YaMandulo eRashiya: Clothing. Clothing eRashiya: abasetyhini, amadoda, abantwana

Mbali baye bavumelana ukuba bajonge indlela Russian Slavonic era iimpahla, njengoko ngelo xesha izizwe babehlala ikakhulu kude iindlela zorhwebo, ngokufuthi ehlathini imigodi nesizungu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingcebiso ukuba iimpahla ngaloo mihla ezilula kunokuba obungabangeli mdla. Le yokugqibela kubangelwa yinto yokuba amalaphu ishishini cottage ngelo xesha ixesha elide kakhulu, njengoko kwakungekho phantse akukho iindlela zobugcisa lokuvelisa izinto ngubo.

iimpahla zamandulo Malunga wahlala ulwazi oluncinane

Imfundo yezikolo zikarhulumente yaMandulo Rus impahla labantu nekungoku ingxamele ohlukeneyo kangangoko ukudibana nabanye abantu, waqala ukuthatha imilo kwi AD ngenkulungwane yesithoba. Phambi kweli xesha, iinkcukacha malunga imbonakalo nokuxubana ncinci njengoko izinto ngubo ngelo xesha ezenziwe ngezinto zendalo, iintsalela eziphilayo ezo egcinwe ixesha elide. Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba lo AD 6-9 kwinkulungwane kwi benemfundo yayilisiko ukuba aqhumisele umzimba ngaphambi komngcwabo, ngoko zamangcwaba ubukhulu becala yokutyiwa kwezihombo yesinyithi zaphela okanye izinto zokukhululana. Abembi bezinto zakudala amaxesha lucky kuphela nje ezimbalwa xa, umzekelo, ngexesha Ukumba i-Old Ladoga wafumana iintsalela yesikhumba uza kubuyisela inkangeleko zeeglavu kunye neebhutsi ezifana, amagusha, kunxitywa ookhokho bethu.

Lokulwa iblukhwe efanayo

Xa imithombo ebhalwe amazwe de AD ngenkulungwane ye-10, akukho kukhankanywa kwexesha ukuba bajonge indlela Slavic kunye neempahla Russian. Oku akubhalwanga okanye ababhali baseByzantium, okanye imithombo Arabhu. P. Kesarsky kuphela okhankanywe kwinkulungwane yesithandathu ukuba nokuxubana (ukusuka Balkans) ukuya kulwa kwi iblukhwe isimbo efanayo asisifutshane, ngaphandle ingubo okanye ingubo ngaphezulu. Kamva, xa nokuxubana wafumana uhlobo olutsha ulwimi olubhaliweyo, izazinzulu ngokusekelwe ebhalwe banethuba ukujonga indlela kakuhle khangela ngelo xesha abantu, ubuncinane i baziincamisa kubo.

Kings enxibe ihempe

Yintoni abo baphantsi kolawulo nezo Rus mandulo? Clothing Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych eboniswe yomfanekiso Izbornik 1073, uye cut elula. Yinto elide, ezantsi kwedolo, ihempe, leyo esingenamikhono ingubo phezulu kunye uziphu emagxeni. Phezu kwentloko umnqwazi wenkosi uya, mhlawumbe ne uboya ngayo usike apha emilenzeni izihlangu ezitsolo. Amalungu entsapho yakhe, bemi kufutshane, benxibe ihempe ibotshelelwe iibhanti. Umfazi Svyatoslav yabipa phantse phantsi, isikhafu yakhe intloko. iimpahla labantwana kwi umntwana omncinci i ikopi elincinane abadala. Oonyana Yaroslav kaThixo babenxiba iingubo ukufana kunye iikhola kunye, mhlawumbi, baba babizwa ngokuba "amazibuko" - kunokuba ibhulukhwe emxinwa kunye umtya kwi esinqeni. izinto zabanye kwi zomfanekiso zipeyintwe ithowuni bubomvu-mdaka.

Impahla senziwe kwi yomluki

Iingcali zithi impahla ukukhanya Kiev Rus e ubunzima baso emhlophe, ukususela kumaxesha ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali Slavic izinto ngubo akhutshwa kwimicu iflakisi hemp elo amhlophe (nombala okanye xa sokukhanyisa ayanelanga). Sele eminyaka 6-9 izizwe Northern Russia ukwazi lomsonti na uhlobo nkqo, nakwelasezantsi wafumana izinto ngoweqela kweminyaka 9-10, eyalingqinelayo malunga ithuba basebenza zinto tye.

Ukongeza ngelinen kunye hemp amalaphu, nokuxubana kusetyenziswa inxaxheba noboya, iintsalela apho kwafunyanwa zokungqinga yokungcwaba East. Ukongeza, ngenxa iimpawu zemozulu le ukuthandwa enkulu bafumana impahla uboya. Abathungi yexesha sele uyakwazi webhu kunye iintsuba ezininzi izinto ezinkulu. Ukuze 'ingubo "iintsuba Ingcuka sixabana, amabhere, iigusha, kunye nendawo ophela (ingaphakathi) yayenziwe Sable, otter, beaver, unomatse, weasel, marten. Kakade ke, xa oboya ezibizayo bahamba kuphela amalungu yezikhulu. ERashiya, bakwazi ukusingatha izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo nesikhumba (izinto bed yezityalo, njl ..), ke iimpahla madoda eRashiya kwakuquka lengubo umbhinqo, iiglavu kunye izicathulo (kuba amanye amalungu oluntu). Nokuxubana wayedla enxibe wentlonze ukusuka izikhumba yeemazi okanye iibhokhwe kunokuba ukusuka ihashe kufihla.

Nokuba ngeentsuku ezibandayo kungenzeka ukuba banxibe izixathula

Yintoni nibophe Rus Ancient? Iimpahla ezenziwe ngezinto zendalo, inkoliso yabantu apha kwixesha abandayo ... yongezwe izihlangu bast kunye engathi apha emilenzeni, leyo uhlobo zindala nezihlangu (ehlotyeni kungenzeka ukuya zihlangu). amagwegwe Special zinothi abembi bast kwenye Neolithic, ngoko mhlawumbi, le mifuziselo kwakukho nokuxubana kunye nokuxubana yamandulo. Lapti bakhiwe njengoko kulindeleke ukusuka amaxolo emithi ezahlukeneyo yaye neiznosostoykimi kakhulu. Sikwithuba kamva, kwafunyaniswa ukuba indoda okunene ethi ibe iimbadada ebusika iintsuku ezilishumi, yaye ngexesha lokuvuna ehlotyeni lonyaka - ngaphantsi kweveki. Noko ke, izihlangu loo aqhankqalaza nkqu Red Army kwi 30 kwinkulungwane yama-20, kwaye workpiece bast iinjongo zomkhosi iphathwa ikomiti ekhethekileyo - "Chekvolap".

Etempileni - kuphela iingubo Slavic!

Nokuxubana, apho kwakuhlala yamandulo Russia (iimpahla kunye nezihlangu ukuba musa kwahluka uluhlu omkhulu), kodwa ngentlonelo ngubo yayo elula. Umzekelo, kwi "uLizwi Danily Zatochnika" lathi, "bekuya kuba ngcono siye sabona unyawo lwakhe lychenitse (bast) kwikhaya lakho ngaphezu ku iibhutsi emnyama ebomvu kwi Boyarsky Dvor". Kwaye inkokeli Czech nokuxubana ngokwayo kuyaziwa ukuba akazange avumele kuye kwi yokwamkela emva German uKumkani Dagobert, wada similise impahla Slavic. Bebonke isiphelo sinye okwandihlelayo njengommeli kabhishophu, yaseJamani Gerimanna ukuba phambi ukutyelela itempile kwidolophu Triglav namanwele, wasitshintsha esifubeni Slavic kunye nomnqwazi (1124 BC. E.).

Abafazi bendisoloko ndiyithanda izacholo

Malunga ngabona impahla yabafazi eRashiya ekuqaleni wokuzalwa sokumiswa Russian, abembi bakufumanisa kunzima ukutsho. Kucingelwa ukuba indlela akukho eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka ihempe lamadoda, kodwa mhlawumbi ngakumbi ngokobutyebi emfakamfele elide. Phezu kwentloko abafazi AMAGQABAZA ▸ corbel, amakhonkco nezenyama entanyeni - ngokufuthi amaso iglasi blue okanye eluhlaza. eqhelekileyo bade nezacholo, nemisesane. Ebusika, amanenekazi ayenxiba iingubo uboya kunye neetyali kunye neengcingo, ezifana iiqhiya - "ponyavy" esikhusela umzimba asezantsi nasemzimbeni. phambi kwabo irekhodwa AD ngenkulungwane ye-11.

Impembelelo kwamanye amazwe

Njengoko abafowunelwa asakhasayo phakathi kwamanye amazwe ye-Rus Ancient, iimpahla nokuxubana waba ohlukeneyo kunye amalaphu ezintsha, ukunxiba umzobo kunye ukwahlulwa umphakathi maleko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya pre-Mongolian (iminyaka 10-13) Inkangeleko bazi Russian aseByzantium ngakumbi kwakuhambisana nezithethe zabo elide elibaleka shirts, iibhatyi kunye amakhonkco. Kwaye ke abantu abaqhelekileyo, amabhinqa ezithile, ezi ntsingiselo wabalaselisa "ifaskoti" - isiziba elula ngelaphu, agobe, kukho umngxuma intloko, awayibeka phezu ihempe ezingundoqo, wambhinqisa (the seams ecaleni kwi ifaskoti wayengekho). Ngeeholide amanenekazi baba "navershniki" ilaphu ezimfakamfele, leyo ifaskoti nenxitywa phezu isikipa okanye bembonisa amelwe ngaphandle ibhanti enemikhono ububanzi. Phantse zonke iimpahla zonke Kievan Rus atyabukile phezu kwentloko yaye ikhola yakhe (amanga).

Clothing Mongol amaqhawe

Tatar-Mongol lihlaselwe washiya ukuboleka ethile entsimini inkcubeko eziphathekayo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba indlela yintoni impahla eRashiya kwinkulungwane elandelayo. Izinto ezininzi lezambatho amajoni Mongolian baba ngoko amadoda Russian, kuquka iibhutsi kunye babezizwa iikawusi kunye kwizikhuseli umnqwazi, ingubo lamanqanaba ezimbini uboya (ngaphandle nangaphakathi), ingubo bloomers kaThixo, skullcap (tafi), imixwayo, imixwayo kunye nabanye.

Iimpahla ezahlukeneyo ukusuka iimpahla Moscow Rus Kievan Rus?

Clothing kwinkulungwane ye-15 xa idyokhwe Tatar-Mongol yabhukuqwayo, naseRashiya waba le ulawulo Moscow, iye yatshintsha ngokungqinelana kunye ubudala, kodwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa izinduna, izidwangube kunye abantu bendawo. Kweli xesha, isuti ugcina iimpawu ezingundoqo nesambatho Kievan Rus - shirt kunye namazibuko amadoda neotreznoy ukunciphisa izinto ngubo, elide, kodwa kukho iimpawu fashion entsha. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, kunganxulunyaniswa ubukho cloakrooms uyisele iimpahla. Kwabasetyhini, oko unzips ukuya ezantsi amadoda - ukususela esinqeni ukuya kwaye zinikwa ukuyona "lempundu" okokuqala esebenzisa izikhonkwane lomnyango. Kamva ke wabumba nenqubo eyiyo ukusuka emgangathweni phezulu ukuya ekhohlo, ngenxa lula izinto zokubopha enjalo amadabi amadoda saber.

imikhono Fake nezimfakamfele ngegolide

Around eli xesha, kukho izinto non-ezisebenzayo kwi iingubo yezikhulu. Ezi ziquka multi-isakhelo iikhola ukusonga enemikhono; leyo, umzekelo kwi ohabne, libotshelelwe ngasemva, sikwayyigxininisa kakhulu into yokuba umnini iingubo engaganwanga emisebenzini enzima. abantu abazizityebi nga ukunxiba maleko ezimbalwa iimpahla, nkqu ngexesha eshushu. Xa izinto ngubo efanayo zazisoloko zibambene ngokupheleleyo ukuvalwa. Le yokugqibela yakhokelela ekubeni impahla eninzi izinto kwinqanaba izacholo, kuquka umhombiso neyeeperile, amatye anqabileyo, umsebenzi oyimfakamfele igolide ngocingo nesilivere, amaqhosha ezenziwe ngegolide, isiliva, wayesebenzisa kunye namatye anqabileyo.

Yaba lezambatho Russian ixesha kunye nezinto ezinokuba kugxininisa ezinye okanye ezinye iimpawu imilo. Ezi ziquka bag esinqeni isipaji ( "Kalita"), apho amajoni esinqeni kunye isafobe slim kunye izinduna - phezu ezinqeni kunye ukufana elibalulekileyo iingubo, kuba inzaliseko yalo bume ezixabisa kakhulu kakhulu njengophawu lobomi ngokupheleleyo.

Wayenjani ixesha banxibe zabantwana, le Moscow Russia - ayaziwa. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba ikopi lula models abadala. Kodwa fashion amanenekazi 'ixesha iisampula bakhuthaza amagcisa ezininzi yobuciko ezintle (Korovin, Repin, Surikov). Xa intliziyo yonke ngubo kwakhona kubeka ihempe, waphuma ezantsi ngenxa noxolelwano (ububanzi akwazi ukufikelela ezantsi ukuya kwiimitha ezi-6!). Kuye kwenziwa bomqhaphu okanye isilika amalaphu (abantu abaqhelekileyo - kwakhona ukusuka iflakisi) kwaye iqokelelwe entanyeni.

isuti nendlela ... zalishumi ku ngeekhilogram 15

Kule ihempe atyabukile sundress Brightcloth oyimfakamfele amalaphu kunye ngomvumbo nkqo embindini, ibanjwa kwi elimxinwa badla ubotshwe iirholithi phantsi ibele. iimpahla abafazi Top bakaThixo benkulungwane ye-16, eRussia emelwe yi "dushegreya" of ezimibalabala ukuba nazo zithathelwa phezu kwamagxa ezizibeni. Ngemihla le Moscow Russia amanenekazi baqhubeka ukunxiba iimpahla ezindala iziqalelo -. Skirt, elibala, elibala, njl Abameli iintsapho atyebileyo ayenxiba "Letnik", ngokufuthi kunye nentsimbi yomqala beaver ikhola, telogreyu uboya. Ukususela iminqwazi ukuthandwa legunya "u-" - legqunyiwe urhangqo ngelaphu kunye kokoshnik, ebusika - cap ngombala. izambatho noblewoman zaye phantse lonke nepritalennymi athungwe evela amalaphu abizayo nge embroideries ezininzi, kunye nobunzima babo bakwazi ukufikelela ukuya kilograms 15. Kule Ingubo nenekazi static, ubukhulu, inani ngokuyinxenye omkhulu, okuhambelana fashion kunye nezithethe yokuziphatha kwe xesha.

iimpahla kwinkulungwane ye-17 eRashiya ngokubanzi kwaba ngathi iingubo iinkulungwane zangaphambili, kodwa kwakukho inxenye amacandelo ezintsha. Ezi ziquka engena enemikhono vogue ububanzi, puckered kwi kwisihlahla onxiba yabasetyhini, yande shushunov - sundresses, apho ngasemva athungwe mbeje fake ezimbini ubude. Ziye zaphawula ukuba ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-17 beza abafundi befashoni kokokuhombisa strip umqukumbelo sundress iyophela wayo ukusuka ngelaphu ngaphambili. ngeli xesha fashion Foreign Rus oluchaphazelekayo ukuthandwa omncinane legunya nje amalaphu ezintsha kunye nezinto ngamnye, ezifana ingubo Polish. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uluntu Russian eli wamelana ukuqaliswa uPetros Great ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, "isiJamani" fashion, njengoko ecetywayo, wayenxiba, iinwele kunye zokuphila zingahambelani eminyaka ubudala indlela neentsingiselo kwi yokwambatha Russian.