Yintoni into hydrophobic?

Abanye abantu nethamsanqa kwizifundo chemistry esikolweni kwi akubona kuphela ukubhala ulawulo nokubala ubunzima izinyo okanye zibonise Valence, kodwa bajonge indlela utitshala uqhuba imifuniselo. Soloko ngaphakathi sikhokelo ukucikideka ngokungathi ulwelo magic kwi kwimibhobho ke akucingeleki, ukutshintsha umbala, okanye nantoni na enye into zisenokuqhushumba okanye zivutha kamnandi. Mhlawumbi akunjalo emangalisa, kodwa ngamava umdla, ezisebenzisa izinto esibamba kunye hydrophobic. Hi ndlela leyi, yintoni na kwaye yintoni na ukwazi?

iipropati ngokomzimba

Eklasini chemistry, edlula i element elandelayo lwezakhi, ngokunjalo zonke izinto ezisisiseko, ndiqinisekile kwakukho intetho malunga iimpawu zazo ezahlukeneyo. Kuquka kuchaphazela iimpawu zabo ngokwasemzimbeni: uxinano, chaza othunyelweyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, indawo yokunyibilika nokubilisa, lukhuni, umbala, lombane, conductivity thermal, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Maxa wambi nam ngayo iimpawu ezifana hydrophobicity okanye hydrophilicity, kodwa lilodwa, njengoko umthetho, loo nto ayithethi kuthi. Okwangoku, kubalulekile kakhulu iqela umdla zezinto lula ukuba adibane nazo apha kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba ufunde kabanzi ngazo.

hydrophobe

Imizekelo ngokulula kususwa ebomini. Ngoko ke, awukwazi mix amanzi ngeoli - ngaba iyaziwa yonke. Ayikho ukuluhlakaza, kodwa ihlala amaqamza ezidadayo okanye ifilim phezu kwamanzi, ngokuba ukuxinana linzulu. Kodwa kutheni yaye ziziphi na izinto hydrophobic ngakumbi?

Ngokuqhelekileyo eli qela ziquka amafutha, ezinye ngeeproteni nangenucleic acids, kwakunye silicones. Ukusetyenziswa gama livela amagama Greek hydor - amanzi kunye phobos - noloyiko, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba iimolekyuli noyika. Nje, ke bambalwa okanye ezingenakunyibilika, zibizwa ngokuba non-ezibandayo. hydrophobicity Absolute kungenzeki, kwanabo ziimveliso obonakala modem ngamanzi, kodwa ukukuqonda, nangona iimali umkhondo. Ukuziqhelisa, qha izinto ezinjalo kunye H ₂ O ivela njenge ifilimu okanye amathontsi, okanye ulwelo uhlala phezu komhlaba kwaye kuthatha uhlobo ibhola, kuba unawo kobuso lincinane uze unike contact kuncinane.

Iipropati Hydrophobic zicacisiwe yi isakhiwo imichiza kwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Oku ezinxulumene akutsalwa ephantsi iimolekyuli zamanzi, njengoko isenzeka, umzekelo, hydrocarbon.

izinto esibamba

Igama eli qela, njengoko sinako unokuthekelela ngokulula, kakhulu, livela amagama Greek. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, inxalenye yesibini philia - uthando, kwaye ngokupheleleyo olwahlula ubudlelwane ezi zinto emanzini - epheleleyo "ukuqonda" kunye ukunyibilika enkulu. Kweli qela, maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba "polar" ziquka alkoholi ezilula, iswekile, acid njalo njalo. D. Ngako oko, ukuba ilifa ezi mpawu ngenxa yokuba amandla nomdla kakhulu iimolekyuli zamanzi. Ngokwenene, ngokwenene, zonke izinto ezo esibamba ukuya ithile enoba kukancinane okanye.

amphiphilic

Yaye ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ubuncwane hydrophobic babe zombini esibamba kunye neepropati? Kubonakala, ewe! Eli qela kwezinto ekuthiwa diphilic okanye amphiphilic. Kubonakala ukuba elinye imolekyuli enye babe kubume bayo enyibilikayo - polar amanzi angangeni - izinto nonpolar. iimpawu ezinjalo, umzekelo, ilifa iiproteni ezithile, lipids, surfactants, iipholima, kunye peptides. Xa wadibana ngamanzi akha izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo supramolecular: monolayers, liposomes, micelles, iinwebu bilayer, vesicles, njl Amaqela polar kulo mzekelo utsaleleka ukuya kulwelo ...

Intsingiselo kunye nesicelo ebomini

Ukongeza impefumlelwano amanzi neoli, zinokufunyanwa eninzi ubungqina bokuba izinto hydrophobic zifumaneka phantse kuyo yonke indawo. Ngenxa yoko, indawo ecocekileyo zesinyithi, semiconductors, nesikhumba izilwanyana, izityalo namahlamvu, ngechitin kwekhava izinambuzane kufuneka iipropati efanayo.

Kwindalo, zombini iindidi iikhompawundi ibalulekile. Ngenxa yoko, hydrophiles ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha izondlo kwizilwanyana nezityalo, iimveliso ekupheleni yokucolwa ayaboniswa nawo kunye nesisombululo iziselo eziphilayo. izinto Non-polar ngaba ukubaluleka enkulu ekubunjweni inwebu yeseli kunye permeability uyakhetha. Kungenxa yoko le mihlaba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo eziphilayo.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oosonzululwazi nokuphuhlisa izinto ezintsha hydrophobic apho ukwazi ukukhusela izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka ilele nongcoliseko, ngaleyo ndlela nkqu imiphezulu self-lokucoca. Clothing, iimveliso zesinyithi, izinto zokwakha, iglasi lwemoto - izicelo ezininzi. ukufunda ngakumbi ngalo mbandela kuya kukhokelela kuphuhliso izinto multifobnyh, nto leyo eya kuba sisiseko iindawo ukungcola-mathumbu. Ngokwenza izinto ezinjalo, abantu ukonga ixesha, imali kunye nezibonelelo, kwaye uya kuba nako ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo abacoci. Ngoko ke uphuhliso kuza kuzuza wonke.