Yintoni na isiseko methodological ukuba GEF? Ukuphuculwa kwemfundo Russian

Imigangatho ezintsha baba egwebayo emsebenzini kootitshala. GEF laqalisa inkqubo entsha yemfundo Russian. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na isiseko methodological le GEF, yintoni ulwazi kufuneka utitshala.

Imfuneko isizukulwana sesibini imilinganiselo

Ngo-2010, i-eendaba thaca iziphumo zesifundo Pisa, leyo olwenziwe kumazwe 65, kuquka i-Russian Federation. Olu phando ngamazwe ingqalelo imibuzo emithathu:

• nokuba imigangatho yamazwe yoqeqesho;
• yintoni utshintsho kwenzeka kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwinkqubo yemfundo;
• yintoni na icala ukuphuculwa phambili noqeqesho kunye nemfundo kweli op-amp.

Njengenxalenye uhlalutyo nesicelo indlela inkqubo-umsebenzi ukulungiselela isaveyi ababandakanyekayo abafundi oneminyaka eli-15 ubudala. Evaluation lwaqhutywa kwezi nkalo zilandelayo: indlela ukufunda, izakhono logic, izakhono nenzululwazi yendalo. yaba umsebenzi ukuba abaphandi: ukuvavanya amandla abantwana ukusebenzisa ulwazi afunyenwe esikolweni kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo.

Ngokutsho uphando Russian Federation waba phezu kwendawo 45 ngaphandle kumazwe 65 obschebrazovatelnyh abafundi besikolo nokubhala. iingcali Russian zabonakalisa ukuba kukho unxulumano ngqo phakathi imeko yezimali entsatsheni ngenxa kakuhle uqeqesho umntwana. Iinkokeli of South Korea waqalisa le saveyi, Finland, China, Singapore.

Malunga ne-27% besikolo Russian ezingakhange zibonise ubuchule ukufunda ofunekayo, 29% musa kakuhle nezimaphambili ezingundoqo izibalo, 22% musa kahle imithetho yenzululwazi.

GEF-2 izizukulwana ebelizicwangcisile njengoko idabi ngokwenene kwimfundo Russian. Standards-based uyilo - ufakelo inguqulelo epheleleyo izikolo ukuba imodeli "phambili" iinkqubo zemfundo "ukubamba-up", non-ikopi-Europe. GEF Leo koqobo kwazithathela ingqalelo computerization oluntu, kwavela engundoqo ingcamango ngokusekelwe nenguqulelo entsha zemfundo. Xa ekupheleni OU kufuneka uye abemi yimpumelelo bangabanini ulwazi kunye nezakhono, ukuthanda ilizwe labo kunye nezithethe. Kwakhona phakathi iimpawu olwahlula le GEF Leo eziphawula lenguqu ukuya sobuchule zobunjineli kunye noyilo ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo-umsebenzi ndlela, yokwanda ukubaluleka umsebenzi wokufundisa kule OS.

Ezintsha kwi GEF

yipharadaym usisiseko yatshintshwa kulwazi-on kwinkqubo-msebenzi. ootitshala besikolo samabanga aphantsi baye baqaphela ukuba sisiseko methodological le GEF. Ukuze isifundo ngasinye, zibonakalisa izakhono zokufundisa jikelele, leyo kufuneka ube wonke umntwana.

Kwinkqubo yezemfundo yangaphambili phambi kokuba utitshala ukuba lo msebenzi - ukunika abafundi isixa ubuninzi ulwazi olutsha. Kuba umsebenzi ezintsha nenguqulelo waba indlela yobuchule, ukukhula buqu. GEF noluntu emfundo ukuba eziphumo zokuphela konyaka. Uxanduva lulele nemigangatho emitsha bonke abathathi nxaxheba kwinkqubo yezemfundo, kuquka umfundi ngokwakhe.

Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga yintoni isiseko methodological ye GEF, sebenzisa ingqiqo kwemfundo ngokomoya yaye yokuziphatha kunye nophuhliso nobuntu. Imigangatho ezintsha ifuna ingqalelo kakhulu kwinkqubo yemfundo kule OS. Umgangatho iqwalasela isikolo njengendawo isithuthi ungubani lwentlalo. DU isinyanzelo ukuphakamisa ngokuthanda uhlanga nokuba ngummi, ngokupheleleyo baphuhlise iitalente zabantwana, siyiphuhlisa, ukugcina intsebenziswano olusondeleyo kunye neentsapho labafundi, amaziko asekuhlaleni.

School kunye Society for nobuchwepheshe GEF amahlakani eyaziwayo, uthetha malunga nesivumelwano phakathi kumasipala, intsapho DU.

Kucingelwa kokuphuma kwinkqubo iklasi-isifundo yemveli, uphuhliso lwezakhono loyilo, uphuhliso lwezakhono wophendlo elizimeleyo kunye nokukhethwa ulwazi.

Isiseko methodological lokuphunyezwa kwe-GEF ibandakanya izakhono yeengcinga, ubuchule ukhetho, uhlahlelo lweziphumo. Xa ekuphuhliseni isizukulwana esitsha GEF ephambili kwaba ukubunjwa kwezakhono zokufunda jikelele kunye nesicelo abo ehlabathini lokwenene.

"Undoqo angundoqo" le GEF

Developers baqinisekile ukuba umahluko ophambili phakathi GEF kule ndlela kuncitshiswa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwendawo lemfundo ngokwesiseko uhlobo esisiseko. Ngexesha lokusekwa uqoqosho ukubaluleka kwemfundo esisiseko izicacele. Le iya kuba negalelo ekusetyenzisweni kobuchwepheshe ezintsha, i-Russian Federation ithuba lokuba babe ukukhuphisana kurhwebo. Ababhali ingqiqo unguye ACU Molchanov S. V., Volodarskaya IA, Asmolov AG Baqinisekile ukuba kwakuyimfuneko ukuze iquke uphando lwentlalo umgangatho ngokubanzi wemfundo. RF utshintsho ukusuka umhlaba woshishino ukuya uhlobo uluntu ulwazi, apho kugxininiswa amathuba ezintsha. Umsebenzi ophambili yemfundo zokwenene enjalo ngokwasengqondweni, ubuntu, uphuhliso yenkcubeko ngokubanzi. Umntwana ufumana imfundo esisiseko, kufuneka bakwazi ukufunda.

Elichaza isidanga GEF kwiklasi 4

Emva kweminyaka emine yokufunda umfundi kufuneka:

• uthando abantu, kwiphandle, elunxwemeni;
• ukuhlonipha nokwamkela amaxabiso oluntu kunye nosapho;
• ngomdla ukuvavanya ihlabathi, ukuba iyasebenza lokufuna;
• abe lichule ekufumaneni ulwazi, onoxanduva izenzo ezenziwa yi yoluntu kunye usapho;
• kuba nako ukuva, ukuba ukuphulaphula omnye umntu, uxhase izimvo zakho, ukuze achaze indawo;
• ukulandela imithetho indlela yokuphila esempilweni.

Elichaza GEF iziqu iiklasi 9

Ingcamango maxesha yemfundo ubeka iimfuno ezithile ukuya kwibanga lesi:

• ukuthanda ezweni labo, intsimi, uyazi ulwimi lomthonyama, ukuhlonipha amasiko nenkcubeko yabantu bayo ngokomoya;
• ukuqaphela bamkele imilinganiselo usapho kunye nobomi babantu, sinyamezele kubameli bezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo;
• ngomdla ukwazi ihlabathi, ukuba baqonde ukubaluleka komsebenzi, ubuchule, isayensi;
• bakwazi ukufunda ukuze kuqatshelwe ukubaluleka kwemfundo-self, ukusebenzisa ulwazi esilufumanayo kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla;
• bahloniphe imithetho Russian Federation, ukuba esebenzayo ngokwentlalo, ilifa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha;
• Siyayiqonda interlocutor ukuqhuba ezinenjongo, ukuba sisebenze ngokubambisana ukuphumeza le njongo;
• uyaqaphela wokusebenza nokukhuthaza ukhuseleko yokusingqongileyo;
• ingqalelo market imisebenzi, baqonde ukubaluleka zasemsebenzini ukuze abantu.

Elichaza isidanga GEF High School

• sokuthanda nokuxabisa kwilizwe, ummandla, izithethe zabo ezizezomoya eyaziwa kunye nenkcubeko yabantu, bahloniphe abantu;
• ukuqaphela yamkela amaxabiso oluntu, usapho, bahloniphe ngeentlanga, ukuqonda ubunini ilizwe labo;
• ubuchule bokucinga njengabahleli, ukufunda ngenjongo ngalo ihlabathi, ngokuthatha nokufunda ubomi ixabiso yobuciko nesayensi ukuze uluntu kunye nabantu abanomdla kwimfundo-self;
• bazazi iziseko ulwazi olukhulayo lwelizwe, ukushukunyiswa ezintsha kunye nobuchule;
• ukulungela sokubambisana, ukuphunyezwa zeprojekthi kunye nophando;
• ulwazi ngokwabo njengabantu, nokuhlonipha imithetho eli lizwe, ezalisekisa izibophelelo kurhulumente, uluntu, usapho, abantu;
• uluvo interlocutor ehlonelwayo, ukufumana into enivumelana kwinkqubo dialogue;
• ukuqhuba uqeqesho ukhetho abazi wobugcisa, ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwayo.

Ukubunjwa umgangatho

Ukuphuculwa imfundo Russian ukuba kuyimfuneko, banikwe izinto ezenzeka ekuhlaleni. Umgangatho iquka amaqela amathathu mfuno:

• kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yemfundo kwi lokuqala, embindini, senior umgangatho wemfundo ;
• OOP isakhiwo, umthamo ratio kunye isiphumo;
• abantu, izinto kunye nezo zobugcisa.

Ngoko ke yintoni isiseko methodological ukuba GEF? Kuba isikolo samabanga igcinwe ukwahlulwa ibe kwiinkalo zezifundo ezahlukeneyo, inika kwezicwangciso zomntu ngamnye uqeqesho, inguqulelo yakhe uqeqesho Abantwana abakhubazekileyo kunye unesiphiwo (unesiphiwo) abantwana. Utitshala wenza wokufundisa classical inceda umfundi ukuba self-uphuculo nophuhliso.

Yintoni izakutshintsha kwixesha kwimfundo lesibini (ngokupheleleyo) emva kokuba ukuqaliswa GEF?

Okokuqala zonke migangatho ifuna unciphiso kakhulu inani lezifundo. Kwezi-21 liya kuba 12. ekunika ezintsha umgangatho kubafundi eliphezulu isikolo ashiye domains 6, amakhwenkwe khetha ngokwabo ukuba bafuna uqeqesho. Njengesifundo esisinyanzelo DU ekhohlo: "Russia ehlabathini", ukhuseleko ubomi, inkcubeko emzimbeni. uqeqesho okukhethiweyo kuthathwa kumanqanaba amathathu zokufunda:

• kwinqanaba lokuqala (integrated);
• Inqanaba lesibini (isiseko);
• Inqanaba lesithathu (profile).

Kuba ngoqeqesho nophuculo olucetywayo iiyure ezi-5 ngeveki ezihlangeneyo kunye nesiseko - Iiyure ezi-3 ngeveki. Individual ikharityhulam kubafundi high school ibandakanya, izifundo ezintathu ezingundoqo ezintathu ezifunekayo emithathu engundoqo. umthwalo Iveki mayingagqithi iiyure 33.

nobuchwepheshe abasebenzi

Impumelelo ngokuqaliswa imigangatho emitsha yemfundo ixhomekeke emfundo kootitshala. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo ye-Russian Federation iseke imithetho emitsha ukuqinisekisa lootitshala, kwakunye nexesha ezifunekayo kuqeqesho (ubuncinane 1 nexesha kwiminyaka emine).

Le khosi yenzelwe ootitshala abasebenza lolawulo oluphakathi kunye abakhulu, ezichazwe iiyure 108 esikolweni samabanga aphantsi - Iiyure ezi-72.

Ngomhla ixesha ekuqalisweni kwe-generation yesibini OS GEF

Ukuze imfundo yamabanga eyasekwa ngo-2015 ukulungiselela abaphathi abaphezulu - 2017. ibanga Okwesihlanu, abafika ngo-2015 kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, baqhubeke nemfundo yabo phantsi imigangatho ezintsha. Kwindawo nganye kwaye kummandla Russian Federation ukuba iindawo ezikhethekileyo zovavanyo. Kwezo iisemina op, iinkomfa, uvavanyo, ngokuhlalutya iziphumo ezintsha. Standard sele stimulus enamandla ngophuhliso lobungcali katitshala. Ootitshala abasebenza ngendlela esilwazingalo uqeqesho, thumela nje ulwazi lwakho ngayo abafundi, wayethetha unomathotholo. GEF Utitshala isizukulwana esitsha idlala indima umkhapheli, kunye nabantwana ukwenza iprojekthi liqhuba uphando. Mentor nguye nomququzeleli, umsebenzi kwimodareyitha abafundi hayi lo mphathi.

Ngaba bekungayi kuba abantwana ukuyilayisha inkqubo entsha yemfundo?

Xa sithelekisa umthwalo besikolo Russian noontanga aseYurophu, umahluko malunga ne-25%. Ukongeza, kulo naliphi na ilizwe musa neeholide elide ezifana abafundi OU Russian. Ekuhlalutyeni iiyure ngeveki, kukho ukulayisha kakhulu kwabafundi esikolweni. ERashiya, ubude ubuncinane isikolo - engama-10, ngeli xa amazwe "ihlabathi elidala" abantwana bafunde iminyaka 12-13. Xa ukwandiswa ubomi GEF yesikolo ukuya ku-12 ziya ndiyenza abafana nabuganga ukuthandabuza yokungabikho kwexesha kwi profile yenkqubo.

isiphelo

izinto ezintsha kwindlela uncedo yemfundo ukwenza ubuntu ngempumelelo, apha naphaya zokwenene zale mihla. Ekuphumezeni indlela inkqubo-umsebenzi wemfundo ngummi weli lizwe uza, ngubani owaziyo ukuba ukuhlonipha nokwazisa namasiko alo ngayo. Abafundi bafunda ukulawula indlela aziphatha ngayo, bathathe uxanduva ngabo, ukuba isigqibo ngokusekelwe ulwazi olufundiweyo esikolweni, imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ushenxiso lwesixa ingqwalasela kwizakhono zezifundo emxinwa nolwazi ukuba jikelele, uphuhliso self-lwazi. Imigangatho ezintsha isiseko esisiseko, bacebisa ukuba ukwanda ngabafundi umdla wolwazi iinkalo zezifundo ngamnye, ngokubanzi, ukuze inkqubo yokufunda. Ukubaluleka lwazi wakhanyela, kodwa ngaphambi ngummi, izwe, zizwana. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe kumsebenzi wokufundisa. Kunye notitshala abazali kufuneka ibe umoya umntwana kunye nomgangatho yokuziphatha.