Yintoni yokupheka isinyithi esingenasici? Ukwesekwa kwetheknoloji, izixhobo

Yintoni yokupheka isinyithi esingenasici - umbandela ochaphazelekayo kumashishini anamhlanje. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba olu hlobo lwensimbi luyimpahla enamandla, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunemiba ethile. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokwelusa kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bomsebenzi, nakwimikhemikhali.

Insimbi engenasici. Iimpawu eziphambili

Insimbi engenasici i-alloy yekhabhoni kunye neyinyithi, ehlanganiswe ne-chromium. Umxholo ophezulu wento yokugqibela uqinisekisa ukunganyaniseki okuphezulu kwimiba engqongileyo. I-Chromium oxides yakha ifilimu ekhethekileyo yokukhusela, ngenxa yokuba isiseko sensimbi igcina ukuhlala kwayo. Ukongezelela, isinyithi sidibene ne-nickel, cobalt, kunye ne-titanium. Izinzuzo eziphambili zensimbi engenamatshini zinqabile ukudibanisa nommandla onobudlova, amandla amakhulu, ngokulandelanayo kunye nexesha elide lokusebenza. Ukongezelela, isinyithi sinembonakalo enhle yobuhle.

Iimpawu zensimbi ye-welding , enganyangekiyo

Le ncwadana inokwandiswa okubanzi. Ngenxa yoko, umphumo we-thermal we-workpiece unokutshintsha, utshintshe ubungakanani bawo. Ukuze ugweme imeko enjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uhambelane ngokucacileyo kwi-gap ephezulu phakathi kweendawo ezidibanisayo. Isenzo sobushushu obuphezulu singakhokelela ekubeni insimbi echitshiweyo ilahlekelwa yipropati yayo, ukuchasana nokubola kukunciphisa. Kule meko, i-weld kufuneka icolile ngexesha. Ukuqhuba okuphantsi kwe-thermal kufuna ukunciphisa amandla angoku malunga nama-25%. Kwakhona kunenjongo yokukhetha i-electrodes ye-welding ngokuchanekileyo, kuba ikwazi ukugqithisa xa ide. Olunye ubunzima kubonakala ngathi i-carbides engabonakaliyo phezu komhlaba, i-intergranular corrosion.

Iindlela zokupheka isinyithi esingenasici

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokususa i-iron-resistant steel. Ngomncinci wesinyithi (1.5 mm), kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa i- arc welding (kwindawo yegesi ye-inert). Yintoni yokupheka isinyithi esingenasipuni kunye nobukhulu obungaphantsi kwama-0.8 mm? Kule meko, i-arsed method method is used. Izitye zaso zidibene kunye ne-arc kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo. Ukwandisa, indlela yokuhambisa i-plasma isetyenziswa. Ingasetyenziselwa ububanzi obubanzi beembalo. Iziqendu zomgca ezingaphezulu kwe-10 mm ziphekwe phantsi kwebhola yokuhamba. Sekunjalo usebenzisa i-welding nge-high-frequency currents, indlela ye-laser.

I-Argon yokwelusa impahla

Le nqubo ivela kwindawo yokhuseleko lwegesi-argon. Ikhusela loo nto kwimiphumo yomoya. Kwisistim esikhethekileyo i-arc yenziwe phakathi kwendawo kunye ne-tungsten electrode. Kwinkqubo yokufudumeza, imida iyancibilika, kubakho ukuhlamba okulondoloziweyo. Intambo ekhethekileyo yokususa i-stainless steel iyagcinwa rhoqo kwi-arc. Ukujoyina inkqubo ngokwayo kwenziwa kwinqanaba lika-90 °. Ngomsebenzi omgangatho ophezulu, kuyimfuneko ukuba ungabandakanyi nasiphi na isilumkiso esinqumlayo se-electrode. Ngenxa yoko, i-seam ngaphandle kwe-slags ifumaneka. Ukuxhamla okunjalo kukukumgangatho ophezulu, ukuzinza, kuyanelisa zonke iimfuno ze-aesthetic. Ukunyuselwa kwegesi yensimbi engenasici isetyenziswe kumacandelo amaninzi: iikhemikhali, ishishini lokutya, i-automotive, i-aircraft kunye nobunjineli bamandla. Phakathi kweempazamo zingabonwa kuphela inkcitho enkulu yexesha kwinkqubo ngokwayo. Kwakhona, iteknoloji idinga izakhono ezikhethekileyo namava avela kubasebenzi.

Izixhobo ze-argon-welding

Okokuqala, inverter iyadingeka kulolu hlobo lwenxibelelwano lwensimbi. Ukuguqulwa kwayo kunye nemodeli kakhulu kakhulu: "Svarog", i-KEMPPI Master, i-BRIMA, njl. Iinjongo eziphambili zeso sixhobo zilula ukusebenza, ubuncinane obukhulu kunye nobunzima, i-arc ehleliyo. Abaguquli bangasetyenziselwa ukuthungela phantse nayiphi na isinyithi, kunye nokudibanisa okukumgangatho ophezulu. Indlela yokupheka inverter yensimbi engenasiphina kwaye kufuneka ndiyicinge ntoni? Okokuqala, kufuneka ukhethe uhlobo lokushisa olufanelekileyo. Ezinye iimodeli azisebenzi kwindawo evulekile ngexesha lokubanda. Kwakhona kufanelekile ukuqwalasela amandla esi sixhobo. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya, inverter ene-current to 160 A (umzekelo, "Svarog TIG 200 P", PRO TIG 200 P) ifanelekile. Izixhobo zihlambulukile ngaphambi kokuba zicocwe kwaye zinciphise. Ukuze ulondoloze, i-cylinder yegesi ene-argon iyadingeka. Nangona ekusebenzeni oko kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-gas dilute. I- gas burner ifakwe kwi- hose hose , apho kufakwe i-tungsten electrode. Kwi-handleer burner kukho amaqhosha okubonelela ngoku kunye negesi. Ufuna kwakhona ucingo lwe-welding kwizinto ezifanayo kunye nezixhobo eziza kudibaniswa.

Imisebenzi ye-Welding Semiautomatic

Kunokuba upheke insimbi engenasici ekulungiseni imoto, ebomini? Kule meko, ngokuqhelekileyo sebenzisa indlela yokwelusa ngokuzenzekelayo. Iyakwenzeka kokubili kwindawo yokukhusela kwaye ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwegesi. Iimveliso ze-Semiautomatic zisetyenziselwa kwiimveliso ezinkulu zeemoto, ezibonisa umgangatho ophezulu wesigxina esinezixhobo. I-electrode kunye nezinto ezizaliswayo kule ngxaki yinkonzo ekhethekileyo. Unokusebenza kunye nezixhobo ngeendlela eziliqela: i-arc emfutshane, ukudluliselwa kwe-jet, ukuthuthwa kwe-pulse ye-stainless steel. Itheknoloji inikeza umsebenzi ngaphandle kwegesi ekhuselekileyo, nangona kunjalo kule mfuneko kuyimfuneko ukhethe i-electrodes ekhethekileyo ye powder. Le ndlela ilungele ukusebenza emoyeni. Akukho sidingo sokuthenga (kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, sichitha imali eyongezelelweyo) i-cylinder yegesi. Oku kunentsikelelo yayo - phezu kwexesha, idibene edibeneyo inokugqithiswa. Ngoko ke, iingcali zincoma ukusebenzisa i-electrodes ekhethekileyo kwi-stainless steel and welding usebenzisa i-argon. Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo ze-semiautomatic, zombini wekhaya ("FEB", "Svarog"), nakwamanye amazwe (BRIMA, EWM, TRITON, njl.). Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi eyabelwe, inani lemodeli kunye neempawu zezixhobo ezifunekayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode welding

Indlela yokupheka isinyithi esingenasipuni, ukuba iimfuneko ezizodwa kumgangatho wesondlo awunikeziwe? Njengomthetho, ukunyuka kwe-electrode kusetyenziswa kwiimeko zasekhaya, xa udibanisa zonke iintlobo zamabhobho, kwimveliso emancinci, kunye nokufumana i-weld short. Ingundoqo yale nkqubo yindlela yokwenza uxhumano oluvela kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nentsimbi ye-electrode. Iintlobo zezobugcisa ziquka ukulula ukwenza, ukukwazi ukudibanisa izitye ezahlukileyo (zombini ezinqamlekileyo kunye neziqendu ezinkulu). Akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa i-gesi, eyenza inkqubo ingabizi. Kwakhona ukunyuka nge-electrode kwenza kube lula ukufikelela kwiindawo ezinzima ukufikelela kuzo. Kukho ukungabikho kolu bugcisa. Okokuqala, i-weld seam idinga ukucoca kwi-slags eyenziwe. Okwesibini, isantya sokumhambisa sincinci.

Indlela yokukhetha i-welding electrodes

I-electrodes ngensimbi engenasininzi isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukujoyina i-alloys e-resistant corrosion esebenza kumaqondo aphezulu. Njengomthetho, iintonga zenziwa ngesiseko se-nickel, i-chromium. Nge- soud arc manual , ezimbini iintlobo ze-electrodes zingasetyenziswa. Umsebenzi wokuqala phantsi kweemeko ezikhoyo ngoku. Isibambiso esona sikhulu siquka i-magnesium, i-calcium carbonate. I-electrodes yokwesekwa nge-rutile yengubo ingasebenza kunye nokuhamba okukhoyo. Xa uhambisa i-argon, iintonga ezahlukeneyo ze-tungsten zisetyenzisiweyo. Ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza, azinyibiliki. Zininzi zazo iintlobo. I-electrodes ehlaza (WP) iqukethe i-tungsten ecocekileyo. Banikezela ngokuzinzileyo ngokwaneleyo kwe-arc. I-White-WZ-8 - idioped nge-zirconium oxide. I-Thorium oxide iyongezwa kwi-electrodes ebomvu. Eli liqela eliqhelekileyo, iintonga zinokumelana nokuphakama okukhulu. Kwakhona, i-tungsten electrodes ingaquka i-lanthanum, i-cerium.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlangeneyo

Emva kokuphela kwenkqubo yokujoyina iindidi kuyimfuneko ukucoca umgca. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ukwenzela ukuphucula ukubonakala, wandise ubomi. Ngaphandle koko, ukubola kungenzeka kule ndawo. Okokuqala, ukucocwa kwemishini yesalathisi edibeneyo kwenziwa. Eyona ndlela ihamba phambili, amajoyina akhathalela ukukhwabanisa. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kubandakanya ukugawula ubuso. Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa i-abrasives esekelwe kwi-corundum, njengoko inokubangela ukubonakala kwe-corrosion. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke ezi zinto zijoliswe ekuphuculeni ukubonakala kwe nxalenye. Khusela umgca weld wonakalo ngomonakalo, ukunyusa. Ukubanjwa kwinkqubo yonyango kunye neekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ezonakalisa izikali ezenziwe. Xa kunqunywe, into ekhethekileyo isetyenziswe kwisayithi elidibeneyo. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yalo, ifilimu ekhuselekileyo (ye-chromium oxide) ibonakala.

Indlela yeLaer yealloys welding

Enye yeendlela ezininzi zanamhlanje kunye nezobuchwepheshe zokunxibelelana ukukhwelisa i-laser yensimbi engenasici. Ingundoqo yale ndlela yindlela yokusebenzisa i-laser beam njengomthombo wokutshisa. Ukunyuka kweempahla kubonakaliswe ngesivinini esiphezulu, ukugxininisa kwamandla kwinqanaba. Impembelelo ye-thermal kwindawo, ekukufutshane kweso sondlo, ayibalulekanga. Ngako oko, umngcipheko wokwakheka kwezinto ezifudumele okanye ezibandayo akuncinci. Umthunzi ofunyenwe njengesiphumo uhlukaniswe ngamandla ayo, i-porosity ayikho. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuhambisa izixhobo zokudibanisa, igesi yokukhusela, kwisiza sokuxhuma. Ekubeni akukho zixhobo zombane, i-comprodes ye-welding ayiyi kungena. Ukunyuka kwe-laser kungasetyenziselwa nokuba zizinto zokugqoka, njengoko zonke iiplanga zincinci, zicocekile kwaye zomeleleka. Impendulo yodwa kukuba ukuba izixhobo zibiza kakhulu, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kobuninzi bokufakelwa okunjalo akunakwenzeka.