Yintoni iHollywood? Iinkwenkwezi ezidumileyo zase-Hollywood: abadlali kunye nabadlali

Akukho mntu onjalo namhlanje emhlabeni, mhlawumbi, onokungazi ukuba yiyiphi iHollywood. Wonke umntu uya kuxela kuyo yonke into enokwenzeka malunga nefektri enkulu yefilimu, apho inani elikhulu leefilimu ehlabathini lifakwe kwaye lifakwe ngelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nantoni na abantu, nokuba nabo bahlala apho, abayaziyo oko iHollywood, ngokupheleleyo.

Imbali

Indawo apho iinkwenkwezi eziqhakazileyo zaseHollywood zihlala khona, apho unokuhlangana khona no-Angelina Jolie, uBred Pitt okanye uKevin Costner ngqo kwisitrato, sele ikhona ixesha elide kakhulu, kuba ookuqala-abaSpanish, abashushisayo bama-Aborigines. Emva kokukhululwa kwemimandla evela kumaNdiya, kwakukho iifama ezimbini, izityalo zokugcina izityalo kunye nemimandla enezityalo ezahlukeneyo: iipinapula kunye neebhanana zakhulile, kunye nengqolowa nombona. Yintoni iHollywood yekhulu leshumi elinesithoba? Olu lulimo.

Ngomnyaka we-1886, ii-ranch zombini zathola enye inkosi kunye negama elikhoyo nanamhla. Kwi-ranch ebumbene, kwakukho izindlu zokuhlala apho izindlu zaqeshiswa okanye zithengiswa, ngoko ke kwakhiwa izitrato kunye ne-boulevards. Kwizitrato ezisemgangathweni, ngokwemvelo, izindlu zazihloniphekile, zide kwaye zikhulu. Abanikazi beli ranke baphenduka babe ngababukeli, badala kwaye baxhasa iilayibrari, izikolo, iintempile. I-Hollywood yahluma ngokuqala kwekhulu lama-20.

Ngamashumi amabini wenkulungwane

Omnye umonakalo wesixeko kukungabikho kwamanzi okusela, kuphela ngenxa yoko, wayengenakunyulwa ukuba ahlale kunye, ukusuka eLos Angeles iHollywood yayixhomekeke kakhulu. Ifilimu yokuqala yesentshona malunga neenkomo ze-cowboys yafakwa apha ngo-1911, njengoko izithambiso zokudala ezisezitratweni ezintle zeso sixeko zagcina umoya wendawo endala yaseWest West. Yilapho ihlabathi lizwe okokuqala i-Hollywood. Imozulu kunye nesimo esithile se-bohemi ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwabahlali banomdla kakhulu ekuzalweni kwe-capital cinematic.

Ukususela ekukhutshweni kwefilimu yokuqala, ngaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi kudlulileyo ukususela ekubeni isixeko sagcwaliswe kwiindawo zokutya kunye neebhanki, iiklabhu kunye neendawo zokudlala. Icandelo lefilimu laqalisa ukuphuhliswa kwalo ngokukhawuleza. Izindlu zihlukana ngokukhawuleza zibe zihloniphekileyo, apho iinkwenkwezi zaseHollywood zihlala (ukuqondisa nokusebenza), kunye nabasebenzi-kubasebenzi benkonzo. Icandelo eliphambili lomuzi laza laza laza lahlala kwakhona, le ndawo yaphela ukuhlala. Izakhiwo zahanjiswa kwiindawo ezininzi zorhwebo.

I zi boniso

Ngoko, ngokukaCharlie Chaplin, owona obalaseleyo abadlali baseHollywood, amadoda eetalente eziqaqambileyo kunye nokubonakala okugqithiseleyo akakwazi ukufana, lo mboni usenza ifilimu emva kokuba wenze imali. Abantu abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi babefuna ubuncinane ukuhamba kule mijelo, apho izithixo zabo zahamba khona, kwaye intombazana yonke ebunzulu bomphefumlo wayo yayiqinisekile ukuba uya kuba yinkwenkwezi. Ama-Hollywood abenzi bezobugcisa basichazela iifashthi kwihlabathi lonke, kungekhona nje indlela yokugqoka, kodwa indlela yokubukeka, ukugubha, ukudlala ngamehlo abo - babeyinto enhle kakhulu, ngokutsho kuka-Ilya Ilf, oye watyelela i-Hollywood.

Umbhali odumileyo waseSoviet wacela ukuxolelwa ngenxa yegama elithi "bitch", kodwa ekuxoliseni okufanayo wongezelela amanye amagama alishumi, apho wayefanele axolise. Abadlali baseHollywood abavela kuma-actresses abazange balele emva komthetho wefestile, bonke abafana bafuna ukuba babe nesibindi kwaye batyebile, banxibe ngokugqithiseleyo nangendlela yokuphosa ngemali. Kuqikelelo lwe-kinogorod lwaluhlanganisana nabangaphambili kunye noBerldld Brecht, besithi ufumana isonka ngokuthengisa ubuxoki eHollywood.

Amadlelo aseBhohem

Ukugqithisa kweGolide ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 sele sele kuphelile, imali sele isomile, kwaye yonke iCalifornia iye yaba malunga namanzi asemva ngokumalunga namaziko oshishino. I-Cinematography iphinda iphakanyise eli lizwe ukuya phezulu, mhlawumbi likhulu nakakhulu. Iifilimu zaseHollywood zilula ukudubula kwaye zinenzuzo, kuba akukho mfuneko yokuhamba kude-nokuba kwimiba enjalo ayixhomekekanga, kuba imvelo yaseCalifornia iyona ehluke kakhulu kwiindawo zokujonga indawo. Yonke into isondele: ulwandle, iintaba, iintaka ezintle, amahlathi amakhulu, ihlathi eliqhumayo.

Apha, kule ngqungqutyana encinane kwintsimi, unokudubula umhlaba welizwekazi nakwiyiphi nakazikazi yomhlaba, kunye neemephu zezinto ezihambelanayo-apho indawo efanelekileyo ihambelana nale nto okanye ikhonkco lomhlaba. Ukongeza, ifilimu, izixhobo zokukhanyisa kunye nemigangatho yazo kwiminyaka yokuqala yokuphuhliswa kweenkcukacha zenkcubeko zishiyeke kakhulu. Kukhankanywe kuphela kwilanga. Ngelanga eliseCalifornia ngokubanzi akukho ziingxaki, kulezi ndawo inani leentsuku ezinelanga lililo lilodwa lezona zibalulekileyo kwihlabathi. Imali yabaleka kuloo mzi, kunye nabo babonakala kwinani elikhulu, bobabini abasetyhini kunye namadoda aseHollywood (ngenxa yemirhumo yabo). Izindlu zama-Elite zeenkwenkwezi zanyuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isixeko senyuka sizuko.

Ikopi, ikopi, itemplate, ipencil

Abalandeli be-movie abajongayo baye baqaphela ukuba iminyaka emininzi elandeleleneyo ifilimu enhle yaseHollywood ngokukhawuleza, njengama-mushroom emva kwemvula efudumeleyo, kukho amashumi kunye namakhulu emifanekiso ye-movie kwisifundo esifanayo, eneempembelelo ezifanayo. Oku kukhuthazwa yimigaqo yokuba bonke abalawuli baseMerika, nokuba baninzi abavelele, banyanzelekile ukuba bagcine.

1. Inzuzo. Ifilimu iyadutshulwa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye kungekhona ngenxa yokuba ndifuna ubugcisa kunye nendlela yokuthuthumela kuyo.

2. Abantu bathanda. Ngamanye amaxesha ifilimu igosa elilodwa, apho kungekho sakhiwo esihambelanayo, kodwa kuyamangalisa - ezininzi iziqhumane, igazi, isondo, ukuhleka njalo nokunye. Kwiimpawu ezinjalo, abantu bahlala becela ukutya.

Ngokuhlekisa

Iifilimu ezinobunzima kakhulu zenzululwazi ezingabonakali kakhulu (bona iphuzu lokuqala). Umbutho ugxininisa phambi kobuhle kwifilimu, nangona ukuba bangaphantsi-bakala kwaye bangaphandle kwendawo: ngesigama seyure ubude bomfanekiso ngamnye, umlawuli mane nje makafake ubuncinci amacandelo ambalwa, kwaye uyasabela emva kweemboniso.

Kwaye umenzi wefilimu akayi kunika umdlalo-akayi kufumana irente. Umbonisi ke ngoko lula ukukhetha uhlobo lohlobo: kukho ukungabonakali kokuwa emfanekisweni, ibhulukhwe ewa phantsi okanye ukukhupha i-gesi ngokukhawuleza - oku kuthetha ukuhlaziya. Ukuba konke oku kungekho, kuthetha i drama.

Iziqu kunye neengaphambili

Ukuqhubeka kwefilimu - ingxaki ye-Hollywood cinema. Ukuba ngokukhawuleza wakwazi ukwenza umfanekiso weskredithi, unokubona kwangaphambili ikhulu leepesenti elaliza kulandela. Inqabile kakhulu inxalenye yesibini kunye nezilandelayo zefilimu efanayo (njengeencwadi) ziyafumaneka ngokuhambelana nomgangatho wangaphambili. Ingaphinda iphoyinti yokuqala - ukuzalisa iipokotshi kumdla wolubonisi.

Kukho okungafaniyo: idibanisa "Buyela kwixesha elizayo", "Godfather". Kodwa umzekelo wokungaphumeleli: "Wodwa ekhaya." Kwabanye abaninzi. Kukho iifilimu ezingafanelanga ibali kwinqaku elilodwa, ngoko ke loo nto iyahlula ibe ngamanani amaninzi. Kukho imisebenzi emangalisayo kakhulu: "UHarry Potter", "INkosi yeeNgxowa" - apho uchungechunge olulandelayo lunokuba luncedo kuneyona yokuqala. I-prequel yiyona ngaphambili. Kungekudala, baye bathenjwa kakhulu, kuba banenzuzo. Kukho iziganeko xa abalawuli abalungileyo baphosa umgca wokuqala kumfanekiso ofanayo, kwaye emva kwexesha elithile ngaphambili, njengoko kwenzeka nge "Star Wars" ezidumileyo.

Ukucoca, ukubuyisela kunye nokucima

Igama lokugqibela lichaza isebe. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-canon, amaqhawe e-sibini yefilimu ephambili ekutshintsheni i-main-off. Uhlobo olunenzuzo kakhulu, kwaye ke luyaziwayo. I-remake yinguqulelo entsha yomfanekiso omdala. Kwakhona kusetyenziswa rhoqo, kodwa umbukeli uthanda okokuqala inketho. Ibali elidala kunye nelo elitsha (kwaye kaninzi alona lihle) abavame ukucaphukisa, njengomhla ngaphambi kokutya okubushushu kwezolo.

Ukuhlola i-Hollywood kwi-Hollywood kunokukwenza konke ngokukhawuleza - ukusuka kwiidiski ukuya kwincwadi yefowuni. Iincwadi eziqhelekileyo zobugcisa abalawuli baseHollywood, ngokucacileyo, abayithandi ukufunda. Funda ababhali. Kwaye akunjalo. Into ephambili kwakhona yiposti yokuqala, apho kufuneka ubencede ngokufanelekileyo abaphulaphuli abajoliswe kuyo. Kususwe "amabali angabalulekanga," amahlaya afakwa. Efanayo "Harry Potter" - umzekelo omhle. Kule ncwadi - inqaku lamagama, eHollywood - ibhayisikobho yesenzo esinobuchule kunye namahlaya. Lapha kwintlobo yesantya kunemizekelo emihle: uStephen King uvame ukuhlolwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Alley of Glory

EHollywood, ukwenzela ukubhiyozela inkwenkwezi entsha, kukho i-Alley of Glory. Ngowe-1958, ngekanye kwaneenkwenkwezi ezisibhozo ezitsha zafakwa ngexesha, ngelixa kungekho mkhosi. Ngo-1960 u-Alley wadlulisa ikhosi entsha, kunye neenkwenkwezi zikaRonald Coleman, u-Olivia Borden, u-Preston Foster, u-Luis Fazenda, u-Edward Sedgwick, uBert Lancaster, u- Ernest Torrens, abanye babonakala. Owokuqala ukuwajoyina ngamagama kaStanley Kramer noJoan Woodward.

Ienkwenkwezi kwi-Alley nazo zineendidi zazo. Zonke iinkwenkwezi ezinhlanu ezahlukeneyo zakwazi ukufumana i-Gene Autry. Kwiindidi ezine, abantu abane baqatshelwe. Ienkwenkwezi ezintathu kubafazi - iGayle Storm, uDinah Shor, Marie Wilson, uJane Froman noJoe Stafford, abanye abangamashumi amabini anesihlanu ngabadlali besilisa. UCharlie Chaplin nguyena kuphela umongameli kwi-Walk of Fame, engabikho, nangona wayekhethiwe kabini: izigwebo ze-leftist kunye neembono zobukhomanisi zahluleka. Kananjalo unenkwenkwezi zabo apha ababengameli baka-US ababili - uRonald Reagan noDonald Trump.

Abafazi baseHollywood

Ama-actresses aseHollywood ininzi akhanyela ngokubonakala ngokungavamile, ubuqili obuqhakazileyo, kwaye kuwo wonke umntu kukho imfihlelo. Umdlali we-actress, owathi uHollywood waqala, ngu-Elizabeth Taylor, u-Queen wokuqala weCinematography. Yenza isicatshulwa esilungisiweyo sexesha elidlulileyo: uGerta Garbo, uCatherine Deneuve, uVicrey Hepburn, uVivien Leigh-abazange bajonge njengabo babengaphambili, kwaye akukho namnye wabalandeli abanokuzifanisa nabo.

Kwaye ngoku, ukuphonononga amafilimu kunye nomdlali we-actress uNicole Kidman, abaninzi ababukeli bayamangalisa indlela umphefumlo omkhulu kunye nesidleke esingalindelekanga esingalindelekanga kule ngqungquthela emangalisayo. Ewe, isimboli sayo yonke into kunye nobufazi bonke behlabathi - uMarilyn Monroe, into eyohlala ikhangele kwaye iyamangalisa. Nangona kunjalo - uDemi Moore, uKim Bessinger, uJulia Roberts ... Musa ukubhala uluhlu lwamagama eemifanekiso, phambi kweeminyaka emininzi imithandazo yamantombazana iya kuthandaza.