Yintoni i-astrolabe? Astrolabe: ifoto

Namhlanje kwizinto zefashini eziphawulwe ngexesha: i-antiques, iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kwisitayela sokuvuna kunye ne-retro. Ukubaluleka okhethekileyo kwendawo yangaphakathi, esekelwe kwintambo efana neyo, kunikwa izixhobo kunye nezixhobo eziye zalahleka ngokubaluleka kwazo, kodwa zivelise i-flavour ethile kwaye zenze umoya. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, igramophone okanye iintsimbi zensimbi. Nangona kunjalo, asinakuthetha ngala macandelo aqhelekileyo. Ingqwalasela yale nqaku iyimpendulo kumbuzo wukuthi yintoni i-astrolabe. Ezi zixhobo za mandulo nazo ngoku zifumana ukuzalwa okwesibini njengeempawu zezitayela nge-biar in retro okanye i-steampunk.

Sixhobo seMitfunction

I-Astrolabe, isithombe esinika ingcamango encinane malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezinto kumntu ongeyunxibelelwano nesayensi yeenkwenkwezi, yinto nje into enhle kwaye engaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, unomsebenzi othile. Isixhobo saqulunqwa ukulinganisela imitha ukusuka kumhlaba ukuya kwiinkwenkwezi kunye neeplanethi, ezazisetyenziselwa ukuqhelanisa indawo, ukugqiba ukulungelelanisa, kunye nokubikezela ngeenkwenkwezi. Ngokuncedwa kwisixhobo senkwenkwezi sasendulo, kwakunokwenzeka ukubala ukuba ziphi iinkwenkwezi eziza kubonakala ebusuku xa i-Sun, eyure , ibeka okanye iya kuvuka.

Umvelaphi

Sekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibini BC, izazinzulu zazi ukuba yintoni i-astrolabe. Esi sixhobo savela kwintsimi yaseGrisi yamandulo, kwindawo enye yaxhaswa kwaye yatshintshwa ngeenkulungwane eziliqela. I-Astrolabe, umfanekiso onokufunyanwa kwinqaku, laziswa kule fomu nguTheon wase-Aleksandriya ekhulwini lesi-4. N. E.

Nangona uvela kwimvelaphi yesiGrike, i-astrolabe inomdla kakhulu kuma-Arabhu. Ukuba kwakungekho kubo, mhlawumbi, isixhobo esinjalo sasingasifumani.

Ukutshutshiswa kweCawa

I-Middle Ages yayingekho ixesha elihle kakhulu lokuphuhliswa kwezesayensi eYurophu. Yonke ihlabathi, enye indlela okanye enye ezama ukuchaza ihlabathi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ingcamango kaThixo, yavakaliswa inkohliso kwaye iyingozi. Emva kokufa koBukumkani baseRoma, i-astrolabe yayikhohliwe iminyaka engama-West. Ngelo xesha, ijikelezo elitsha lembali yeso sixhobo saqala ngobukhulu bamazwe aseArabhu, apho izazinzulu ziye zandisa ubuchule bayo.

Uhlaziyo

Abaphathi beMpuma baye benza izilungiso zabo ekuqondeni ukuba yi-astrolabe. Ngoku ezi zixhobo zazisetyenzisiwe kuphela izibalo zeenkwenkwezi, ukuqhelaniswa kwendawo kunye nokubala kwexesha. I-Arabian astrolabes yenza ukuba kube lula ukwenza izibalo zeemathematika eziqinileyo, ukuchaza kwangaphambili iinkwenkwezi.

Kwii-expanses zasePersia, e-Indiya nakwamanye amazwe, kuye kwadalwa iincwadi ezininzi, eziqulethe inkcazo yesakhiwo nokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Bonke oososayensi abavelele babe ne sixhobo. Kwaye, kwaye kamva, sele sele eYurophu, isayensi yeenkwenkwezi zahlonishwa njengesizathu solwazi, kwaye isimboli sobulumko yayingu-astrolabe. Wonke umntu onenkwenkwezi owayengumcebisi kwinkundla yaseSultan wayazi indlela yokusebenzisa isixhobo.

I sixhobo

Ukwakhiwa kwe-astrolabe kwakuneengxenye ezininzi. Isiseko sisangqa sobhedu okanye ubhedu ngesigidi ngaphesheya komda, umgodi kunye nokukhawulela ngaphakathi. Olu phuhliso lwanceda ukubeka ngokufanelekileyo isixhobo esiphathelene nomgca wokugqibela. Kulo lonke ububanzi bendilinga bekukho amalebuli - isixa kunye namaqela, amadide okanye iiyure eziphawulwe kuyo. Nanku, imeko yezixeko ezinkulu yaziwa.

Ngokwe siseko se-astrolabe kwafakwa i-tympanum ebizwa ngokuba yi-tympanum-disk eneenkcazo ezibonisa ukukhanya kwezulu. Yayibonakalisa ipoleni yehlabathi, iindawo ezishushu ezisezantsi nakumazantsi, i-zenith enee-circular azimuth. Kwakukho amacandelo amaninzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngamnye wahlukekwa yimpawu zesikhundla se-zenith kunye nomgca we-horizontal, esebenzayo kwibala elinikeziweyo.

Ngaphezulu kwidiski kunye nokubonakaliswa kwesibhakabhaka, i-lattice yafakwa, ngenxa yezinto ezikhethiweyo zesakhiwo, esibizwa ngokuthi "isicabangca". Yayixhotyiswe ngezikhombisi zokuncedisa ukuba indawo yeenkwenkwezi ezigqatso. Iingcongolo zazivame ukwenziwa ngendlela yamaphetshana amahle kunye neengqungquthela, okwenza idizayilwe yonke ingabonakali nje ngomsebenzi osebenzayo, kodwa ikwazisa nokuzonwabisa.

Kwakhona eYurophu

Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, eWest, safunda kwakhona ukuba yi-astrolabe, ngenxa yocwaningo lwemisebenzi yabaphengululi beMpuma. Abantu baseYurophu baqalisa ukusebenzisa amacebo ase-Arabhiya, baze baziphathe ngokwabo. Iikopi ezintsha zahlotshiswe ngendlela yabasempuma. Kungekudala, i-astrolabes yaba yimizekelo ecacileyo yeziqokelelo.

Namhlanje eli sixhobo luphawu lweemfihlelo: i-astrolabe ihlala idibanisa kwiingcinga zabantu abachazwe ngabavumisi beenkwenkwezi, kunokuba bafunde ngeenkwenkwezi zeenkwenkwezi. Ngokomzekelo, ifowuni inokudibaniswa negama abaninzi abanalo ngoku - Maria Duval. I-Astrolabe yanikezela igama lenye yeefemu ezithumela ukubikezela okungathandabuzekiyo kokubhala kwakhe. Kodwa nangona kukho ukuphazamiseka kwexesha elizayo, isixhobo sobuninzi namhlanje siyinxalenye yembali yeenkwenkwezi, uphawu olutshabalalisayo lwexesha elidlulileyo kunye nesimo esihle.