Yintoni eyahlukileyo ukusuka kwisityalo iseli yebhaktiriya: iimpawu zolwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Phantse zonke izinto eziphilayo iqanjwa iiseli. Ukususela iimpawu noshowo ezi mpawu zixhomekeke izakhiwo zincinane ubomi kunye nenqanaba nokucwangciswa bonke abameli indalo. Kweli nqaku siza kubona umahluko phakathi kwiseli iintsholongwane zesityalo kwaye yintoni na imigaqo yomsebenzi wabo.

Ukubunjwa kwiseli izityalo

Iyunithi kumphezulu kwezakhiwo data yezityalo iqulethe udonga iseli, nto leyo amandla ezahlukeneyo nokoma ngenxa ikhontenti yayo neselulosi ekudleni. Kwimeko-bume lwangaphakathi (icytoplasm) zicwangciswe isakhiwo iseli esisigxina. Ewe kuthiwa organelles. I inkulu kwezi yi- vacuole. Le umngxuma ukuba uzele ngamanzi kunye nezondlo lichithakale. Ukubunjwa kwakhona iqulathe izakhiwo iseli izityalo ezifana njengabona bantu, chloroplast, plastids, mitochondria, lo reticulum endoplasmic kunye ribosomes, izixhobo Golgi, lysosomes.

Ukufana kweeseli bacteria kunye nezityalo

Ngokubanzi, izityalo kunye nesakhiwo iseli yebhaktiriya kukho iqela ezifanayo. Zeziphi izigqeba eziqhelekileyo eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo ezinjalo? Okokuqala bonke ubukho ezindongeni kunye imifinya, izinto yemfuza, kukho icytoplasm. Isakhiwo zezityalo amagciwane iiseli nabo waphawulwa ngezinto eziliqela lweepateni eziqhelekileyo: ribosomes, centrioles, lysosomes. Kwaye omabini intshukumo organelle. Xa nobulembu kwiseli eliluhlaza Chlamydomonas kunye spirochete eyenze ukuba misila.

plant lolwabo

Iintsholongwane - ingakumbi eziphilayo olunye-ezineseli. Kodwa ke izidumbu zezityalo nkalo zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ukuze libe iseli enye, njengoko ubulembu Chlorella oluhlaza, okanye zibe ngamathanga ezifana Volvox. Kodwa ke uninzi izicwili zezityalo kwakhiwa. Ezi zithinteli bamele nobuninzi leeseli twatse kubume kunye nemisebenzi eyenziwa. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi bamanyene imizimba. Ngoko, kwi plant cells igqabi kwakhiwa ukutyabeka, conductive, mechanical nezihlunu zaseprayimari.

Iimpawu ngesakhiwo iiseli prokaryotic

Kwaye ngoku makhe sijonge umahluko phakathi iseli esihlobene kwisityalo. Masiqalise kunye umchiza ukwakhiwa izixhobo komhlaba. Ukubunjwa luquka isityalo yeseli udonga neselulosi neentsholongwane - murein okanye pectin. Bonke carbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo. Xa isakhiwo impahla yemfuza bacterium prokaryotes. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho ndikhuphe ngumongo, abe iiseli izityalo, izilwanyana okanye izinto. Xa iseli yebhaktiriya i DNA setyhula single molecule - nucleoid. Esi sakhiwo sinika indlela elula zityalwe - umsantsa phakathi kwabantu ababini.

Yintoni ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwisityalo iseli iintsholongwane phezu nkcukacha zesi siqulatho lwangaphakathi na? Kuyinto kwakudala ngakumbi. Iiseli bacteria oswele mitochondria, EPS, Golgi ezintsonkothileyo zonke iindidi plastids. Uhlobo yokugqibela organelle kugqiba uhlobo eziphilayo ukutya. Izityalo ayakwazi photosynthesis, kuba iiseli zabo eziluhlaza plastids chloroplasts. Kumphezulu wazo ngaphakathi yikhemikhali inguqu entsonkothileyo kwezinto kwiQela le glucose carbohydrate, apho izityalo sebenzisa njengomthombo wamandla, neoksijini. gciwane kakhulu ukuba uhlobo heterotrophic lokutya. Bona bayakwazi ukufunxa izinto eziphilayo ukulungele kuphela. Kwaye macromolecules ezinkulu Awukwazi ukungena ndizayo zabo. Ngoko ke, iintsholongwane ufunxe kuphela pre-zifunxe izinto eziphilayo unyityilikiswa emanzini kunye lipoids. Phakathi kwazo kukho kwakhona chemotroph abayifumeneyo amandla ngokwahlula izibopho imichiza.

imisebenzi ebalulekile prokaryotes

Esi sakhiwo yeseli ziibhakteriya kwaye imisela iimpawu yobomi yayo. Indlela engundoqo yokuzala yezi eziphilayo yi ukwahlulwa kubini. Ngaphandle kokuba le ndlela yenye elula, oko ezihle kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba zenze iseli enye enjalo ngabantu ngezigidi iiyure ezilishumi kuphela. Iibhaktheriya nazo ziyakwazi wokusungula sikuyo. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu amaninzi iimeko xa ezingalunganga. Kulo mzekelo, iseli umzali itshabalele. Kodwa le mbambano banokuchaphazeleka ixesha elide nje kubushushu obuphantsi nokubilisa. Le fowuni ine ixabiso olukhuselayo.

Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siye saxubusha umahluko phakathi iseli iintsholongwane ukusuka kwisityalo. Okokuqala, oko isakhiwo apparatus yemfuza. Iintsholongwane ziye kukhutshwa ngumongo, kunye nezinto genetic iqulethe le setyhula DNA. Umahluko omkhulu zinxulumene kwakhona ukwakhiwa eekhemikhali udonga yeseli, indlela kokuba ukutya ezininzi kunye organelles.