Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ukuba umntwana kwiminyaka emi-3? Age awohluke abantwana engama-3 ubudala. Ukuphuhliswa umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka 3 intetho

Uninzi abazali mihla eninzi ingqalelo kuphuhliso lwemfundo yabasaqalayo, esazi ukuba ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu, umntwana ngokulula ufunda ngexesha lo mdlalo, kwaye ngoko yenze kube nzima ngakumbi ukufunda ulwazi olutsha ngaphandle kwisiseko elungileyo yesiqalo. Kwaye phambi abadala abaninzi kuphakamisa umbuzo: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi umntwana kwiminyaka emi-3? Impendulo kuyo, kwakunye zonke iinkalo zophuhliso lwabantwana kule ubudala, uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

Isilumkiso: intlekele ekuyo i-kweminyaka emithathu

Intlekele eyehlele i-kweminyaka emithathu kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona zokuqala ngeentlekele ubudala bomntwana, yonke loo nto yenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ise- indawo. Elidityaniswe nesibakala sokuba abakule minyaka yobudala iqala inkqubo yokuba ukwazi baby - umfanekiso endala ezikhona iba lixesha, kwaye endaweni yayo kuphuma entsha. Ukuze enciphisa impixano, xi akwazi ukunceda njani umntwana wakho kweli xesha, kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu zilandelayo abantwana yobudala eyi-3:

• Kukho imfuneko yokuba umsebenzi ezimeleyo: umntwana owahluliweyo abadala, kodwa ubunyani, zibandezelekile kwezi zifundo zingundoqo kunye entsatsheni, kuba ihlabathi abadala.
• Umntwana uqala ukuba iphikisane ngokungapheliyo omdala, yima zokuphulaphula yokulwisana imimiselo zokuziphatha, bagonywe ngaphambili.
• Oko ngeli xesha, umntwana ufunda umahluko phakathi "ufuna" yaye "kumele", kunye nezenzo ngabom baqale ngabona phezu ukungxama.
• Kweli xesha yokuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza ukuzithemba, ochaphazela kakhulu sengqondo abadala.

nezici ezintsha

Kodwa ukongeza yobunzima abonakale luncedo, ukwandisa ukukwazi ukufunda iimpawu yomntwana kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala:

• ukulungela ngokunxibelelana: umntwana iqala ukusebenzisana nabanye abantu, sikhokelwa imithetho nemimiselo.
• ukulungela Cognitive: yakheka ubuchule bokucinga, ngenxa apho abantwana bayakwazi ukucinga ngezinto ze ithelekise, naxa bangaboni.
• Uphuhliso Ukuchukumiseka: umntwana iqala ukulawula iimvakalelo, kuquka zokuhlangabezana nale ndlongo.
• Kukho ubuchule score ukufunda.

Unxulumano kunye ubunyani ezingqonge, umntwana ufunda kwaye ziphuhlisa, umsebenzi abadala - ukumnceda. Xa efundisa kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo ngendlela ummandla wophuhliso proximal: into umntwana angenza ntoni ngoncedo abadala, yaye uye wafunda ukuba benze ngokwabo, kufuneka babe ngexesha ukufumana sigaba elidlulileyo.

Ukuvavanywa zophuhliso intetho

Ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emihlanu siya siphuhlisa ngokuzimisela okukhulu, ngoko kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba ingaba umntwana ayikho kude ngasemva, kwaye amncede xa kuyimfuneko. Ukuze ukuvavanya uphuhliso intetho, kukho luhlu lulandelayo ngoko kufuneka ukwazi umntwana kwiminyaka emi-3:

• Isigama malunga namawaka amagama.
• amagama ngokupheleleyo kunokuba izandi okanye iinguqulelo ezishwankathelweyo phantse asetyenziswe nokonyulwa izinto, abantu kunye nezilwanyana.
• Wakha kwaye ngokuchanekileyo usebenzisa izenzi luzakubekwa phambili (wabaleka, wabaleka, wabaleka out).
• Uyakwazi ukuba igama izinto usebenzisa generalizing amagama ( "iziqhamo" endaweni "emibhaka" yaye "apile").
• Masters amagama ezinto ezithile (ndingatsho ukuba kukho iimbiza ezantsi emphinini).
• Iyavumelana amagama yaye uyakuqonda oko nye.
• Yena qulunqa amazwi akhe ukusuka sele eyaziwa kuye.
• Iyazigatya ingqalelo amagama abanye abantwana ngexesha elifanayo kokuba avakalise izandi, kakhulu, into engalunganga.
• Nako ukuthetha, ukuze ikwazi ukuqonda nasiphi omdala.

Ngayo ukuphuhlisa intetho oyondeleleneyo

Olunye uphuhliso intetho yomntwana kwiminyaka 3 ziquka: isigama okwandayo, pronunciation echanekileyo izandi zoqeqesho kunye nokwakhiwa kwezivakalisi. Eyona njongo zonke iiklasi - ukuphuculwa intetho olubumbene lebyi. Ukuze wenze oku, ungenza ntoni ezikhethekileyo iimagazini-iinzuzo kunye nemifanekiso emihle kunye nemithambo.

Ngelishwa, silindele assiduity elide umntwana akakwazi, kodwa unako ukukhumbula imisebenzi esisiseko yabantwana iminyaka 3 bawuthwale usebenzisa amagama avela kwihlabathi wokwenene:

• Izindlu ingabizwa kulanda izinto kunye namagama generalizing ngumzekelo zokudlala, izihlangu, neenkamba, neempahla zonke ezinye izinto.
• Kwi ukuhamba, uyakwazi uxelele izichazi umntwana uze ubacele ukuba bafumane izinto ezifanelekileyo, ezifana (amanqaku kid indlu) "phezulu" okanye "red" (kunokuba umatshini). Abaxhamla kule msebenzi kukuba itakane eninokuzifumana ndikhulile kakhulu izinto ezifanelekileyo kakhulu, ngaphezu imifanekiso.
• Esitratweni nasekhaya, ungabuza imibuzo wakho umntwana malunga izinto azibona, umzekelo, apho, yintoni umbala, yintoni iimfuno kunye nabanye.

ukufunda ivesi

Kwiminyaka emithathu, umntwana kufuneka bakwazi ngentloko uphinde amagama 3-4 ukuba umntu omdala wathi. Ngesi amandla uyakwazi uqalise ukufundisa umbongo. Aqeqesha kwimemori, ingqalelo, ukuphuhlisa oko, egcwalisa isigama, ukwandisa iimbono malunga ihlabathi, uze uncede umntwana akhule kwaye bakwazi ukukhokela inkqubo obunenjongo kuqalisiwe ukuba iphele.

Umbongo abantwana iminyaka emi-3 ubudala akufunekile ukuba zibe nkulu kakhulu: quatrains ezimbini kuphela. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda umbongo, umntu omdala bangaxeleli ezichazayo bakhe uze uxoxe ngomongo kunye nomntwana. Unako ukuzoba imifanekiso itekisi xa oyifunayo. Kwistanza nganye akufundayo indlela efanayo: a likhule kancinci ivakalisa umgca wokuqala kwaye ucela umntwana ukuphinda emva kwakhe, kodwa akazange ukukhumbula. Emva koko esifunda umgca wesibini kwaye inxibelelene kowokuqala, wesithathu uze yongezwe ezimbini zokuqala. Emva koko ukhumbula yokugqibela kunye Kwisitanza sokuqala ulungele. Xa wafunda iinxalenye ezimbini, ukuba uqhagamshele, yaye le ndinyana ukufunda luphela.

umbongo Easy abantwana iminyaka 3 ekuqaleni kobusika:

Kusasa ndaya window,
Imangalisiwe: "Kulungile, kakuhle!
Ndaya kulala ekwindla,
Ebudeni ubusuku ihlabathi yatshintsha!

Coat enxibe ezimhlophe
Kwaye imithi kunye nezindlu.
Oku kuthetha ukuba, enyanisweni,
Ebusuku safika ubusika! "

Iikhonsepthi zokuqala izibalo

Ekumazini yokuqala kwimathematika uqala ngaphambili kakhulu kunokuba ikhangeleka, nendlela iya kuba nempumelelo ixhomekeke kubudlelwane elizayo nale nenzululwazi esimbaxa yomntwana. Kuyanceda ukuhlola ukuphelela luhlu lulandelayo ngoko kufuneka ukwazi umntwana leminyaka emi-3 entsimini yemathematika:

• Ukuze bakwazi ukuthelekisa izinto yi ububanzi, ubude, ubukhulu kunye nokuphakama.
• Sebenzisa ingqiqo yokukhuluma "ninzi" no "enye", ngokuchanekileyo ukuzilungelelanisa kunye izibizo.
• Yiba bakwazi ukubala iminwe emithathu.
• Yazi ubize iimilo esisiseko zejiyometri: isikwere, isangqa, unxantathu, uze uthelekise izinto yi imilo.
• Yazi kwaye usebenzise iikhonsepthi kwintetho yakhe: encinane, ezinkulu, ezincinane, yaye ngaphezulu.
• Ukuze bakwazi ukuthelekisa inani lezinto.
• Bakwazi ukufumana isibini kwezinto kwezizathu ezichazwe.

Ukujonga ulwazi malunga ihlabathi

Abanye abazali siyijongele phantsi izakhono zomntwana yayo yeminyaka emithathu yaye musani ukumkhwelela ngenani elithandekayo komthwalo, kunye neeklasi oluncediswayo kuqala ukulungiselela esikolweni yaye ujongene ukuthingaza umntwana afunde, ngokuba umsebenzi kwengqondo ubunile. Ukuthintela iingxaki ezinjalo kubalulekile ixesha elibalulekileyo kukufumanisa oko kufuneka ukwazi umntwana leminyaka emi-3 malunga ihlabathi, bazalise izikhewu xa kuyimfuneko.

Umntwana abakule minyaka yobudala kufuneka:

• Bayazi ukuba bajonge wabiza nezilwanyana zasekhaya nezasendle ngayo.
• Qonda ukuba ngubani iintaka, izinambuzane kunye nentlanzi, kwakunye ukuze bakwazi ikhwelo abameli abathathu-ezine yeklasi nganye.
• Ndiyazi amagama ezintathu okanye ezine imithi kunye neentyatyambo.
• Ukuze ukwazi ukwahlula phakathi iziqhamo, imifuno, amakhowa kunye namaqunube, kwakunye ukwazi izihloko zawo ezinkulu.
• Yiba ukuqonda iziganeko zendalo ezifana nomoya, imvula, umnyama, ikhephu.
• Yazi kwaye akwazi ukubiza njengenxalenye yosuku.
• Yiba ukuqonda izixhobo ekwenzeni izinto ezingqongileyo.

Sihlolisisa uphuhliso zokucinga motor skills

Umntwana kweminyaka emithathu kufuneka babe nako ukusebenza iintshukumo ezilandelayo:

• ukuqoqa imifanekiso leeyunithi 2-4;
• ukubona kwaye ukucacisa umahluko kulo mfanekiso;
• ukubona izinto ezingeyomfuneko yaye azithethelele ukhetho lwabo;
• uchaze izinto zikhangeleka, kwaye yintoni umahluko;
• isikere wasika ephepheni;
• iziqwenga ezahlukeneyo zodaka kwaye wenze ayi neebhola;
• ukuzoba amanqaku, iikomityi kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo neendlela zokuhambisa;
• ukubandakanya le imithambo umnwe.

Indlela ukuphuhlisa izakhono zokusebenzisa amalungu omzimba

I luncedo kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezakhono ngeemoto kuthathwa ebonisa abantwana iminyaka emi-3 ubudala, kodwa nomdla emntwaneni wakhe iqala ngaphambili kakhulu, umzekelo, xa olubulala isidudu ngemincili phezu kwetafile. Uyakwazi sculpt ngodongwe okanye kutsala khekhe. Iiklasi zisiza ukuphuhlisa intetho nokugxininisa iingcinga ezikhoyo ngehlabathi. • Umngundo unako, ukuba oyifunayo, ubuncinane yonke imihla, kodwa kabini ngeveki kwanele. Ukuze abe kwiklasi umdla kakhulu kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuba umntwana, ungenza ukusuka substrates kwiphepha elingabhalwanga kwaye ukhethe amabali afanelekileyo okanye imibongo.

Injongo yale amava yokuqala ngodongwe: ukufundisa umntwana ukuba sahlukane alityatye uze uyihlanganise ephepheni, unako ukuzoba imithi bawahombise kunye amagqabi anemibala. Xa isifundo sesibini kufuneka ufunde ukuba kuqengqeleka indlela iibhola, ungenza nokuhombisa zokudlala umthi weKrismesi Omtsha loNyaka. Ngexesha isifundo wesithathu umntwana izenzo thaca ayi kubo kuya kuba lula ukwenza umnyama okanye amakhonkco Olimpiki. Iminyaka emithathu ubudala ezi zindlela ezilula kwanele.

Kakade ke, bonke abantwana unique kwaye kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ndinakho. Kodwa oko kuxhomekeke abazali, ezi ubunakho ziya kusetyenziswa. Kubalulekile ukuba esweni ngokusondeleyo inkqubela yomntwana wakho, ukuvavanya inqanaba yayo yophuhliso, yaye usoloko ukunika imisebenzi emitsha kunye nezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi, kodwa akukho umdla ngaphantsi abantwana iminyaka emi-3 ubudala ngohlobo midlalo.