Iimpawu yoluntu-mveliso (ngokufutshane)

Inkcazelo ezaziwa eluntwini mveliso ithi ukuba amiliswe ngenxa uphuhliso lwemveliso umatshini kunye ukuvela iindlela ezintsha lombutho mass yabasebenzi. Ngokwembali, eli nyathelo ekwafanekisa le meko zentlalo eNtshona Yurophu kwi-1800-1960 biennium.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Uphawu eyaziwayo yoluntu mveliso ibandakanya iimpawu eziliqela esisiseko. Ntoni na ke? Okokuqala, lo uluntu mveliso isekelwe phezu kuphuhliso lwamashisini. Kuyo kukho qheke emigudwini, nto leyo inegalelo ekwandeni imveliso. Inkalo ebalulekileyo ukhuphiswano. Ngaphandle kwayo, iimpawu yoluntu mveliso aluyi kugqibelela.

Capitalism kukhokelela kukuba ekhula ngokukhutheleyo zoshishino abantu ngenkalipho izama. Ngelo xesha nye uphuhlisa uluntu, kwakunye nenkqubo yolawulo karhulumente. Iba kakuhle ngakumbi nzima ngakumbi. uluntu Industrial akunakucingelwa ngaphandle iindlela zale mihla zokunxibelelana, izixeko zasedolophini kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wobomi kuthelekiswa nommi.

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe

Naluphi uphawu uluntu mveliso, ngamafutshane, kubandakanya isenzeko le Revolution Industrial. Ukuba ukuba i-UK kuqala kwimbali yabantu ukuyeka ukuba izwe kwezolimo. Xa uqoqosho iqala sithembela kungekhona ukulinywa kwezityalo, kwaye ishishini elitsha, kukho ihlume yokuqala zoluntu mveliso.

Ngenxa yoko kukho lwabiwo ebalulekileyo yabasebenzi. Yezabasebenzi ushiya kwezolimo uya edolophini apha ezityalweni. Icandelo lezolimo ukuya kwi-15% yabemi karhulumente. Ukukhula kwenani labantu ezidolophini nayo inegalelo ukuvuselelwa yorhwebo.

Ekuvelisweni umba engundoqo umsebenzi zoshishino. Phambi kwesi simo uphawu kuluntu mveliso. Ngokufutshane lo lwalamano achazwa kuqala Austria kunye US yezoqoqosho Yozef Shumpeter. Ngale uluntu ngaxa lithile uyaphi nge revolution yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe. Emva koko, eli xesha post-mveliso, nto leyo esele uhlangana modernity.

ekukhululekeni

Kunye kokufika uluntu mveliso ukuba abantu bangazinzi kwindawo abakuzo. Oku kuvumela abantu ukuba ndimaphule sikhokelo abo ezikhoyo ngendlela yemveli, uphawu kumaXesha Aphakathi kunye noqoqosho kwezolimo. Xa imo imida umehluko phakathi iiklasi. Balahlekelwa nangokodidi ekuhlaleni. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu ubutyebi kwaye abe nempumelelo ngenxa yemizamo yabo kunye nezakhono, kodwa sijonge imvelaphi yakhe.

Iimpawu zoluntu kwimizi kukho ukukhula okubonakalayo kwezoqoqosho, into eyenzekayo ngeendleko ukwandisa inani leengcali abaqeqeshwe kakhulu. Kuluntu kwindawo yokuqala lwezobuchwepheshe yaye izazinzulu abakhomba ngekamva leli lizwe. Le nkqubo kwakhona ngokuba technocracy kunye namandla nobugcisa. Ukubaluleka lube umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ngabarhwebi, iingcali zentengiso kunye nabanye abantu uphethe indawo ekhethekileyo yokuma koluntu.

Maphepha States kazwelonke

Izazinzulu sele uqinisekile ukuba iimpawu eziphambili yoluntu kwezoshishino azezi yokuba mveliso kunye nesakhiwo zobugcisa uba alawula kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi esikweni kuqoqosho. Kunye ezidolophini kunye notshintsho ezithile ngokwezinga mpatheko ukuvela isizwe ithi, isongiwe ngeenxa ulwimi olufanayo. Kwakhona indima enkulu kule nkqubo kudlala banenkcubeko eyahluke uhlanga.

In kumaxesha kuluntu kwezolimo, ombane lesizwe nto kubaluleke kangaka. Xa izikumkani yamaKatolika XIV ikhulu kubaluleke kakhulu nje ukuba ngamalungu inkosi ethile. Nditsho umkhosi wayekho ngokusekelwe yengqesho. Kwaye kuphela ngenkulungwane XIX ekugqibeleni Bakha siseko yokugaya kazwelonke imikhosi exhobileyo kurhulumente.

sabantu

Ukutshintsha imeko yabantu. Yintoni iimpawu ezifihlakeleyo yoluntu mveliso? Iimpawu ze utshintsho bancipha ukuthoba ukuchuma enye intsapho avareji. Abantu bachitha ixesha elininzi kwimfundo yabo, ukutshintsha nemigangatho malunga nokufumaneka inzala. Konke oku kuchaphazela inani labantwana kwenye "iseli kuluntu" wayengekho.

Kodwa ke ngaxeshanye yayo ivuthuluke kunye nokufa. Oku kungenxa kuphuhliso amayeza. Iinkonzo oogqirha kunye namayeza ziyafumaneka icandelo ngokubanzi yabemi. Kwandisa sokuphila. Inani labantu iyafa ezinkulu abadala ngakumbi abaselula (umz, isifo okanye imfazwe).

umphakathi kwabathengi

Ekwandiseni abantu ngexesha mveliso kukhokelele ukuvela uluntu nkonzo. Injongo ephambili Ukuxelenga amalungu ayo uba umnqweno kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuyithenga buy. Inkqubo brand new lwamaxabiso, nto leyo yakhelwe ijikeleze ukubaluleka nobutyebi.

Igama elithi livele le ngezentlalo waseJamani UErich Fromm. Kule meko, waza wabalaselisa ukubaluleka yokunciphisa iiyure zomsebenzi, ukwandisa inani ixesha ezamahala, kwakunye ungabe kwemida phakathi kwiiklasi. Leyo ke uphawu woluntu mveliso. Itheyibhile ibonisa iimpawu eziphambili ixesha lophuhliso loluntu.

inkcubeko ethandwayo

Inkcazelo ezaziwa kuluntu industrial wemigangatho ubomi ithi ngamnye ukunyuka ukutyiwa. Nokuveliswa uqala ukuthembela kwimigangatho leyo ichaza ekuthiwa- inkcubeko abaninzi. Lo mkhwa - enye yezona zinto ngokumangalisayo eluntwini mveliso.

Yintoni na? inkcubeko Ubunzima ngokuqulunqa isimo esisiseko yoluntu yabathengi lolawulo mveliso. Art uba lula kubo bonke. It engaqondi okanye ngempazamo ikhuthaza imigangatho ethile yokuziphatha. Zingakotshwa ngokuba kwezefashoni okanye yokuphila. Entshonalanga ikhula inkcubeko intlama ekhatshwa sentengiso wakhe kunye nokudalwa show-ishishini.

Imfundiso Dzhona Gelbreyta

uluntu Industrial wafunda ngenyameko zizazinzulu ezininzi kwinkulungwane XX. Enye noosozoqoqosho ezigqamileyo kolu ngcelele Dzhon Gelbreyt. Wachaza eminye imithetho ezisisiseko ngawo baqulunqe uphawu woluntu mveliso. Ubuncinane 7 kwimiqathango imfundiso yakhe yaba sisiseko elitsha izikolo kwezoqoqosho kunye ezenzeka ixesha lethu.

Galbraith wayekholelwa ukuba ekuphuhliseni uluntu mveliso kuye kwakhokelela nje kuphela ngokusekwa capitalism, kodwa nokudalwa bodwa. iinkampani ezinkulu kwiimeko zoqoqosho imarike free bafumane ubutyebi kunye ukufunxa okhuphisana. Ziyayilawula nesiveliso, urhwebo, imali, yaye inkqubela kwezenzululwazi neteknoloji.

Ukomeleza indima kwezoqoqosho karhulumente

Luphawu ebalulekileyo uluntu mveliso kule nkulungwane yama-20, ngokutsho kwithiyori Dzhona Gelbreyta kukuba kwilizwe inkqubo enjalo ubudlelane phakathi urhulumente kwandisa ungenelelo yayo kuqoqosho. Ngaphambi koko, kumaXesha Aphakathi agrarian ngamandla nje abazange babe nezinto nefuthe kakhulu imarike. le meko kakhulu echasayo uluntu mveliso.

The Economist lathi kuphuhliso yayo lobugcisa ixesha elitsha. Ngeli xesha ke wayethetha isicelo inkqubo yolwazi olutsha emsebenzini. Iimfuno revolution yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe kukhokelela kukuba uqoqosho kunye zivuyelele corporation karhulumente. Oku kungenxa yokuba babe ngabanini ngokuveliswa uphuhliso lwezenzululwazi ekhethekileyo.

Kwangaxeshanye, Galbraith wayekholelwa ukuba xa capitalism industrial, ongxowankulu ngokwabo baye balahlekelwa impembelelo yawo yangaphambili. Ngoku, ukuba imali akuthethi amandla kunye nokubaluleka. Endaweni yoko, ukuba abanini beze phambi iingcali zenzululwazi nobugcisa na onokubanika ezintsha zale mihla kunye neendlela zokuvelisa. Leyo ke uphawu woluntu mveliso. Ngokwesi sicwangciso Galbraith, abasebenzi owayesakuba ukhukuliseke kwezi meko. bazakhe kube nongxowankulu lotshitsha ngenxa inkqubela yobugcisa kunye ngokulinganiswa aneengeniso bafundi.