho izazinzulu, malunga 10-12 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ukwenziwa intsimi negalelo yinyikima enkulu ezachaphazela inxalenye enkulu Eurasia. Le nkqubo yakhokelela ekwakhiweni ziziqithi ezinkulu Kara kunye Barents ziilwandle. Emva kwaloo nyikima, imozulu itshintshe (waqalisa ukulawula ingqele ngqwabalala), kwakunye izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Namhlanje, lo yethafa luhlobo "cake maleko" kwasekwa isixa omkhulu kobuhlakani mlilo. Kwezinye iindawo, ngokobuninzi basaltic, kukho malunga elinesibini ezimbini. Phantse lonke ixesha kunyaka ezincotsheni qhwa. Kungenxa kwi emdeni imithombo emininzi kangaka amanzi. Qala snowmelt kwenzeka ngo-Agasti.

Kumabali Putorana ithafa

Epics kwabantu kumantla igcina okuninzi yamandulo ngale ndawo lishiywa. Nganasan, Nenets kunye Evenk, owayehlala kumaxesha amandulo xa nommandla wayo, apha bakholelwa ukuba uThixo uhlala uMlilo - tormentor imiphefumlo yabantu, inkosi wesihogo. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, ezi nkolelo zinxulunyaniswa kusenzeka esanda (4-5 thous. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo) mlilo. Uthi omnye amavo Evenki, umoya lomlilo, Ndisinde enzonzobileni, kunyuke ngasentla Khatanga, ebangela amanzi abilayo omlambo, kwilali searing, ukutsha hlathi, etshabalalisa imfuyo kunye nabantu. Ngomhla yethafa Lake Khantayskoye. abantu bendawo basibiza indebe iinyembezi. Eli chibi ingqalelo enye zinzulu liphela kummandla Russia. Ubunzulu echibini ifikelela seemitha ezimakhulu mahlanu. Ngaphambili Khantayskoye edikeni njengengcwele. Nenets and Evenk intombazana beza kuye ekuhambeni iinkulungwane, sokukhalaza malunga isabelo sawo yothixokazi Eshnu ubone ikamva labo elizayo amanzi alo. Ngokutsho legend yamandulo, uthixo yoMlilo kumaxesha amandulo, ngokubulala unyana kuphela uthixokazi Eshnu. awufi lakhe master umphefumlo Hell wathabatha ku dya yakhe komhlaba. Lusizi Eshnu walila ithuba elide, de yajika yaba abangelwe rock emnyama. iinyembezi zakhe womisa yiyo kanye le ubushushu isitya. Kwaye kwasekwa Bowl iinyembezi.

Ubomi thafa namhlanje Putorana

ummandla waso amashumi ezininzi, kukho mnye kuphela yokuhlala esisigxina. Hayi kude echibini ibekwe Agata station yemozulu. Kuyo kukho malunga neshumi abantu, ngeenxa nilindile ikloko ukutshintsha iimeko zemozulu. Kodwa bezulu uyigcine ngezenzeko umangalisayo, inkcazelo leyo bayaphoswa isishwankathelo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ukukhumbula endala umsimelelo zemozulu zesikhululo minyaka ukususela 25 Disemba ukuya kwi-7 Januwari, ukususela ngeminyaka ye lokugqibela ngenkulungwane, phantse zonke iinjikalanga kummandla bumakhulu-manzi kungahlala engxangxasi Habarba zisiya emazulwini ivela emhlabeni ukunyuka concentric ujikeleza izangqa. Xa imizuzu nje embalwa, zakha elivuthayo isigebenga ephotheneyo, yade phezulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Le meko awutsali ngaphezu kwemizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu. Emva koko saya iyabuna ebumnyameni. Kukho nenye imfihlelo Putorana ithafa. Phezu - yabahambi yendalo ezinamacala - zibonakala kumaxesha ngamaxesha, yatsha iimilo zejiyometri - oonxantathu, ovali, izangqa.

Iinkqubo ezenzeka ngayo kuqweqwe lomhlaba, kwaye sase- elandelayo

Namhlanje, akukho sizathu esibonakalayo yokuvuswa yonyaka yasethafeni kunye iisentimitha enesiqingatha, kubangele ukukhula ngakumbi ziitectonic plates iimpazamo isiseko. Oku kubonisa ukuba komhlaba ukunamathela kakhulu. Ngenxa ukufukuka lonke umsebenzi yedeskthopi, izazinzulu izimvo ngakumbi yokuba kwixa elizayo (kwangoku) elizayo unako ukulindeleka kwintsimi enye intlekele yendalo. Iingcali zithi iinguqulelo ezintathu kunokwenzeka lweziganeko. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukuma oselula endaweni umhlaba, kodwa esebenzayo kakhulu mlilo. Kwimeko esivule yesibini kucingelwa uthotho iinyikima ezinamandla kwinkulungwane elandelayo. Ngenxa yezi nkqubo, ukuma rock omtsha ukwahlula Central Siberian Plateau ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi uninzi eMpuma Sayan. Kulo wesithathu, ecaleni okubi, apho kuya kubakho iinkqubo ezinzulu zejoloji, efanayo yandile kunye ngobunzulu ziintlekele zemvelo. Ngenxa yoko, i-siphoso kwenzeka kwindawo yikhompawundi ingxilimbela yaseSiberia Platform kunye ipleyiti West yaseSiberia kufuphi Yenissei pool. Ngenxa yoko, Taimyr siqithi yaba siqithi, amanzi oLwandle Laptev mqolomba waphuphuma kwasekwa yezwekazi.