Chlorine oxide

Oxides okanye oxides ngezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ekuthiwa ambaxa mpilo. Phantse zonke izinto ngendlela iikhompawundi. Chloro, kwakunye nezinye halogens, ngaleyo iikhompawundi igcwala HIV karhulumente. Zonke oxides chlorine ezi zizinto sibi kakhulu, nto leyo luphawu ukuba oxides of halogens. Ezine into eyaziwa ogama iimolekyuli ziqulathe chlorine neoksijini.

1. compound sukube ukusuka mthubi ukuba limhlophe umbala kunye ivumba uphawu (ivumba kusikhumbuza gas Cl2) - chlorine oxide (I). Imichiza ifomula Cl2O. Ingongoma ukunyibilika thabatha 116 ° C, okupheka iqondo + 2 ° C. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ukuxinana yayo ilingana ukuya 3,22 kg / m³.
2. igesi Yellow okanye-orenji-ezimthubi livumba uphawu - chlorine oxide (IV). ClO2 ifomula Chemical. Ingongoma yokunyibilika thabatha 59 ° C, abilayo dibanisa 11 ° C.
3. I kubomvu-mdaka ulwelo - chlorine oxide (VI). Cl2O6 ifomula Chemical. indawo yokunyibilika plus 3,5 ° C, abilayo kunye 203 ° C.
4. Enemibala ezinamafutha ulwelo - chlorine oxide (VII). Cl2O7 ifomula Chemical. Lokunyibilika thabatha 91,5 ° C, abilayo kunye 80 ° C.

Oksayidi yeKhlorini igcwala karhulumente +1 acetic obuthathaka monobasic hypochlorous acid (HClO). Ilungiswe yi indlela Peluso oxide yayo mercuric ukusabela kunye igesi yeKhlorini ngokutsho kwenye kwizibalo yokusabela: 2Cl2 + 2HgO → Cl2O + Hg2OCl2 okanye 2Cl2 + HgO → Cl2O + HgCl2. flow iimeko ezi khemikhali ezahlukeneyo. Chlorine oxide (I) into incitshisiwe kwiqondo lobushushu ka thabatha 60 ° C kuba kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu ibola explosively, kwaye ifomu kanzulu is uqhushululu. Cl2O isisombululo zolwelo ezifunyenwe chlorination emanzini okanye kwealkali carbonates, izinyithi obrak umhlaba. Oksayidi iyachithakala kakuhle emanzini, apho acid hypochlorous yenziwe: Cl2O + H2O ↔ 2HClO. Ngapha koko, oku kwakhona unyityilikiswa carbon tetrachloride.

Oksayidi yeKhlorini igcwala karhulumente +4 ngenye eyaziwa dioxide. Le izinto itshitshisiwe emanzini, sulphuric kunye acids acetic, acetonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi ze-oganikhi kunye ukwandisa wokwephuka okwandisa ukunyibilika kwayo. Elabhoratri kulungiselwe ngokuhlanganisa potassium khloreyithi kunye oxalic acid: 2KClO3 + H2C2O4 → K2CO3 + 2ClO2 + CO2 + H2O. Ekubeni chlorine oxide (IV) yinto into umonakalo, mayingabi sakhululwa agcinwe isisombululo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, isetyenziswa dust, obegalelwe kumphezulu ngohlobo adsorbed ClO2 kunokugcinwa ixesha elide, nakuba bengakwazi ukuphelisa yokungcolisa ukungcola kwalo chlorine, kuba akukho ifunxwe yi yejeli dust. Xa iimeko industrial ClO2 elungiswe lemnyaka sulphur dioxide phambi kwe-sulphuric acid, sodium khloreyithi: 2NaClO3 + SO2 + H2SO4 → 2NaHSO4 + 2ClO2. Ayisafani njenge bleach, umz, iphepha okanye kwincindi, njl, kwakunye igu- magciwane izinto ezahlukeneyo.

Oksayidi yeKhlorini igcwala zikarhulumente +6, ibola ngokutsho equation reaction phezu yokunyibilika: Cl2O6 → 2ClO3. Okulungiselelweyo chlorine oxide (VI) oxidizing ozone dioxide: 2O3 + 2ClO2 → 2O2 + Cl2O6. Le oxide iyakwazi zakudibana izisombululo obrak kunye namanzi. Kulo mzekelo yokusabela disproportionation kwenzeke. Umzekelo, ukusabela ne potassium hayidroksayidi: 2KOH + Cl2O6 → KClO3 + KClO4 + H2O, isiphumo khloreyithi wafumana kunye potassium perchlorate.

Higher oksayidi yeKhlorini ezikwabizwa ngokuba yeKhlorini dihlorogeptaoksid okanye acetic i oxidant eyomeleleyo. Kuyinto olukwazi iPIN okanye zingaqhushumba xa itshiswe. Noko ke, le nto uzinzile ngaphezu oxides kwi igcwala zikarhulumente +1 no +4. Lokubola ukuba chlorine neoksijini kwandiswa bubukho oxides aphantsi kuphuma ubushushu ukusuka kuma-60 ukuya kuma-70 ° C. Chlorine oxide (VII) ekwaziyo kancinci enyibilikayo emanzini abandayo, basabela ngenxa uvelisa chloric acid: H2O + → Cl2O7 2HClO4. Dihlorogeptaoksid elungiswe kakuhle ngokufudumeza perchloric acid kunye acetic phosphoric: P4O10 + 2HClO4 → Cl2O7 + H2P4O11. Cl2O7 kwakhona zingafumaneka kusetyenziswa oleum endaweni phosphorus pentoxide.

chemistry Section ezingaphiliyo, leyo izifundo oxides halogen, kuquka oxides, chlorine, waqalisa ukuba zikhule ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ekubeni ezi zihlanganisi kukho amandla kakhulu. Bona bayakwazi combustors jet amandla transfer kweso kwaye imithombo ekhoyo iikhemikhali nesantya bahlehla yayo isenokulawulwa. Esinye isizathu sokuba inzala - lithuba synthesizing amaqela ezintsha iikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo, umz, yeKhlorini oxide (VII) na eliphuma perchlorates.