Yebhola yaseMelika. Imithetho eyaziwa kuwo wonke amaMerika

Ibhola lebhola laseMelika, imigaqo yawo yonke iMerika eyazi, inokuthi ithathwa njengemidlalo yesizwe yase- United States. Lo mdlalo ujwayelene nawo wonke umntu kweli lizwe: ukusuka kubafana abancinane abafunde ukuhamba, ukuya kwindoda endala ekhumbuzayo, mhlawumbi, indlela le mdlalo yazalwa ngayo.

Imbali yokubonakala kwebhola laseMerika

Inkulungwane ye-19 iya kukhunjulwa kuze kube phakade ngamaMerika kungekhona nje nge "golide" kunye nokulwa namaNdiya, kodwa nangokuvela kwebhola lebhola laseMerika. Ngowe-1869, iiyunivesithi ezimbini, u-Rutgersky noPrinceton, banquma ukubamba umdlalo onobungane. Yiloo nto yokudlala, ibhola yombhoxo okanye ibhola lebhola, abazange bakwazi ukugqiba. Ekugqibeleni, zombini iimidlalo zadibaniswa, kwaye kwavela imidlalo edumile, eyayifumana igama elithi "ibhola lebhola laseMelika." Imithetho yalo mdlalo idibanisa inxalenye yemithetho yebhola (inxaxheba yebhola yaseYurophu) kunye nombhoxo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwibhola lebhola laseMelika nge-19 leminyaka badlala ngokungafaniyo okwenziwe ngoku.

Unyaka ngamnye umdlalo wawutye kakhulu kwilizwe. Ekupheleni kwekhulu, umqeqeshi uWalter Kemp wenza isiphakamiso sokuphucula imithetho yomdlalo webhola laseMelika. Ngokweziphakamiso zakhe, ubungakanani bebala lebhola yebhola yaba yincinci, inani labadlali abasentsimini lancitshiswa laba bantu abayi-11 kwiqela. U-Kemp wabuye wazisa oko kuthiwa "umgca wokumemeza", apho amaqela akhiwa ngexesha lebhola.

Ngokuhambisana nenani elikhulayo labalandeli bomdlalo, inani labo bachasene nemidlalo emitsha landa . Abaninzi babesabisa ubukrakra kunye nobuqhophololo bomdlalo, kwezinye iikholeji kwanqatshelwe ukuba badlale ibhola lebhola laseMerika. Imithetho, ngokwenene, yayinzima kakhulu: kwiminyaka embalwa yaziwa ngabadlali abangama-180 abalimele, ukulimala kwe-18 kwabulawa.

Mhlawumbi oku kuya kuphelisa ibali lebhola laseMelika, ukuba kungekhona uMongameli wase-US u- Theodore Roosevelt, owaziwa ngokuba ngumlutha wezemidlalo ezonakalisayo kunye nodlova. Ngokungeniswa kwakhe, ibhola leMelika laliguqulelwe, imigaqo yaba yinto encinci, kwaye umdlalo wanikwa ilungelo lokuba khona.

Yebhola yaseMelika. Imithetho yomdlalo, eyaziwa kuwo wonke amaMerika

Injongo yomdlalo kukufumana amanqaku amaninzi phezu kwexesha elibiweyo kuneqela elichasileyo. Kulo ntsi kukho amaqela amabini kwinani labantu abayi-11, inani labadlali abaphambili alukhawulelwanga. Ixesha lemidlalo liyimitha engama-60, okanye amaxesha amane ekota kwikota. Emva kwexesha lokuqala nelesithathu, ikhefu le-1 lichazwe, emva kwexesha lesibini - ikhefu lide, lihlala imizuzu engama-15.

Umdlalo usekelwe ekuhlaselweni rhoqo, okubandakanya abadlali abalayini aba-7 (abahlaseli). Umdlali oqaqambileyo kufuneka aphonse ibhola emva, apho umkhuseli ethatha khona kwaye athathe isandla kumdlali wecala lomgca. Kwakhona, umkhuseli ngokwakhe unokugqitha ngebhola phambili. Umsebenzi wakhe - ukugqithisa udonga, owamisela abakhuseli beqela.

Omnye unokuthi imithetho imele ifane nebholabhu, ngokwenene, kukho ukungafani. Umbhobho uquka ukuhlasela kuphela umdlali ophethe ibhola; Ibhola lebhola laseMerika, imigaqo yalo yinto encinci, ebonakaliswe ngokuhlaselwa kunoma yimuphi umdlali, kwaye ingahlaselwa okanye ihlaselwe ngamacandelo. Injongo kukuthatha ibhola kuye emva kokutshintshwa, uphonsa umdlali phantsi kwaye uhoxise kumdlalo. Kule nkalo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwintsimi kukho ukulahla.

Ukudlala ekuhlaselweni, iqela ngalinye lenza u-4 uzame ukuphonsela ibhola ngokukhawuleza kwintsimi yomdlali. Ukuba iqela lenza oku, linikezelwa ilungelo lokuhlaselwa elinye, kwaye ukulahlwa kwakha kwindawo yomgca apho umdlali angafikelela kwibhola. Ukuba izifo zingaphumeleli, ilungelo lokuhlaselwa kwe-4 lidlula kwiqela labachasi.

Mhlawumbi le midlalo iya kufutshane ibe yinto eyaziwayo kakhulu emhlabeni: unyaka ngamnye inani labalandeli balo landa.