ZeClostridium botulinum. botulinus

Kwihlabathi kukho izifo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo amagciwane. Baya kwahluka enye kwenye iindlela usulelo kwesifo kunye namanye bokuqonda. Kweli nqaku Ndifuna ukuthetha ngokweenkcukacha malunga botulinum zeClostridium --arhente causative esi sifo ezifana izinto ezibolileyo.

malunga ukugula

Ekuqaleni, kufuneka ukuba athi amagama ambalwa malunga nesifo ebangela igciwane. Ngoko ke, izinto ezibolileyo - a ityhefu kakhulu ukutya. Kuyinto yondele, ngokufuthi ngexesha elifanayo kuchaphazela inkqubo luvo, kunokubangela ukukhubazeka. Kuye indlela ilindle-ngomlomo yokosulela.

Umdla bekuya kuba phi le kwegama. Ukusuka Latin bubonakala izinto ezibolileyo nesoseji (botulus). Kwaye sonke ngoba data yokuqala iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela eziye zafunyanwa le mveliso ukutya (kuquka imizimba yabantu abafileyo adla ngaphambili ingcolisekile nesoseji). Kaninzi oku sifo yayanyaniswa kokusetyenziswa iintlanzi ngetyuwa yaye etshaya kunye ham.

A incinane

Kuba lokuqala ixesha zeClostridium botulinum - i-arhente causative ezibolileyo - kwachazwa umva ngo-1896 sisazinzulu E. van Ermengemom. Kwathi kanye ngelo xesha yomeleleyo kwesifo. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, le pathogen sele lineminyaka ngenxa ham, kuquka imizimba yabantu abatya ngayo ngaphambili. Kungekudala emva koko, kwafunyaniswa ukuba silwanyana liquka serovars esibhozo ezahluke ityhefu structure antigenic (kwaye zenza ezabo). Ubukhulu zibaluleke ityhefu, obizwa ngokuba A, B no E. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kunokuthiwa zonke buthi nga bangabi kuphela serum homologous.

ukubonakala

Kubonakala ngathi zeClostridium botulinum? Ngoko ke, lo bacterium kukupheliswa intonga enkulu kangangoko lirhangqwa kancinci. Uthelekelelo lobungakanani wayo - 4-9x0.6-1.0 microns. Kuyo umzimba ngayo malunga ne-35 peritrichous misila ibekwe. Bangaba sikuyo. Stick kwimbambano na isuntswana ngathi emsindweni intenetya.

kwezimo ezifanele

Ziziphi iimeko ezifanele zeClostridium botulinum na? Ngoko ke, iqondo elilelona lokukhula kwabo - 35 ° C. Noko ke, iintsholongwane nande kuluhlu lobushushu ukususela 10 ukuya 55 ° C. Kungcono ulinywe silwanyana:

1. Phakathi Kitty Tarotstsi. Oku ethile nyama-peptone umhluzi ezikhatshwa inyama zesibindi ibeyisoseji iswekile.
2. Inyama kunye nentlanzi izicatshulwa.
3. Apho kukho xi ophezulu protein yezilwanyana.

Bacterium Ungaphinda-phinda kwakhona kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, eyona lula - glucose agar igazi (kulo mzekelo, iibhaktheriya zifana amaqhekeza ziintlumaya okanye uboya). Noko ke, ukuba zande ubukhulu a medium engamanzi. Xa kunjalo, i elitshisiweyo bomzi ibunjiwe, yaye emva kwexesha elithile ngamathontsi kwenze emazantsi ityhubhu.

ukwanda

Uphi na lo eqhelekileyo ngentsholongwane ye zeClostridium botulinum? Ngoko ke, i "ukukhubeka" phezu kwazo kunokuba phantse naphi na. Amaninzi, ezi ndawo zilandelayo bachongelwe clostridia yokuhlala:

1. Amathumbu iintlanzi, izilwanyana kunye saselwandle esineqokobhe.
2. Umhlaba (ezincinane ukufumana kunye ituwa).
3. Ukutya. Ingakumbi yingozi kule meko loo mntu imifino, amakhowa, inyama kunye izitya nentlanzi.

Xa umhlaba asinde iingxoxo ngaphezu iintlobo kwezityalo iintsholongwane. Imbewu zingaphila desiccation elide, yingqele ukuya -250 ° C, ukubilisa iiyure ukuya kwezintandathu. Nakuko isicombululo phenol (5%) iintsholongwane sikuyo ingaqhubeka olugqithayo Usuku olu-1. Xa abilayo watshabalalisa yoluvo malunga 10 imizuzu.

uzinzo

Nje ixesha elide kangakanani na izinto ezibolileyo? Microbiology kubonisa ukuba silwanyana ngokwayo uziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo, sele States ezahlukeneyo.

1. ifomu ibihlungu. Kulo mzekelo, clostridia abanganyangekiyo kakhulu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo utshintsho yangaphandle. Xa amaqondo obushushu 6 ° C ingaphila malunga enye nyanga, xa reflux ka-100 ° C abulawe kuphela kwisithuba iyure enye kubushushu ka-120 ° C - isiqingatha enye seyure. Imbewu abanganyangekiyo ebandayo, imiqadi obala, omisa. Ke ukuba ntsholongwane, ngoko formalin (20%) isisombululo dlulisa iintsholongwane iintsuku ezimbini, utywala ethyl - iinyanga ezimbini, kunye nesisombululo zehydrochloric acid (10%) - ngeyure enye.
2. Ifomu kwezityalo. Kule meko, Clostridia basengozini kakhulu. Kubushushu-80 ° C zibulawe kwisithuba ngeyure enye.
3. Njengoko le tyhefu, iziphatha iyafana ifomu kwezityalo. Kwi 100 ° C imizuzu eli-10, le tyhefu iyakwazi bangabi namandla. Izinzile kwimeko asidi, kodwa bangabi in obrak. Kwisiqwenga zesisu le tyhefu kunciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi wayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle uhlobo E yesi sifo, leyo, phezu koko, kuthe iphecana zesisu esingabantu 10 umphinda-000 esebenzayo ngakumbi.

Apho izinto ezibolileyo kunokwenzeka ukwanda? Microbiology, amayeza bathi uninzi izigulane zifumaneka kuloo mazwe apho abantu ukutya inyama okanye intlanzi enkonkxiweyo. Zonyaka kule meko semxholweni. Kwakhona yobudala ezingabalulekanga, isini, ibala lolusu lwabantu. Nabani zosuleleke ngayo.

Pathogenesis

Izinto ezibolileyo - a ityhefu ukutya kakhulu, nto leyo kwenzeka emva kokusetyenziswa clostridia ezingcolisekileyo okanye ityhefu zabo ukutya (i yoluvo akhululwayo kwimeko apho silwanyana engena bume anaerobic kwaye aqalise ukuvelisa yayo iyasebenza). Eyona ngqwalasela ibaluleke kakhulu kwimeko izifo ezifana yesi sifo, yinto neurotoxin. Kubalulekile ukuba athi yena onamandla kunayo yonke tyhefu eziphilayo. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, kuba amaxesha 375 ziyityhefu kwaye ngakumbi nangakumbi Yinyongo of a rattlesnake. Ukuba ukufumana ityhefu ngohlobo yayo enyulu kuphela 1 mg uya anokuqulatha ukuya kwizigidi 100 ngeedosi ezibulalayo yeempuku zelebhu emhlophe. Ke le ndoda, ngoko ukufa kunokwenzeka emva kokungenisa 0.001 kuphela neurotoxin mg.

malunga neurotoxin

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, igciwane zeClostridium botulinum cell neurotoxin enamandla kwaye ayingozi esisisongelo kuphela kwimpilo kodwa ubomi. Kufuneka kwakhona bathi le tyhefu nto thermostable. Yethumbu ke zizovezwa prototoksina kwi silwanyana eziyingozi similise emva kokuqhutyelwa enzymes emathunjini amancinci. Ukuze neziphumo ezifanayo enzyme izinzile. isici esasenza: Ugxile ngokukhawuleza egazini, ukuba sele iindawo oluphezulu phecana zesisu. Igazi kwanwenwa ngomzimba, ngokubandakanyeka leesynapse neuromuscular.

isigaba action buthi

Kufuneka kwakhona ndithi kuni yoluvo botulinum uye izigaba ezithathu action:

1. inyathelo umva (kwimeko serum antitoxic). Neurotoxin sibopha ukuba receptor ethile.
2. Ukuhambisa tyhefu kwinxalenye zolwelo le okuhlangana yeseli neuromuscular. Ngenxa yeli nyathelo, ubushushu kubalulekile. Inqanaba efanayo kakhulu trudnoobratimoy.
3. Isigaba Lytic. Kulo mzekelo, ephethe iibhloko yoluvo kulo yoluvo izihlunu luvo. Apha kukho iimpawu eziphambili yesi sifo.

iintlobo yesi sifo

Xa yezonyango eyahlula ntlobo ezine eziphambili sifo:

1. Ukutya, okanye Classic. Usulelo kwenzeka ngokuthi atye ukutya equlethe ityhefu.
2. Inxeba. Olu hlobo lwesifo inxulunyaniswa ulawulo lwabantu kumphezulu inxeba.
3. izinto ezibolileyo Newborn. Le ntsholongwane usuleleko zophendlo lwezifo ze amathumbu usana olusanda kuzalwa ngayo.
4. Yokuhlelwa akunakuqinisekiswa. Kulo mzekelo, oogqirha Asinakutsho siqiniseke ukuba isizathu usulelo kunye izinto ezibolileyo yabantu.

ngokosuleleka

Njengoko kakuhle kukho izinto ezibolileyo sisifo zabantu? Njani na usuleleko? Okokuqala kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba bosulelwe kunye clostridia mntwini. Nangona kunjalo, i silwanyana engena umzimba lwabasebenzi ukutya iyasuleleka umhlaba ezosulelekileyo okanye ilindle. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuba ukuvela esi sifo, iibhaktheriya nazo ezifunekayo iimeko ezizodwa. Ngoko ke, ukuba eziqokelelwe phambi kokuthatha iimveliso zokutya, nangoko a ibihlungu silwanyana iba ifomu linamandla kakhulu ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. Emva ukupheka Imbewu aqalise ukwimeko kwezityalo, yaye xa kukho ulwabiwo clostridia yoluvo olubulalayo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba igama lesi silwanyana kuba esoyika mpilo evulekileyo. zokufudumeza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukutya kwakhona akukho bengenako ukuwubulala wona igciwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela (eziyimfuneko kwithempritsha yayo kutshatyalaliswe malunga 750 ° C). Okulandelayo ukutya ukonakaliswa engena umzimba womntu, kwaye isifo kubonakala kakhulu ngokukhawuleza.

okuthatha

yoluvo botulinum emva kokungena umzimba uqala ukusebenza ngoko nangoko. Oku kwenzeka kwiiyure zokuqala 8-22 emva nasekusebenziseni ukutya ingcolisekile. Noko ke, ixesha avareji iiyure -10-12.

Lo mfanekiso kwezonyango sifo

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umzimba womntu emva kokosuleleka yile igciwane? Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni iimpawu liyafana gastroenteritis (ukudumba kwiinwebu emathunjini amancinci kunye nesisu). Iimpawu eziphambili ezibangela izinto ezibolileyo igciwane:

1. iintlungu esiswini, ekukhethwa ukuba inkaba. Intlungu aya kunyuka, ukwanda.
2. idla ngokuba ubushushu lingaphumi.
3. Usihlalo kukuba kangangezihlandlo ezingama-20 ngosuku. Ingaba anzongonzongo, umvumbi, ngokohlobo yerayisi umhluzi.
4. Ubuthathaka jikelele umzimba.
5. Ukubuyisa.

Ukugabha kunye rhoqo ilindle kungakhokelela emzimbeni iyonke. Kwimeko enjalo, ukuze babonakale unditsho, kukho ifuthe imibimbi phezu kobuso kunye nezinye ulusu. Amaninzi, ezi mpawu zinyamalale emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Umntu ucinga ukuba uye wenziwa umkhuhlane eziqhelekileyo emathunjini. Kodwa kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba ayizizo zonke kugudiswa kangaka okulungileyo ngokukhawuleza. Kwezinye iimeko, umntu unokuba esitulweni ukugabha kunye negazi, kwangaxeshanye inokuba intlungu enkulu kakhulu. Bonke kuphela ukufa ngenxa isenzeko necrosis emathunjini.

zisanda

Apho unako rhoqo ukubamba sisifo, ngathi izinto ezibolileyo? Photo nakujoliso olutsha ubuninzi losulelo, kodwa kaninzi ke catering ezithuba, ingakumbi xa umntu liyadla iiproteni silwanyana.

ukuvimbela

Yintoni onokuyenza ukukhusela abantu ukususela ekusulelekeni nale igciwane?

1. Ngaba ukubulala izinto ezibolileyo ukubila. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuthatha naliphi na ukutya okunkonkxiweyo, kungcono bilisa malunga 15 imizuzu. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba le tyhefu ukuyisonga. Ningaba ke ninako balidle ukutya enkonkxiweyo, isiciko kwawo idumbile.
2. Igciwane ebangela yesi sifo, uyafa obushushu aphantsi. Ukuba ikhona, inyama kunye nentlanzi zokutya phambi kokuba ukupheka kungcono ngumkhenkce. Ukugcina kwabo kangangoko kwiqondo lobushushu ngezantsi + 10 ° C.
3. Ingakumbi kufuneka ziphathwe ngononophelo obude. Ngoko kanye ukuba babe amasuntswana of clostridia zomhlaba ingcolisekile.
4. Abantu batya ukutya efanayo njengoko ububi yesi sifo, kufuneka abe phantsi kweliso logqirha. Kwakhona, kufuneka njengenyathelo lokuthintela ukungena protivobotulinicheskuyu serum .Kuma kunye chelators.

Outlook

Kukwanjalo ukuphelisa esi sifo, ngathi izinto ezibolileyo? Iifoto izigulane zangaphambili ezahlukileyo. Oku ukuba balahle njani abantu sifo kunye nezidumbu. Imeko yokugqibela kunokwenzeka kuphela xa isigulane ayiboneleli ukhathalelo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngaphandle konyango, esi sifo sithatha ubomi bomntu ngo-30-60% yamatyala.