"Yinjani i-dandy yaseLondon igqoke": intsingiselo yegama likaPushkin

Ukususela ebuntwaneni nakumaxesha esikolweni, sikhumbula ukuba iqhawe likaPushkin u-Eugene Onegin wayengumdlali ka-Adam Smith kwaye wayekhathalela ngokukhawuleza ubuhle bezithupi zakhe, kodwa naye wayegqoke njengenene. Nangona kunjalo, akuyena wonke umntu oqondayo ukuza kuthi ngoku inqaku elithi "indlela eDondy egqoke ngayo" ithetha. Kutheni i-"dandy" ibonwa njengomgangatho wobungqina besilisa? Ziziphi ezi zizodwa zobuqu? Masihambe entliziyweni yaseNgilani ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo kwaye sibone ukuba ngubani odibeneyo.

Dandy waseLondon - ngubani lo?

I-Dandy ibinzana lembali lokuchaza umntu ohlawula ingqalelo ngokubonakala kwayo. I-Dandy njengomntu, ngeendlela ezininzi zihluke kwabanye abamele uluntu kungekhona nje ngokubonakala kwakhe kodwa nangemikhono yakhe: inentetho enhle, usebenza ngokuzilibazisa, unemilinganiselo yokuhamba, uyakuthanda ukuma phambi kwesibuko, engakhathali kwaye ozithemba. Ikhosi ye-dandyism yazalwa eNgilani ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 ekuphenduleni inxaxheba ephezulu kakhulu kuluntu lwezikolo ezibutyebi (i-bourgeoisie). I-Dandy yaseLondon - lo ngummeli weklasi eliphakathi, elifuna ukukhokela indlela yokuphila.

Kuthetha ukuthini i-dandyism?

Omnye unokuqonda ukuba le dandyism yinto enobungqina bezobupolitika obucocekileyo, eyaqala ngekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo eBrithani Enkulu kwaye yaba ngumlandeleli we-"American Revolution "(iziganeko zezopolitiko kwimibutho yaseBrithani yaseNyakatho Melika 1775-1779, eyaphela ekubunjweni kwe-United States). Ukunikezelwa kwezi ngxubusho, olu hlobo lwe-panache lubonakala njengenzame yokubhikisha ngokubhekisele kwinqanaba le "imigaqo engalinganiyo" kunye nemigqaliselo yokumamathela kwimigqaliselo ye-feudal neyokuqala.

Uqaliswe ngokuhlaziya

Iimpawu zefashoni ezithiwa ngama-dandi zacelwa ngethuba leminyaka elishumi elidlulileyo le-18 leminyaka. Kwimbali kunye neencwadi, kukho amabali amaninzi amnandi malunga nendlela i-fashion dandy eyenziwe ngayo. Omnye wabo uzinikele kwi-dandy eyaziwayo - iNkosi uSpencer (ummeli wentsapho enkulu yaseBrithani inkulu). Ngesinye isikhathi, ngenkathi ephumla esikhungweni, wazitshisa ngengubo iingubo zakhe, esondela kufuphi nomlilo ovuthayo. Ngaphandle kokucinga kabini, inkosi yawasika kwaye yaqhubeka ihlekisa. Ngoko kwakukho uhlobo olutsha lweengubo zangaphandle - isambatho esincinci ngaphandle komgangatho "Spencer". Kwithuba elithile, amadoda ayembethe "i-spencer ekhanyayo" phantsi kweengubo eziluhlaza okanye iikhati, yaye kwakucatshangelwa ukuba imfashini. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza le ngubo yathandwa ngabafazi, kwaye baqala ukugqoka.

Dandy waseLondon: ngubani lo? Wagqoka njani?

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX, i-dandyism yindoda yaqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. "I-Dandy yaseLondon" igqoke ngokuhlakanipha nangokuphakamisa, ngelizwi - "ngealiti." Iingcamango ze-dandy kukuba ukubonakala akufanele kuluvimbele. Ukunyaniseka kunye nobabalo ngokukhawuleza kwachonga loo mntu kwisihlwele. Amadoda, kubonakala ngathi, egqoke ngokukhawuleza nangokuphakamileyo, kodwa ukubonakala kwabo kwakudinga imali eninzi. I-Dandy yaseLondon - lo ngummeli othe tyekayo wentlalo yabantu!

Makhe sicacise njengomzekelo kwaye siqinisekise enye inkcazo evela kwireyari kwimibongo ethi "Eugene Onegin" yeklasi yaseRussia:

"... Nantsi i-Onegin yam ngokubanzi;
Ukwabiwa kwindlela yokugqibela;
Yeka indlela i-dandy yaseLondon igqoke ngayo ... "

Umfanekiso wale dandy ngoku awuzange ufune ubukho beempahla ezihlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezihlukeneyo. Ngoku abantu banenkxalabo malunga nomgangatho wokunquma, omele ulungele. I-Thrace kunye ne-waistcoats zaba yizona zinto eziphambili zengubo yansuku zonke yamadoda, zahlanjululwa kwiingubo eziphezulu. Isitala seengubo zakhethwa ngenxa yezizathu ezilula: ngokuhlwa amadoda ayegqoke iingubo ezimhlophe ezimnyama (ezimnyama okanye eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kwaye emini-ukukhanya (ngokuqhelekileyo kumnyama).

Iinkcukacha ezimbini kuphela zomfanekiso wesilisa unokuba yimbala eqaqambileyo - yinto eboyiweyo kunye nentambo, athatyathwa ngokucophelela nangenhlonipho. Ii-dandies zangempela zikholelwa ukuba enye yezinto eziphambili zomfanekiso wazo yi-waistcoat, emele ifikeleleke ngokufanelekileyo kwimbala yembali yembatho kwaye ibe neyona ndlela idibeneyo. Phakathi kweedandi ezicebile kwagqitywa ukuba ziqokelele iqoqo elikhulu leempahla ezihlukeneyo, ukusika kunye nombala (enye yazo yayingumdlali owaziwayo wesiNgesi kunye nomlobi we-prose u-Oscar Wilde). Isinyathelo sokugqibela endleleni eya ekufezekisweni komfanekiso ofanelekileyo yinto yokukhetha ityhi (okanye intambo yentambo), ekufuneka ihlanganiswe ngendlela ekhethekileyo.

Umtya wawuthathwa njengento ebalulekileyo yomfanekiso we "dandy"

Ubugcisa bokudibanisa ubudlelwane buye buxabiswa ngaphezu kwazo zonke. Le dandy (eLondon) oku kwaye yahluke kwilungu eliqhelekileyo kuluntu. Iqhosha lokudala nelifundo lihlolwe njengento ehlukile yomfanekiso. Umtya obophelelwe ngokugqithiseleyo wawuboniswa ngokungahloniphi kwesohlwayo kwaye kufana nokuhlaziywa ngokukhawuleza, nangona le nto yayingakanani ixesha elizinikele kulo. Lo msebenzi wawufumene ukuthandwa kangangokuthi ekuqaleni kweencwadi ze-XIX zenkulungwane zanikezelwa kumbuzo wendlela yokwenza ngobuchule ukudibanisa ityayi okanye inqabunga yentamo. Omnye wabalobi ngu-Honore de Balzac (umlobi waseFrentshi, umsunguli wencwadi ye-Yurophu), owathi ngo-1830 wabhala incwadi yonke ethi "Ukunyangwa kwindlela yokuphila enhle."

Imithetho kunye neengxowa zabameli be "dandyism"

Ama-dandi eyokuqala ayengabonakaliyo kwaye abakhethiweyo. Indlela ekhethekileyo yokukhetha iingubo yayininzi rhoqo kunye nemithetho. Abameli bokwenene be-"dandyism" babecinga ukuba yinto ephosakeleyo ukuba bagqoke kwi-suit, into ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukuze ugweme oku, bavumela abakhonzi babo kunye neengubo zabo zambethe abakhonzi babo, ukuze loo mpahla, emva kwexesha, ibe yidala kwaye igugile. Ngamanye amaxesha iimpahla zitshintshwa ngokukhethekileyo kunye nezinto ezinobumba obunobumba - i-sandpaper okanye iglasi elibi. I-Dandy yaseLondon, isithunzi esinemifanekiso esichazwe ngezantsi, ihlala iyakhathalela ngokubonakala kwayo.

Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa ekuhlambulukeni kobuqu. Izambatho kufuneka zihlale zicocekile kwaye zivumba. Iikhati kunye neiglavu zazifuna unonophelo olunonophelekileyo. I-dandy yangempela yayinomthetho ongabonakaliyo: ngeveki indoda kufuneka ishintshe malunga neengubo ezingamashumi amabini, iehokerchief, ezingamashumi amathathu ezilishumi kunye neengqungquthela ezingapheliyo.