Amandla Solar - oku ... Ukusebenzisa iiphaneli zesola

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izazinzulu abanomdla eminye imithombo yamandla. Oyile negesi iza kuphela kungekudala, ngoko cinga ngendlela siza sisinde kule meko, kuyimfuneko ngoku. EYurophu, injini zomoya zisetyenziswa kakhulu, ngubani na uzama ukufumana amandla kolwandle, yaye sithetha ngayo amandla elanga. Ngapha koko, inkwenkwezi leyo sibona phantse yonke imihla zezulu, kunokusinceda yokulondoloza yobutyebi engahlaziyekiyo nokuphucula okusingqongileyo. Ixabiso kwelanga ukuya Umhlaba ayikwazi nemikhuba - linika ubushushu, ukukhanya, kwaye ivumela umsebenzi zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ngoko kutheni singayi kumfumana thina esinye isicelo?

A incinane

Ngeminyaka yee-19 yamachiza ngenkulungwane uAleksandr Edmon Bekkerel wafumanisa isiphumo photovoltaic. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane Charlz Fritts yaqulunqa isixhobo yokuqala ekwaziyo phambili amandla elanga ugesi. We wasebenzisa selenium nala maleko ubhityileyo ngegolide. Umphumo waba buthathaka, kodwa lo fyabo unxulunyaniswa ekuqaleni kwexesha amandla elanga. Abanye abaphengululi abavumelani nalo uqulungqo. Bayibiza ngunozala ixesha solar energy edumileyo Isazinzulu Alberta Eynshteyna. Ngowe-1921 wafumana ibhaso le-Nobel incazelo yakhe imithetho isiphumo lwangaphandle yombane.

Ibiya kuthetha ukuba amandla elanga - le yindlela ethembisayo yophuhliso. Kodwa kukho imiqobo emininzi ukuze ilungelana ekhaya yonke - ikakhulu ezoqoqosho nezendalo. Yintoni iqukiwe iindleko solar panels, indlela umonakalo zinokubangela okusingqongileyo kwaye yintoni enye kukho iindlela ukwenza amandla kwideri, sifunda kamva.

iindlela abekwe

Umsebenzi ezingxamisekileyo ezinxulumene ukufuywa amandla kwelanga, asinto nje ukufumana oko, kodwa beqokelela. Kwaye oku yeyona inzima. Okwangoku, izazinzulu sele ziphuhlisiwe iindlela 3 kuphela wekhaya ngokupheleleyo amandla elanga.

Eyokuqala isekelwe phezu ukusetyenziswa esipilini oluziphumelayo kunye kancinane ngathi udlala iglasi, nto leyo kakuhle ngabo bonke ukususela ebuntwaneni. Ukukhanya idlula ilens, ukuqokelela ngaxa lithile. Ukuba ufake isiqwenga sephepha, oko ukhanyisela njengoko ubushushu ewela imitha yelanga aku- phezulu kule ndawo. Isipili oluziphumelayo yi idiski phakathi, ngokungathi sisitya ongekho nzulu. Esi sipili, ngokungafaniyo mkhulu akuthethi nokudlulisela kodwa ibonisa kwelanga ukuqokelela ukuba ngaxa lithile, nto leyo ngokubanzi mayibhekiswe umbhobho amnyama. Lo mbala usetyenziswa kuba kakuhle ngokubamba ukukhanya. Amanzi kwi ityhubhu phantsi inyathelo kwelanga kumo kwaye zingasetyenziswa umbane okanye ukufudumeza izindlu ezincinane.

heater flat

Le ndlela isebenzisa inkqubo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. umyalezo Solar ikhangeleka ngathi isakhiwo multi-sixhobo sekhombuya. Umgaqo zayo zokusebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

Ehambahamba kwiglasi, imitha kuwa phezu metal mnyama eyaziwa ukuba ibe ngcono ngokubamba ukukhanya. radiation Solar iguqulelwa amandla thermal , kwaye kumo amanzi, umhlaba ophantsi kwipleyiti yesinyithi. Ngaphezu koko, bonke kwenzeka njengoko indlela yokuqala. Amanzi shushu ingasetyenziswa nokuba ukufudumeza okanye ukuvelisa amandla ombane. Noko ke, impumelelo yale ndlela ayikho phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukusisebenzisa yonke indawo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuza wafumana amandla elanga - kushushu. Kuba umbane kusenokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise indlela wesithathu.

solar

Uninzi lwethu luqhelene imithombo yamandla. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa neebhetri ezahlukeneyo okanye solar, apho zifumaneka phezu kwezindlu ezininzi kumakhaya zanamhlanje. Loo ndlela intsonkothile kuchaziwe ngaphambili, kodwa ethembisa kakhulu ngakumbi. Nguye okunika amandla ukuguqula amandla elanga ibe umbane ngendlela engazange mveliso.

panels Special ekujongwe ukuba zifake imitha ezenziwe ziikristale dust-rich. Kwelanga esiwa phezu kwabo, inkqonkqoza ovela ngaphandle orbit. Endaweni yakhe, kwaoko afune omnye, ngaloo ndlela wafumana ikhonkco ihambe rhoqo, nto leyo idala yangoku. Oku kusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko xa kuyimfuneko ukunika izixhobo okanye egcinwe ngohlobo lombane iibhetri ezizodwa.

Ukuthandwa le ndlela isekelwe kwinto yokuba ikuvumela ukuba ngaphezu kwe-120 watts omnye kuphela imitha sikwere panel elanga. Kulo mzekelo iipanele kuba ubukhulu elincinane kakhulu, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukubeka phantse naphi na.

Iintlobo panel lesilicon

Kukho iindidi eziliqela weeseli elanga. I wenza kuqala usebenzisa omnye akhazimlayo lesilicon. ukusebenza kwazo limalunga ne-15%. Ezi solar zezona eninzi.

Nocikizeko iiseli ezenziwe polycrystalline lesilicon, ifikelela 11%. Zibiza ngaphantsi njengoko ekufanisweni kubo afunyenwe iteknoloji lula. Uhlobo lwesithathu yeyona bezoqoqosho kwaye ine ukusebenza ubuncinane. Le ibeyimpumelelo lesilicon amorphous, oko kukuthi non-crystalline. Ukongezelela nokuqhuba kakubi, kufuneka ethile enkulu - ubu.

Ezinye abavelisi ukwandisa ukusebenza zibandakanya omabini amacala panel solar - umva kunye ngaphambili. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukubamba ukukhanya ininzi kakhulu, kwaye yandisa umlinganiselo wamandla eveliswe yi-15-20%.

abenzi yasekhaya

amandla elanga ihlabathi liya lisiba eqhelekileyo ngakumbi. Nokuba kwilizwe lethu unomdla wokufunda kushishino thina. Nangona ukuba iRussia ayibanga esebenzayo kakhulu uphuhliso yamandla, ezinye inkqubela sele iphunyelelwe. Okwangoku, ukwakhiwa panel amandla elanga kuthatha imibutho ezimbalwa - ubukhulu becala amaziko emfundo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwaye mveliso ekuveliseni izixhobo zombane.

1. SPF "Quark".
2. JSC "Kovrov Mechanical Plant".
3. Bonke-Russian Research Institute for kombane of Agriculture.
4. Machine Building NPO.
5. AO VIEN.
6. JSC "Ryazan Plant kwezixhobo yesinyithi-ceramic."
7. JSC Pravdinsky imithombo pilot zesityalo i yangoku "positive".

Le yinxalenye encinane kuphela ye iinkampani, uthathe inxaxheba kuphuhliso yamandla eRashiya.

Ifuthe kokusingqongileyo

Ukwalelwa amalahle namandla oyile imithombo ongadibenanga kuphela yokuba ezi zibonelelo ziya kungekudala emva uphelelwe. Inyaniso ukuba ziyingozi kakhulu kokusingqongileyo - bangcolisa umhlaba, umoya namanzi, igalelo kuphuhliso kwezifo ebantwini kunye nokunciphisa nezifo. Yiloo nto imithombo yamandla kufuneka sikhuseleke xa uthathela ingqalelo okusingqongileyo ngayo.

Silicon, esetyenziswa ekuveliseni iiseli elanga lulodwa ekhuselekileyo, kuba izinto zendalo. Kodwa emva kokuba zokucoca lona luhlala inkunkuma. Zinokubangela umonakalo abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo xa lisetyenziswe ngendlela engeyiyo.

Ukongeza, le ndawo yayigcwele ngokupheleleyo solar panels, ukuze kuphazamise izibane zendalo. Oku kuya kukhokelela utshintsho kwi ecosystem okhoyo. Kodwa ngokubanzi, ifuthe kokusingqongileyo izixhobo sokujika amandla elanga engephi.

umnotho

Iindleko inkulu kakhulu ekuveliseni iiseli elanga sizibandakanya iindleko eziphezulu izinto ekrwada. Njengoko sele sibonile, iiphaneli ezizodwa ziyenziwa usebenzisa lesilicon. Nangona isibakala sokuba eli izimbiwa zisasazwa kwindalo, ngexhoba lakhe wasibopha ingxaki enkulu. Isibakala sokuba lesilicon, leyo ngaphezu kwekota ubunzima kuqweqwe lomhlaba, asinto ifanele ukuba ekuveliseni iiseli elanga. Ukulungiselela le njongo, izinto kuphela ecocekileyo efanelekileyo ezifunyenwe iindlela zoshishino. Ngelishwa, ngaphandle kwentlabathi ukufumana lesilicon olusulungekileyo kuyingxaki kakhulu.

Ngexabiso le resource ufana ne uranium lisetyenziswa izityalo amandla enyukliya. Kungenxa yoko le nto iindleko iiseli solar ngoku uhlala kwinqanaba lezikolo.

ubuchwepheshe bale mihla

Imizamo yokuqala okumdambisa amandla elanga apho ixesha elide. Ukususela ngoko, abaphandi abaninzi bamatasa ekufuneni izixhobo kakhulu kakuhle. Kufuneka ukhuphiswano kwezoqoqosho, kodwa kwakhona indawo kuphela. ukusebenza kwawo kufuneka azame ukuba ubuninzi.

Amanyathelo kuqala isixhobo efanelekileyo ngokufumana nokuguqula amandla elanga ziye zenziwe kwasungulwa iibhetri lesilicon. Kakade ke, ixabiso kakhulu phezulu, kodwa iiphaneli zinokufakwa phezu kwezindlu kunye iindonga zezindlu, apho abayi kuphazamisana nabani na. Ukusebenza neebhetri ezinjalo ayinakuphikiswa.

Kodwa indlela engcono ukwandisa ukuthandwa amandla elanga - yenza kube lula. sele izazinzulu German wacebisa ukuba endaweni lesilicon, imicu zokwenziwa, nabanako yayanyaniswe ngelaphu okanye ezinye izinto. Ukusebenza iseli elanga onjalo phezulu kakhulu. Kodwa ihempe Zinokuxutywa kwimicu eyenziweyo, ubuncinane, ukubonelela umbane efowuni okanye umdlali. Isebenza entsimini By. Mhlawumbi, baya kuvumela ilanga ukuba lo mthombo uthandwayo amandla kule nkulungwane. iingcali Le nkampani Scates ukususela Norway sele lowu By kuza kunciphisa iindleko solar panel ngokuphindwe-2.

amandla elanga ukuba amakhaya

On izindlu, leyo ngokwayo iya kuqinisekisa ukuba eli phupha abaninzi siqiniseke: akukho uxhomekeko kwi zokufudumeza, eyilwayo ukuhlawula ubunzima kunye umonakalo kokusingqongileyo. Kakade, amazwe amaninzi ngenkuthalo ekwakheni izindlu, odlayo amandla kuphela zivela kweminye imithombo. A Umzekelo umxhelo - ekuthiwa-indlu elanga.

Ngexesha lokwakha kuya kufuna utyalo-mkhulu kunabaphathi be window yakwantu. Kodwa emva kweminyaka eliqela yokusebenza, zonke iindleko ziya kuhlawulwa umva - kufuneka ahlawule ukufudumeza, amanzi ashushu kunye nombane. Endlwini elanga zonke ezi zonxibelelwano ebotshelelwe awabele photovoltaic ethile kubekwa phezu kwendlu. Kwaye njalo wafumana izibonelelo zamandla hayi kuphela echithwe kwiimfuno zangoku, kodwa ukuba yande ukuze zisetyenziswe ebusuku kunye nemozulu lisibekele.

Okwangoku, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezinjalo lwenziwa kuphela kumazwe kufutshane ikhweyitha, apho amandla elanga ukuze avelise ngendlela elula. Kwakhona Bamise eKhanada, eFinland naseSweden.

Ubuhle nobubi

Uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe ukuba ukusebenzisa amandla elanga yonke indawo, kungaba ekhuthele ngakumbi. Kodwa kukho ezinye izizathu zokuba oko Nangoku iphambili. Njengoko sesitshilo ngasentla, ekwenziweni panels eziveliswa zizinto ezinobungozi indalo. Ukongeza, izixhobo ogqityiweyo iqulethe kumafa yayo kaLayishe waseGalim, iarseniki, isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, kwaye bakhokele.

Oku kuphakamisa imibuzo emininzi kunye nemfuneko okutsha panels photovoltaic. Emva kweminyaka 50 yomsebenzi baya akaphilanga inkonzo, yaye kufuneka ukumbulala ngandlel 'ithile. Ngaba umonakalo omkhulu imvelo? Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwa ukuba solar energy - luyinto ukusebenza resource zokukhokhela elandelwayo exhomekeke ixesha losuku kunye yemozulu. Oku ethile ebalulekileyo.

Kodwa ke nobubi, kakade. amandla elanga ukuze ziveliswe nakuwuphi na indawo emhlabeni, kunye nezixhobo nokulungiselela kunye inguqu inokuba encinane kangangokuba uya ilingane emva smart. Yintoni kubaluleke ngakumbi, le lwemithombo ehlaziyekayo, oko kukuthi, isixa amandla elanga iya kuhlala injalo iminyaka eliwaka ubuncinane iminyaka.

amathuba

Uphuhliso zamandla elanga kufuneka ukukhokelela kwindleko eziphantsi ukudala izinto. Kakade, kukho iiphaneli iglasi ingafakwa kwi windows. Uphuhliso By eye wavumela ukuba ngadla yepeyinti leyo iinta- phezu iiphaneli zesola kwaye endaweni lesilicon umaleko. Ukuba iindleko zamandla elanga kuwela izihlandlo ezimbalwa, popularity yayo iya ikhula izihlandlo ezininzi.

Ukudala panel encinane sicelo ngamnye uya kuvumela abantu kuzo zonke iimeko ukuba ukusebenzisa amandla elanga - ekhaya, emotweni okanye kweli lizwe. Ngenxa usasazo ukunciphisa umthwalo ngamandla central, kuba abantu baya kuba nako ityala elektroniki amancinci.

iingcali Shell akholelwa ukuba ngo 2040 malunga nesiqingatha lwamandla zehlabathi ziya kwenziwa ukususela lwemithombo ehlaziyekayo. Sele eJamani, ukusetyenziswa amandla elanga ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umthamo ibhetri gigawatts ngaphezu kwama-35. Japan kwakhona ngokubonakalayo ukuphuhlisa olu shishino. La mazwe mabini - iinkokheli amandla elanga ehlabathini. Mhlawumbi, kungekudala ukuba kwangenelela ne-United States.

Eminye imithombo yamandla

Izazinzulu musa ayeke iphazili ngenxa yokuba ungakwazi ukuvelisa umbane okanye ubushushu. Nika imizekelo eminye imithombo ethembisayo amandla.

ophephela ngoku ifumaneka phantse kuwo onke amazwe. Kwanaphezu kwizitrato izixeko ezininzi Russian ukufaka izibane ukuba self-ezaneleyo umbane ukusuka kumandla omoya. Ngokuqinisekileyo iindleko eziphezulu lwabo ngaphezu komndilili, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha baya abuyisele umahluko.

A kudala oko yasungulwa iteknoloji ukuvelisa amandla usebenzisa umahluko ubushushu bamanzi phakathi kolwandle kunye kubunzulu. China aza uza ukuphuhlisa le ndawo. Kwiminyaka ezayo, kufuphi nonxweme China ziya ukwakha isityalo amandla inkulu iyasebenza obu bugcisa. Kukho nezinye abasebenzisi yolwandle. Umzekelo, e-Australia, Siceba ukuseka isityalo amandla ivelisa amandla amandla imisinga yamanzi.

Kukho nezinye iindlela ezininzi ukuvelisa umbane okanye ubushushu. Kodwa ngokuchasene nentsukaphi nezinye iindlela amandla elanga - ngokwenene ukuba ethembisa indawo yezenzululwazi.