Nokukhululwa Vienna April 13, 1945. Vienna Sturm

Austria kunye iHungary - zezo amazwe, nangona zibonakala ezifanayo kakhulu kodwa zahlukile kakhulu enye kwenye. Oku kukwasebenza nomqondo. Ngoko ke, xa befika Hungary i-Red Army behlabathi Union adopted kubanda kakhulu, elwayo, ngoxa Austrians abasabela neutrally okanye enyanisekile emkhosini.

A uluvo eqhelekileyo ekulungiseleleni kunye nokuziphatha imisebenzi akunjalo kude. Oku kungenxa ukusukuzana kwiimbono waseSoviet kunye cala Austria, iimbono pro-zwilakhe kunye ingqondo. Noko ke, ukukhululwa Vienna - umxholo umdla, iziyobisi kunye ibangela ukungcangcazela phambi kokuba yobugorha amajoni nobuthandazwe ongacimiyo. Ingakumbi xa ucinga ukuba kokukhutshwa eyinkunzi Austria ikwazile kuphela ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kodwa ilahleko yabantu engephi.

Ukulungiselela utyando

Ngo-1945, ngomnyaka wesithoba amacala amabini esilwa ziphelisiwe: engqondweni nasemzimbeni - namajoni tylovikov, ixabiso - ilizwe ngalinye inxaxheba kule kumzabalazo wamagazi. A kwakhula amandla amatsha wavela xa yavotelwa phantsi a German counter-ekhubekisayo kufuphi Lake Balaton. imikhosi Red Army ngokoqobo exineke phakathi zokuzithethelela lwamaNazi, atsho amaJamani ngokukhawuleza athathe amanyathelo okulungisa loo "imingxuma".

Eyona ngozi ephambili kubo kukuba Amaqumrhu zintshula kuloo ijika omtsha, unokuba ixesha elide ukulibala malunga kuthinjwe Hungary. Ke ukuba ulahlekelwe eli lizwe, Austria, kakhulu, uza kuba phantsi kolawulo Russian.

Ngeli xesha phambi amasoldati we2 fronts 3 Ukrainian, kukho umsebenzi - ukuba ndimaphule amaJamani kummandla of Lake Balaton, engadlulanga uMatshi 16.

Ngelo xesha amandla mnye UV wesithathu kwafuneka wambetha ngesibetho zicolwe utshaba ngo Aprili 15 ukuya kungena komgca Tulln, St. Poelten, Neu lengby.

imithombo ekhubekisayo

Ukusukela kwinkululeko Vienna amathemba enkulu kungekhona kuphela umyalelo, kodwa amajoni zesiqhelo, elungiselela umsebenzi waqala ngoko nangoko. Kuvuthelwa eziphambili wabeka amasoldati Front Third Ukrainian. Udangele, kunye ngxwelerha ezininzi phakathi kwabantu kunye nezixhobo, bafumana amandla ukulungiselela uhlaselo.

izithuthi zokunqanda wemvula wayengekho kuphela ngenxa kokufumana izinto ezintsha, kodwa ngenxa amajoni wabuyisa isixhobo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ngelo xesha xa umsebenzi waqalisa inkululeko eVienna, xa yokugcina Front 3 Ukrainian baba:

• 18 amaqela ingathengwa;
• malunga namashumi amabini kwamatanki kunye SAU (pieces zokudubula self-esingazihambeliyo);
• guns phantse-4,000 kunye mortars.

utyando ireyithingi iyonke

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ukuthetha eziqhitsini malunga ubulula okanye ubunzima amanyathelo, thina asikwazi. Kwelinye icala, ukukhululwa Vienna ngo-1945 - yenye imisebenzi fastest nesikhazimlayo. Kwelinye icala, loo nto ilahleko awoluntu nezinto ezibalulekileyo. Ukuze athi ukuba kuthinjwe kwekomkhulu Austria nje, uyakwazi zingalujongi kuphela into yokuba uninzi lwezinye izaqhwithi ahlanganiswa ilahleko kakhulu enkulu yabantu.

isiqabu Phantse ngomzuzwana Vienna - nayo ngenxa amava emkhosini yiSoviet, ngenxa yokuba sele baye ngaphandle scheme capture ngempumelelo.

Musa ukulibala malunga oomoya ezikhethekileyo aphezulu imikhosi yethu, nayo leyo wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusonjululweni ngempumelelo kumzabalazo kwikomkhulu Austria. Amajoni wayevakalelwa uloyiso, ukanti ufile ediniwe. Kodwa ukuqonda ukuba sonke isiqendu esiya phambili - oku indlela ukuba abuyele ekhaya, ukukhulisa umoya.

Imisebenzi phambi kokuba

Nokukhululwa Vienna, enyanisweni, yaqala ngoFebruwari, xa waqalisa ukwakha ezinye ukwenzela ukuba bavune Hungary koko ukugxothwa ngamaNazi eVienna. Isicwangciso ngqo kwaphela ngo March, phakathi, kwaye sele wama-26 kwinyanga enye phambi kokuba (amajoni Russian kwaye ngesiRomania) eliCebisayo yiSoviet ekhubekisayo yanikwa - ukuhlasela uthabathe umgca-Izinto kunye Pozba.

Xa ngokuhlwa ngosuku msebenzi uye lwenziwa inxalenye kuphela. sethu impi leyo ithe oluninzi ilahleko, kodwa xa ilanga kumlilo ungacinywayo Okwemfazwe ngumsindo. Ngosuku olulandelayo, utshaba wakwazi ukuba kuchithwe umlambo Nitra.

amabutho Red Army

intshukumo kancinane kwaqhubeka de th Apreli 5 (oko kukuthi inkululeko eVienna amabutho yiSoviet baqalisa ngaloo mini). E 7.00 kusasa ngomhla uqale kuhlaselwa Bratislava. Kwaba khona yi-25 Rifle Corps ye-Red Army, 27 th Guards Tank Brigade kunye 2nd Tank webutho, isiRomania. Emva kokuba idabi olunzima Bratislava kuye kwenziwa ekupheleni kosuku.

Ngaxeshanye, imikhosi iSoviet-isiRomania waqala ukuwela umlambo Morava, kunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo lokufakwa mzi, lo msebenzi zange yenziwe ngexesha elifanayo. De April 8 baba amadabi basekuhlaleni kulo ngaphambili, nto leyo zamthintela kokufuduswa thile ukuya kwelinye icala. NgoAprili 9, kwibhulorho yagqitywa. Ngentsimbi ezintathu, amajoni ethu bakwazi ukuba kuyiwe ngaphesheya. Emkhosini abizelana ndawonye e Tsverndorfe ukuqhagamshela kamva kunye iindawo ngamnye we-4-th Guards emoyeni Division.

Apha efanayo zadluliselwa 10 T-34 5 SU-76 kunye isiRomania SAU kunye namatanki-15.

Force ukuziphendulela kwekomkhulu Austria

imikhosi Red Army ndaqubisana iqela enamandla noko German. Ngoko ke, ukukhululwa Vienna ngo-1945 bekuya kuba kunokwenzeka phantsi imeko koyisa phezu:

• 8 itanki 1 amaqela elihamba;
• 15 elihamba Ibutho for Volkssturm (uhamba ukuhlasela);
• bonke abasebenzi kwekomkhulu yesikolo wamajoni;
• amapolisa, ukusuka apho wadala 4 butho (it abantu abangaphezulu kwama-6000).

Kwakhona, musa ukulibala malunga inzuzo kwicala imibulelo zamaNazi izibonelelo yayo yendalo. Ngasentshonalanga komzi, wayifulela iintaba, kwimpuma namacala emantla yi phantse gqithi weDanube kunye amaJamani nomzantsi bya ngasemijelweni antitank, ezahlukeneyo iinqaba, pillboxes, imisele, komhlaba.

Vienna ngokwayo singu ngokoqobo ngezixhobo ezifihlakeleyo kumabhodlo, izitalato ingxolo ezithile ngothango, kunye nezakhiwo ezindala ibe uhlobo zilikhusi.

uhlela ukuba thatha

Elibanzi nokuhlola le meko yaye esazi ukuba inkululeko eVienna amabutho eSoviet akuyi kuba lula, F. I. Tolbuhin uceba ukuthumela nezothuso kunye macala 3, ngaleyo ndlela panic phakathi iingqwayi izimanga. Ezintathu ukuhlaselwa iphiko zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. 4 Guards Army kunye ne-1 Guards Amanxusa ebethwe ngasezantsi-mpuma.
2. Xa icala langasezantsi-ntshona uhlaselo ukuya 6 Guards Army kunye TC 18.
3. West, indlela yokufuduka kuphela kunqunyulwa omnye amandla.

Ngenxa yoko, ukhuselo zaziza kuba kumgibe wokufa.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuphawula sengqondo umkhosi weSoviet ukuya ixabiso lomzi; kwacetywa ukunciphisa uphazamiseko kwikomkhulu.

Esi sicwangciso evunyiweyo nangoko. Bamba isikhundla kunye nokucoca isixeko bezinokwenzeka ngesantya esiphezulu, ukuba namandla kakhulu.

ekhubekisayo kuqala inxenye

ngosuku 5 utyando yasungulwa, olwaqhubeka kwaze-13 Apreli. Nokukhululwa Vienna kunjalo yaphela ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle iindleko abantu bafa, kodwa abahamba loo nokulwa ayikwazi igama.

Ngosuku lokuqala azizange kwimpumelelo ye-Red Army inyathelo ngenxa uxhathiso komsindo yimikhosi yaseJamani. Nangona lohlaselo esebenzayo yiSoviet, ukukhuthazwa wahlala ebhavunyelweyo. AmaNazi baqonda ukuba akukho ukubaleka waza walwa ukuya wokugqibela.

6 ka April waphawula izimpi kufuphi nesixeko, phezu emaphethelweni yayo. Ngale mini, iSoviet Army kwaba akwazi ukuchitha ngaphezulu, ngokuhlwa, nkqu ukuya namadlelo asentshona esemazantsi, uze uzive namadlelo Viennese.

Elinye iphiko uye wenza yafakwa ecaleni Alps waya iindlela asentshona, uze emva koko uye weDanube.

Ezi zenzo zikhokelele kwinto yokuba iqela engqongwe lutshaba.

Lokufakwa umzi

Ukukhululwa Vienna ukusuka amaNazi ingena lusanda esebenzayo ukususela ngokuhlwa ka-Aprili 7, xa iphiko lasekunene wesithathu UV Pressbaum libamba ihamba phambili ngeendlela ezintathu: entshona, empuma entla.

Ngomhla we-9 uqala inxalenye kwegazi ye wokubamba. ukumelana esikhethekileyo baseJamani malunga ibhulorho Imperial, kuba oko bekuya kuthetha uthatha isangqa epheleleyo. Isiphelo Ngosuku lwesihlanu kwenu kukusebenza yabalasela kwimpumelelo ye-Red Army - nokwahlula ngokwamaqela ze umhlaseli kwi lo msesane, nangona amasebe esembindini babesaqhubeka uzama ukulwa kunye nokumelana.

NgoAprili 11 iqala ekudibaneni iDanube Canal, kwakunye amadabi yakutshanje, ukukhululwa Vienna ukusuka amaNazi kufika esiphelweni.

Ukujongana utshaba lula, ikampu waseJamani waba zahlulo ezine, yaye emva koko bangabi namandla.

Iqala ukubuthwa umzi, oluqhubekeka de Aprili 13 isidlo sangokuhlwa. Yiyo le nombolo kwaye lubhiyozelwa uSuku Liberation eVienna.

Relation kubahlali balapha kunye nesixeko

Umyalelo we yiSoviet Army ukubonisa intlonelo kwimbali nenkcubeko eyinkunzi Austria. Ukungqinwa le - isibheno abantu eVienna ngesibheno ukunceda oluBomvu Army. Ingongoma ukusekelwa walala yokuba dolophu bacelwa ukuba nje musani bashiye amakhaya abo ngaphandle kokunika amaJamani udilize isakhiwo, ibatshabalalise ezikhumbuzo. La mazwi zamkelwa ngomdla.

Enyanisweni, yaba linyathelo Committe, eli yayo: Ukuba ufuna ukukunceda - gcina umntu omthandayo le nto ngentliziyo. Emva kokuba isibhengezo sengqondo ekuqaleni cala Austrians ukutshintsha kuba ngcono, yaye ngoko ke luqala intsebenziswano esebenzayo.

Uloyiso kulo mzi iye fanekisela, kuba kuqala bengamabanjwa amaNazi lizwe - Austria. Phakathi sikhokelo lonke imfazwe, esi siganeko kwaphawula ekuqaleni kokuphela ku Germany.

Union loyiso

Into yokuqala ekufuneka kuphawulwe, ethetha kwiziphumo - ukutshabalala iqela elikhulu Wehrmacht, kodwa ngaphandle koko, kufuneka kunokuthiwa ukulungiselela umsebenzi akhululwa ngokupheleleyo iHungary, nto leyo ebe negalelo amasoldati 2 no-3 Ukrainian ezimbalwa. Umthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye wafumana imbasa inkululeko eVienna.

Ke kwiingingqi okwimpuma yeli lizwe kunye eyinkunzi babexakekile.

Kwakhona wavula indlela eya Prague, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ngokukhawuleza phambili.

Ifudusiwe ilifa zenkcubeko nezembali yomnye kakhulu ezintle iingqukuva ezisemantloko eYurophu, kwakunye ekuqaleni yokubuyiselwa eVienna.

abantu Austrian waba ngokoqobo umngqibi emva ukuphanga, iziqhushumbisi yaye intshabalalo, ngokuba kwangolu 1945 kwenziwa isigqibo ukunika uncedo ukutya kubemi.

Lahleko Germany yamaNazi

Ke ukuba ukulahlekelwa Berlin, yeyona ukulahlekelwa lulawulo lamaziko amakhulu kwimizi of Western Europe - i eVienna kummandla woshishino yaye baphulukana Kwidabi intsimi oyile Nadkanizhskoe. Ngaphandle kwalo, izityalo kungamampunge ezingqonge amafutha basala ngaphandle izinto ekrwada. Ngenxa yoko, i-German waphulukana izixhobo ukuhamba, kwaye umyalelo wanyanzeleka ukuba ukusirhoxisa nzulu imimandla oyisa, leyo ukuba amajoni Soviet ukuya phambili ngokukhawuleza. I ukumelana units nomkhosi kuphela, ngubani akwazi ukunika uphantsi kweziqhushumbisi a ekwalile esinzulu kutshaba.

Kukho isoyikiso ngqo kokoyiswa eJamani, yaye ngenxa yoko, emuva amajoni amaNazi.

Ukuziphatha kwe umyalelo German lowo akanayo ngokubekeka nangesidima. Amajoni bazibonakalisa njengoko kwesihlwele bakhona kunye abonakalisi beprophathi sitshabalalisa icawa kakhulu amahle inkulu isixeko kwaye bazama ukuqhushumba inani eliphezulu sites. Yashiya umzi, ukuba kwenziwe i-Imperial Bridge.

Imemori celebration

Ukuqalisa ukusuka 1945 e Vienna ngonyaka ngamnye kwi-Aprili 13 ibhiyozela Suku inkululeko kubahlaseli German. Ngesinye lezitrato Vienna waseka Liberation Museum.

Ke ngomhla xa isixeko bamshiya utshaba, 24 imvula imipu ezimakhulu mathathu banikwa eMoscow. Emva kwexesha, kwagqitywa ekubeni kusekwe ibhaso entsha nxaxheba ezi ziganeko - ". Kuba inkululeko Vienna" imbasa

Namhlanje, ukongeza Museum, ezi iimfazwe abaziingwanyalala embhoxo lesikhumbuzo ukuze amajoni ewile kwi Schwarzenbergplatz yembutho, obemiswe kwangolu 1945 ekuqaleni yokubuyiselwa yesixeko lonke elo lizwe. Yenziwe ngohlobo umi kanye ukulwa. Ngesinye isandla nejoni ubamba ibhena, omnye nimambathe ikhaka ngokohlobo kophawu lwesizwe eSoviet Union. Ezinye iinkcukacha iinkosi mihla zipeyintwe umbala omthubi.

Ukubhiyozela le loyiso, iiyunithi 50 mkhosi bazibalula ekulweni eVienna, wanikwa igama Wawongwa "eVienna".