Bem uElizabethe: i-biography kunye neefoto

I-talente enhle, eyazisa ukukhanya kunye nenjabulo kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana, yayine-Elizabeth Berm (1843-1914).

Ubuntwaneni kunye nolutsha

UBem Elizabeth uzalwe eSt. Petersburg kwintsapho yabafuduki abavela kwindlu yakudala yaseTatar ye-Endaurs abafudukela kwinkonzo yama-Russian tsars ekhulwini le-15. Wayehlala kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweyishumi elinesibini wahlala kwindawo yobawo ephondo laseYaroslavl. Kuze kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe uBem Elizabeth wayebathande ubomi basemaphandleni kunye nabantwana belali. Bahlala bephefumlelwe, ngelixa u-Elizaveta Merkurievna waba ngumdala. Yaye ngelixa intombazana ingavumi ukuhamba ipencilisi kwaye ivakalise nayiphina iphepha elithile elithile elaliyifumene nengalo yakhe. Abahlobo babazali bakhe bacetyiswa ukuba bamnike ubugcisa kwintombazana. Abazali, xa intombi yakhe ineminyaka eyi-14 ubudala, yammisela kwisikolo seZiko lokuKhuthaza abaPhicothi. Ootitshala bakhe babe ngabantu ababalaseleyo - uP. Chistyakov, I. I Kramskoy, A. Beidman. Isikolo uBem uElizabethe waphumelela kwiminyaka engama-21 ngowe-1864 ngeGold Medal.

Umtshato

Iminyaka emithathu kamva uLizchka Endaurova utshata noLudwig Franzevich Böhm. Wayeneminyaka engama-16 ubudala, kodwa ekhangeleka kakhulu ngokunyaniseka kwakhe. Wayengumculi we-violin, kamva wasebenza njengomfundisi kwi-St Petersburg Conservatory. Kwakuhlala kunomculo endlwini yabo, kungekhona nje i-violin eyodwa. I-pianoforte yayiyinto eyintandokazi. Umtshato othi uBem u-Elizabeth wangena wavuya. Wazala abantwana abaninzi. Intsapho yayihlala kwisiqithi saseVasilievsky, kamva, xa abantwana bekhulile baze baqala ukuhlala ngokwahlukileyo, kusekhona kwaye ngaphandle kwayo yonke intsapho kunye nabazukulwana-gymnasiums babuthana kwindlu enobubele yokuvakamkela kuka-ugogo u-Elizaveta Merkurievna, kwaye kwakhona i-violin i-violin i-violin, Beethoven, kunye noLudwig Franzevich owayedlala ngoku. Wamzisa naye eVienna.

Silhouettes

Kwiminyaka ye-XVII, i-hobby of cutting scissors ukusuka kwiphepha elixutywe lamaphepha-i-portraits-i-silhouettes, imifanekiso yecala yeefayile, yazalwa. Ngekhulu le-XVIII, kwakuyindlala nje. Abantu bahlala kunye neentsuku zonke iintsapho zatyhila imifanekiso engaphezulu okanye engancinci. Kungaba ngamanqanawa, ukuqhuba amahashe okanye umfanekiso odeleyo wendoda enentsimbi kunye nenqanawa. Ngenxa yoko, kwakusetyenziswe iphepha elimnyama nelomhlophe kunye nebala. Wathandwa ngulo noHans Christian Andersen. Kwakukho iingcibi kulo msebenzi omhle, owazikhangela ngobuchule. Ngekhulu le-XIX, uBem Elizabeth wamphakamisa kumgangatho wobugcisa obuphakamileyo. Ukususela ngo-1875 waqala ukwenza iifoto ezibonakalayo kwindlela yokwenza i-lithography. Ngendawo ephosiweyo yelitye, wafaka umzobo ococekileyo kunye neenkcukacha ezigqithiseleyo (iinwele zeengcongolo zabantwana, iintsiba zeentaka, iiliti ezinxibe iimpopu, iintlobo ezintle kakhulu zengca, iintyatyambo zamagqabi), emva koko wawubeka nge-acids, kwaye ngenxa yoko, emva kokupenda kunye nokushicilela ummangaliso omncinci kwenzeka . Ngendlela enzima kangaka u-Elizaveta Bem wenza i-silhouettes. Ngoku banokuphrinta ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukujikelezwa kweencwadi. Okokuqala kwakukho amakhadikhadi "I-Silhouettes". Kwiminyaka emibini kamva i-albhamu "I-Silhouettes ebomini yabantwana" yakhululwa. Ubuncinane ama-albhamu amahlanu apapashwa kamva. Babenandipha ukuthandwa ngabantu abangenangqondo. Aye ashicilelwa kuphela eRashiya, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe, ngakumbi eParis. Abalandeli bakhe babenguLoan Tolstoy no-Ilya Repin.

Imizekeliso

UBem uElizabhete ukususela ngo-1882 wabonisa iimagazini zezingane "Toy" kunye neMalyutochka. " Kamva - inzala yamagama "Repka", iingoma zam I. Krylov kunye ne "Notes of the Hunter" ngu-I. Turgenev, A. Chekhov, N. Nekrasov, N. Leskov. Kwaye kuye yonke impumelelo kuye. Ugxeki olungqongqo V. V. Stasov uthetha ngomdla ngemisebenzi yakhe. Ama-silhouettes ayo aphinda aphinda aphindwe kwiYurophu. Emva kwesinye, iimpapasho zakhe zapapashwa eBerlin, eParis, eLondon, eVienna nakwiizwe. Nangona xa umbono ubuthathaka (1896) kwaye umculi washiya ubugcisa be-silhouette, namanje imisebenzi yakhe ithathe inxaxheba kwimiboniso yamazwe ngamazwe, ukufumana iindondo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngo-1906, umculi wanikwa imali yegolide eMilan.

ABC

Ngethuba lethu kwakungenakwenzeka ukuseka ngokukodwa xa kushicilelwe incwadi yokuqala ye-ABC. Kubonakala ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ekupheleni kwama-80s. Lo msebenzi mhle waza wamtsala umntwana, wamnyanzela ukuba akhangele imidwebo embala, ngokukhawuleza akhumbule iileta. Kule leta "i-beeches" yokuqala ibhalwe ngesimo senyoka, esithatha umsila wayo. Umfanekiso wenkwenkwana encinane. Kwiphepha ngalinye kwakukho umbhalo wokuzonwabisa, owawuhamba nomfanekiso obalabala. Iileta zafezwa ngesitala salabo baqalayo abenza umbala obunjani obunobuncwane bama-miniature of the 14th-16th centuries. Ngokomzekelo, incwadi yokuqala ibenzi. Ubonisa i-guslar encinci, ehlala e-hut kwisitulo kunye nezivakalisi. Ngothando kumfundi omncinci, wenza imifanekiso ngu-Elizaveta Böhm. "ABC" inomtsalane kwaye ayivumeli ukuba ahambe nawuphi na abazali abafundisa umntwana wabo, okanye umntwana ojongisisa kakuhle umfanekiso ngamnye, ukuphulaphula oko abazali bakhe bemfundayo. Le "Azbuka" iphinde iphetshwe ngeendlela zesipho kunye nekhulu lama-XXI kunye neengubo zesikhumba kunye neengxowa ezigubungele ngeengubo zethusi. Kwaye phakathi kwekhulu le-XX ezinye zeencwadi zabhalwa kwakhona eNew York.

Iiphostadi zeeholide

Lo ngumgca okhethekileyo kumsebenzi wenkosi. Vula iileta, ezitywe ngu-Elizabeth Bem, umculi ulungele ukukhangela kwaye akhumbule. Lawa makhadi eeholide apho abantu bathumela iKrisimesi okanye iPasika. Iisayinithi zenziwe ngumculi ngokwayo, ebonisa ubulumko obukhulu. Iicatshulwa zazibandakanya izinto zeengoma zePasika, kunye neziqulatho ezivela kwizibongo zaseRashiya kunye neengcamango zesaga kunye namazwi. Iipascards zavela ekuqaleni kwee-1900. U-Elizaveta Bem uqale wabambisana kunye nendlu yokupapasha yaseSt. Eugenia, kamva-eSt. Petersburg kunye nenkampani uRichard no-IS. I-Lapin eParis. Iileta ezivulekileyo zapapashwa kwiimveliso ezinkulu ngokwemiqathango yelo xesha - iikopi ezingamakhulu amathathu. Kukhangeleka ukuba kukho abantwana abanomtsalane kwaye bathwala amaqanda anemibala kunye nemilwane. Kodwa le nkwenkwe nentombazana inomnandi kangangokuba umzobo obalaseleyo wombala uthetha kakhulu entliziyweni.

Iikhodi zeposi nganye imihla

Kwakhona babethanda abathengi, kuba baboniswa imifanekiso evela ebomini baseRashiya, bezele izibongo, ukunyaniseka nokuziphatha. Kubo, umculi wenza izityinwe. Kwaye abalingani abakhulu beepascards zakhe babengabantwana basemzaneni, u-Elizaveta Merkurievna abone zonke ihlobo xa efika kwifa elikufutshane neYaroslavl. Abo, ngokomzekelo, baxabana, babethetha incwadi evulekileyo, eyayibiza ukuba ingabi ngumsindo kwaye ingabi yi-beech, kodwa yenza uxolo. Apha a bantwana bembethe iingubo zembali, eziziqokelele. Umculi wayenomqoqo omkhulu wezobugcisa nezetyenziso. Ngoko, akunakwenzeka ukumtyhawula ngenxa yokungathembeki. Nangona "inqabileyo" efana nekhadi leposi, yaba ngumsebenzi wobugcisa, osekelwe enyanisweni. I-sweet card ipostadi ngokubhaliweyo "intliziyo yempendulo ilinde." Ezi zithuba zekhadi zalandelwa izithethe zenkcubeko yesizwe kwaye zibandakanya izinto zengqungquthela.

Ukwenza izitya

Ngengozi ngeglasi kunye nokuqhutyelwa kwayo, uye waya kumzalwana wam uAlexandria ngenjongo yokuvelisa i-crystal, kwaye le nto iteknoloji eyinkimbinkimbi, u-Elizaveta Mercuryevna wathatyathwa, kwaye, njengokuba wayesoloko ephumelele. Okokuqala, ekujonge iindawo ezindala zemveli, iikomityi, iikomityi, i-ladles, waqala ukwenza imilo. Emva koko waya kumzobo. Kwaye oku kwakuxhomekeke kumsebenzi onobuthi obunobuthi befluoride. Xa kulungiswa ingilazi, umculi ubeka kwi-mask. Kwaye kwangoko ngomnyaka lowo waqala ukujongana nentambo yeglasi, embonisweni waseChicago wathola iMidal Gold.

Ngomnyaka we-1896, umnyaka weshumi amabini we-Elizaveta Merkurievna wenziwa umsebenzi wokudala. Yonke inhlakanipho yokudala iphendule kuye. Ukubuliswa kwavela kuLoan Tolstoy, I. UAivazovsky, I. U-Repin, u-V. Stasov, u- A. Somov, u-I . Zabelin, u- A. Maikov.

Ngomnyaka we-1904, u-Elizaveta Merkurievna waba ngumhlolokazi, kodwa wayengenakucinga ubomi obungenakulinganiswa. Kwaye ngo-1914, ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, wafa. Ngexesha leSoviet, umsebenzi wakhe wawungekho mfuneko, bezama ukulibala. Ubungqina bokuba uElizabeth Bem wadala akazange afe. I-biography yakhe yavuya. Imisebenzi yakhe iyaphila kwaye iyamkholisa kumanqaku akhe ngoku, xa ikhulu leminyaka kamva yadlula emva kokufa kwakhe.