Uhlalutyo ezintweni ezibonwayo lwenzeka kwi receptors: izinto ezininzi ezinomdla ngale nkqubo

Uhlalutyo ezintweni ezibonwayo ithatha indawo receptor. Okunye ngqo, apho kuqala. Ngoko kusekho iinkqubo ezininzi ezinxulumene kohlalutyo. Ngokubanzi, yonke into eyenzekayo emzimbeni womntu - yinto umdla kakhulu. Yaye lo mxholo kungekho ngaphandle. Ngoko kuhle ukuba uthethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi.

imiqondo

Ngoko ngaphambi kokuba ubaxelele apho uhlalutyo zizinto ezibonwayo, singathanda ukuba sivandlakanye iingqiqo ngokwabo. Ngoko ke, ngokusebenzisa mvo ngqo neuron esoloko wondla ulwazi. Oku akuthethi into yesibini yonke - ngokuqhubekekayo. In inxalenye eseleyo kwi uthinte lifumana zizimvo abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Kunye naluphi na ulwazi nokushukunyiswa zihlahlelwe ngenyameko. Kuyimfuneko ukuba umsebenzi ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni womntu.

Ngoko ke, uhlalutyo zizinto ezibonwayo lwenzeka kwi receptors, ngalinye leqela ke kunobuzaza ukusebenzisa eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ulwazi. Ntoni na, xa sithetha nokuthelekelela? Ngokwendalo okubonakalayo, ngokunjalo receptors basabela ubukhulu umbala nokukhanya.

Kanye kule receptors kuvela iminqweno, ukuba uwele luvo afferent, leyo kuwa phakathi kwinkqubo luvo. Kwaye ngoko ke ukufika kwindawo nemijikelo ye uthinte.

iziko mbono

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba umzimba indoda kunye nasiphi na esinye isidalwa esiphilayo iliso. Okunye ngqo, ukuba igama layo Indies. Enyanisweni, iqulathe lweliso lakho kunye nezixhobo abangabancedani. Baye umsebenzi wabo. Kwaye ke yeso owenza eyona nto ibalulekileyo, enyanisweni ibe yinxalenye peripheral zonke analyzers.

Umfundi - into yokuqala endifuna ukuzoba ingqalelo, sithetha uhlahlelo ezintweni ezibonwayo. Senzeka umfundi ekukhanyeni inkqubo ukufunxeka. Ngawo imitha zakhe kuwela esweni. Kukho retina, ngaba isakhiwo entsonkothileyo kakhulu buthathaka. Kwaye phezu kobuso kuyo kweentonga kunye iikhowuni (oku iiseli ukukhanya-sensitive). Yaye iiseli kunye namagqabi ngqo luvo. Yena - oku ekuqaleni Uhanjiso le analyzer.

refraction

Ngoko ke, emva kokuba kudlule imiqadi ngazo inwebu kunye ulwelo zolwelo, iqala uhlahlelo ezintweni ezibonwayo. Senzeka ilens, uze lungena ngokukhululekileyo vitreous. Konke oku inkqubo enombala iso, leyo refracts rays, uze emva koko ziqokelela sele kwi retina.

Kwakhona umdla yinkqubo apho umfanekiso aze ahlalutye. Ngaloo ndlela, imitha ezayo, enyanisweni, iingongoma ezimbini parallel, refracted sibekwe kwiretina. Kodwa zibheke ezantsi (xa sithetha ngolwimi olulula). Kodwa ke kwakhona ukuba kudlula zemizwa ingqondo yethu oza sele luyasetyenzwa zocaphulo iinkcukacha (umfanekiso).

Yenzeka lonke lens yokugoba. Ngenxa yoku, lo mfanekiso uze wenze. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba lens kanye retina - inxalenye-ethe kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu enombala kwaye isiphene encinane kunokukhokelela kungalingani ecacileyo. Ngenxa yoku, umfanekiso nga swi akunjalo engacacanga kakhulu, yaye emva kwiretina. Oku a lee-bisayo. Xa umfanekiso swi phambi retina - oko kukuthi, ngokulandelelana, elifutshane-bisayo.

Kweentonga ezo neziqina

Kwezi ezenza sele kutshiwo ngasentla. Uhlalutyo ezintweni ezibonwayo lwenzeka kuzo, nazo. Ngezinti zibizwa kakhulu uvakalelo receptors radiation ukukhanya. Kubo, nesimo inokude kube ngorhatya izibane buthathaka. Noko ke, abazange aphendule umbala. Leyo ke yinyaniso, kwezinye shades zaveza izinto. It iinkuni abasetyenziswa ngalo mzuzu, xa indoda eyayihamba kwisitrato esimnyama ukwahlula silhouettes kuzo iimoto, izindlu kunye nabanye abantu, kodwa ayikwazi ukuphendula umbuzo: yintoni umbala - grupo, oluhlaza, okanye emnyama?

Cone, njengoko unokuthekelela, akukho iso ekukhanyeni. Kodwa kubo, siya bahlule phakathi imibala kunye nombala. Bona ziphambi umfundi. Nge ubudala, inani cone ukunyuka baze babe bomelele, oku Ulohlalisa ingongoma yokuba umntu ikhula, ungahlula imibala ngaphezulu ezikhanyayo.

lithathelwe

Le yenye ingongoma ukuba ndingathanda ukuphakamisa ingqalelo, sithetha uhlahlelo ezintweni ezibonwayo. Senzeka kwinkqubo efanayo optical. Ukuziqhelanisa - kuba amehlo iziyobisi ukuqonda indawo zabo kumanqanaba ekukhanyeni ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu ehleli ebusuku ekhaya, uze ngesiquphe izibane ukuphuma; ngokuba ixesha elithile yena uvakalelwa ngathi ziimfama. Noko ke, emva kokuba umzuzu okanye emibini eqalisa ukwahlula isithunzela bezinto, ngoko, baqhele, yaye akazange aqale kubona oko eziyingqongileyo kuyo. Yiba iyure ku tirhisa ebumnyameni, kunokwenzeka ukwandisa uvakalelo amehlo akho amaxesha ezimakhulu mabini! Leyo uhlalutyo ethile ezintweni ezibonwayo.

Yenzeka le luvo optic lumalunga efanayo, xa umntu enentsholongwane aphume ebumnyameni angene egumbini ngokuqaqambileyo ovuthayo. Kwaye ke kukho indawo. Le yinkqubo apho ziqhelana amehlo ukwahlula izinto ngokwemigama ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokubanzi kwinkqubo yethu enombala yinkqubo mass. Akukho ngaphantsi ebangel 'umdla ukubona kunye ezikude, ezifana nombala yimfama, njalo njalo. D. Noko ke, oku isihloko ebanzi kakhulu kwaye multi-amaninzi kwaye kufuneka sele ukuthetha ngokwahlukeneyo.