Iran: inkolo kunye nezenkolo abambalwa

Iran usinike ihlabathi ezikhumbuzo ezininzi yakudala kwaye nangoku lemveli lenkcubeko yalo safunda ngenyameko zizazinzulu evela ehlabathini lonke. Ilizwe ikwazile ukugcina nje kuphela, kodwa kananjalo ngeenjongo zokwandisa ubutyebi babo, njengokuba likarhulumente ukwahlukana ecacileyo unqulo kunye nesini.

Iran: ngokufutshane malunga ebalulekileyo

Iran kungenziwa ngokuba urhulumente apho kunzima ukuba ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi lwawo namaPersi, yaye kuba nefuthe ngqo kwi kwezopolitiko yangaphakathi kweli lizwe. Nangona yokuba kwiindawo ezininzi kunzima ukufumana lizwe phambili ezinjengezo Iran, inkolo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukususela nezithintelo zenkolo kunye nemimiselo bakucaphukele kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla ngokupheleleyo bonke abemi karhulumente, ukususela intloko lizwe kunye nesiphelo kunye kwamagcisa ezilula.

Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Iran na basePersi, oluthethwa sisininzi ezinkulu zabemi. Le ezifundiswa ezikolweni nakumaziko aphezulu emfundo iTehran. Abafazi kweli lizwe ngokuyimfuneko ukufunda, oku kubangelwe izithethe zonqulo ukuthi ezibekwa ngokucacileyo ukungalingani ngokwesini. Iimazi nabo bavunyelwa ukuqhuba kwizikhundla ebalulekileyo karhulumente kunye babe ngababingeleli. Xa amanye amalungelo abasetyhini azisekelwanga lanyhashwa kakhulu. imbono abaninzi Western nokuba ingqalelo imeko namhlanje Iran, kude Usenokungacalulwa aphakathi bamaSilamsi neemfundiso.

Religion of Iran Ancient

Yabemi Iran yaMandulo Wayemelwe ngokwezizwe amadlelo saa, ngoko ke unqulo impucuko yokuqala Iran ziyaphikisana yaye ineengcambu ezahlukeneyo. Izizwe yomeleleyo Iran Plateau baba kwiindawo, leyo bakwazi ukusasaza iinkolelo zabo phakathi kwezinye izizwe abahlala kulo mmandla.

Xa yonk 'oothixo Aryan, umntu ukubala ngaphezu kwewaka oomoya ezahlukeneyo kunye izithixo. Bonke bephela zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini:

• oothixo ingayalela;
• oothixo indalo.

unkulunkulu nganye ababingeleli balo kunye namasiko inkonzo ekhethekileyo. Ngokuthe ngcembe, la amasiko yaba zintsonkotha ngakumbi, kunye nobomi omdala yazisa utshintsho unqulo Iran yamandulo. Ngu BC nkulungwane yesibini, ukuba kwaqaqambisa uthixo ubulumko, ebeyinalo akhanya zonke nezithixo oothixo. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kwase kukunqulwa umlilo, wenza imibingelelo ngohlobo kwezilwanyana kunye nezipho wendalo. Ngexesha umlilo yombingelelo Aryans wathabatha isiselo esinxilisayo. Le yaziwa ngokuba haoma, waza wasetyenziswa sele nizahlule ukusuka imisitho yonqulo amawaka eminyaka.

Ekupheleni kwale BC ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe kummandla Iran yaMandulo kwasekwa intshukumo yenkolo wabhala entsha, leyo naa ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwabantu kwaye yeyona inempembelelo kweli lizwe.

Wabhala - ukuvela lenkolo entsha

Ngomhla ngemvelaphi wabhala on the Plateau Iranian amavo ezininzi, kodwa eneneni ngunozala izithethe yaba ngempela. Ababhali-mbali bakwazi ukufumana ubungqina bokuba Zoroaster waba ngumbingeleli owaziwayo phakathi Aryans. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe eshumayela okulungileyo eneminyaka engamashumi amane anambini, wafumana isityhilelo ukuba isiseko ukuvela inkolo entsha. Umbingeleli baqala ukuba ngenkuthalo azise ukukhanya ukholo inginginya, ehamba kulo lonke ilizwe, yaye emva kwexesha elithile ekushumayeleni Zoroaster yaqokelelwa kwincwadi enye engcwele - Avesta. yena ilungelo nobuchule ezingaqhelekanga, yaye ukutyhubela iinkulungwane waba ngumntu wasentsomini, ubukho apho Bambuza phantse bonke abaphengululi Western.

Imithetho wabhala

Iminyaka emininzi, Iran iwine yiZoroastrian. Inkolo Akumangalisi xa kuthelekiswa izithethe yamandulo Aryans, sinokuthi Zoroaster wazibandakanya zonke namahlelo ezaziwayo kwelinye. Isithixo ibalulekileyo wabhala ingqalelo Ormuzd, yena imela zonke eqaqambileyo ezilungileyo. Umelwe ukuba alwe rhoqo umzalwana wakhe emnyama Angra Manyu, ngubani na ukulungele ukuba atshabalalise uluntu, ukuba akwazi ukufumana siyinqobe kuyo.

Ngokutsho kwiziseko wabhala, isithixo ngamnye lizwe iminyaka eliwaka emithathu, iminyaka engamawaka amathathu, lilwela phakathi kwabo. Ngalinye xesha mpi lukhatshwa zeentlekele iintlekele zemvelo. Kodwa utshintsho ayisoze, kunye nabalawuli uluntu ukuba bazilungiselele oku.

Avesta: le ncwadi engcwele Iran amandulo

Yonke imithetho engundoqo wabhala ekuqaleni kudluliswe ngomlomo emlonyeni, kodwa ekugqibeleni bafumana imbonakalo kwi Avesta. It iqulathe ezintathu. Esokuqala eziqokelelwe amaculo oothixo, imithandazo Ormudze owesibini, kwaye ubonisa wesithathu yonke, nangokwamasiko kunye nemigaqo eziphambili lenkolo.

Wabhala: izithethe kunye nenkonzo

Uphawu ibalulekileyo nkonzo ukunqulwa wabhala yaba emlilweni. Uye minkarhi hinkwayo ababingeleli etempileni waza waba ngowokuqala ukuba ubungqina isiko lokwaluka abatsha Aryans. Iminyaka elishumi, inkwenkwe nganye wafumana isithixo lokwaluka, usoloko wenziwe emlilweni, yona olwandulela msitho kwafuneka ukuba "bondliwe" izihlandlo ezihlanu ngemini. ixesha ngasinye, ziluvingcile amafutha, umbingeleli ufunde mthandazo.

emikhosini Special ukuthobela zonke iziganeko ezenzeka kubomi boluntu, ezo zazo unzima bathwalwa phaya yokungcwabela izidumbu kwabafileyo Iran.

Kokoyiswa Iran ngu Arabhu: ukutshintsha unqulo

Ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe boyisa Arab eyangena Iran. Unqulo Arabhu, Islam, liye ngokubonakalayo bathabath yesiqhelo yiZoroastrian. eminyaka eziliqela ukuba phantse imperceptible, onke amaqela enkolo Bahlala ngoxolo kweli lizwe. Kodwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi, le meko ngendlela emangalisayo, Islam waba esifakiweyo ngokubanzi. Abo awuvumelani nkqubo yonqulo omtsha kutshutshiswa. Kwiindawo ezininzi Zoroastrians Iranian baba ukubulala, wenjenjalo ngokutyumzayo olukhulu. Ngeli xesha, inxalenye enkulu amalungu wokholo endala bafudukela eIndiya, apho waba eyaziwa ngokuba yiZoroastrian Parseeism kwaye nangoku intshukumo yonqulo kakhulu nefuthe kweli lizwe.

Islam: Iran ube inkolo yombuso

Ababhali-mbali ningathandabuzi, yintoni unqulo karhulumente we Iran emva kokuba ukugxothwa Zoroastrians - Islam eminyaka ezithathwe ngokuqinileyo kwindawo yayo ezingqondweni nasezintliziyweni of Iran. Ukususela ngenkulungwane yeshumi, komeleza kuphela indawo yayo kwaye ngokubonakalayo nempembelelo ubomi lwezentlalo lweli lizwe.

Ukususela ngenkulungwane yeshumi, uhlanga Iranian iye ithatha inxaxheba kumzabalazo lweentsingiselo ezimbini Islam - US kunye US. Amaninzi, ezi uhlangothi babesilwa Okwemfazwe axhobileyo KuloMgabuli lizwe ibe ngamaqela amabini. Konke oku kunefuthe elibi Iran. Inkolo iye yaba nkqubo nokuchaza kwaye langaphandle buye bungaveli ithuba iingxoxo stroke phakathi Iran kunye nehlabathi Koloni.

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala yamashumi zobulumko Iranian baye bazama ukuvuselela isithethe yelizwe wabhala, kodwa yee- zenkulungwane yokugqibela, revolution Islamic kuphelisa ezinye inkululeko kunqulo, yaye ekugqibeleni wamisela amandla Muslims Shiite.

Yeyiphi inkolo e Iran yeyona nempembelelo namhlanje?

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, nangona ngqongqo labalawuli Iranian kweli lizwe ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha kwakukho kwemisinga ezahlukeneyo zonqulo. Enokuba bengakwamkelanga unikezelo ubunzima, kodwa omnye amasebe Islam wakwazi ukuzuza zintshula kweli lizwe. Le khosi ukholo samaBaha'i, nto leyo edla ngokuba ubunye benkolo. Okwangoku le kwigcuntswana yonqulo yiyo abalandeli ezininzi Iran.

Sekunjalo, inkolo karhulumente Iran yenye, kuba ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingamashumi alithoba ekhulwini abemi US Muslims. Babambelela isikhundla eburhulumenteni babe abefundisi nempembelelo. ekhulwini ezisibhozo sabantu bazichaze amaSilamsi Cartoon, ahlale le pesenti ezimbini kuphela ye Iran abathi ukholo samaBaha'i, ubuKristu nobuYuda.

Abezopolitiko abaninzi Western ambiguously wavakalisa malunga Iran kunye polity yayo. Bakholelwa ukuba iqela zonqulo iimfundiso engqongqo indlela US siwanciphise kakhulu uphuhliso karhulumente. Kodwa akukho namnye unako ngokwenene ukuqikelela ukuba baya kwakha njani ubomi Iran zesiqhelo, ukuba unqulo iya kudlala indima ezincinane nkqubo basekhaya angaphandle kweli lizwe.