KaYuri Khmelnitsky: engobomi emfutshane, ezopolitiko, ebudeni bolawulo

Enye amanani ixakayo kwimbali Ukrainian yi kaYuri Khmelnitsky. Nyana le mbali enkulu melly wafumana umbono apho zohlukana kakhulu, kuxhomekeka kwindawo ebabecinga. Ke bonke bayavuma ukuba unyana ka-amandla akhe oluphantsi kakhulu uyise. Biography Yuriya Hmelnitskogo iya kuba ngumba ingqalelo yethu.

ebuntwaneni

KaYuri Khmelnitsky wazalwa malunga 1641 kwifama kufuphi Chigirina ngeMigqibelo kwintsapho encinane Ukrainian uLord melly (Zinovy) Khmelnitsky kunye Anna Semyonovna Somko, udade elizayo sokubambela hetman Yakov Somko. Ngaphandle kwakhe, intsapho wayenabantwana esixhenxe: amakhwenkwe 3 kunye namantombazana 4.

Malunga neminyaka yokuqala yobomi uYuri phantse nto iyaziwa, ukuba akathanga ukuba wayehlala uyise nonina kwifama ekhaya.

Ubomi bentsapho Khmelnytsky kunye yonke le Commonwealth litshintshile kakhulu ukususela ngo 1647, xa ngeMigqibelo wenza bayiphanga behlasela zakho utshaba uLord melly Daniel Czapliński. Wonakalise kwilifa, xa intloko-ntsapho kude nekhaya, wamtyakatya nesiqingatha ukufa omnye koonyana bakhe.

impi wenkululeko

Ngokungamfumani ibhunga esivakalayo rein lakomkhulu, Bohdan Khmelnytsky ekuqaleni kuka-1648 e-Ukraine kwabangela mvukelo ethandwayo nxamnye ulawulo Polish. Le lokuqhuba amandla iphambili mvukelo yaba Zaporozhye Cossacks, leyo hetman kulo nyaka waye wonyulwa melly Zinovy.

Iimpumelelo yokuqala mvukelo baba yayintle, njengoko umkhosi Cossack kwi umfela ndawonye we iCrimea AmaTatar wakwazi ukulawula uninzi-yanamhlanje Ukraine. Sekunjalo wezopolitiko melly Khmelnitsky akunjalo nobunzima kakhulu, yaye imidlalo ngenxa-ekhaphethini nothotho betrayals yanyanzeleka ngo-1651 ukuya asayine ihlabathi disadvantageous Belotserkovskii oko kwakuthetha ukulahlekelwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yale mimandla.

Bohdan Khmelnytsky waqonda ukuba ngaphandle sizana onamandla ngayo ukuba aphumelele emfazweni. On Pereiaslav Symbol ngoJanuwari 1654 isigqibo Kwavunyelwana ulwamkelo Russian ubumi ukumkani. Emva koko, iRussia ilwa ePoland.

KaYuri Khmelnitsky, ngokungafaniyo umzalwana wakhe omdala Timosha, ngenxa lwemfundo yabaqalayo, inxalenye ngqo nemikhankaso zomkhosi kayise abazange bayamkele. Emva Timosha wabulawa 1653 ngexesha kwiphulo e Moldova uYuri, wayengunyana kuphela Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, nje akuba efile nabazalwana bakhe ngaphambili. Lowo wathunyelwa uyise ukufunda eyayiseKiev collegium.

Emva kokugqiba izifundo zakhe ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu ngoncedo kayise, uYuri Khmelnitsky Hetman sabhengezwa. Oko kukuthi, melly na iphekwe ilifa amandla emva kokufa kwakhe, eyabakho 1657 ukusuka istroke.

Emva kokufa kukayise wakhe

KaYuri oneminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu ubudala emva kokufa ngesiquphe utata wakhe wayengekho kuloo ukulungele ukuthatha phezu ulawulo karhulumente. Nangona inxalenye Cossacks uYesu hetman, kodwa Chigirinskaya rada bathe bakhetha intloko kunobhala jikelele (i-analogue le yingqonyela yaseYurophu) Ivana Vygovskogo. Yury Bogdanovich Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuyeka ukubusa obuxhasa umgqatswa onamava.

Ivan Vygovskyy ukususela kwimihla yakudala wakhokelela elizimeleyo nkqubo karhulumente Russian. Wayekholelwa ukuba tsar Russian kumosha izivumelwano zokuqala kwi manyano. Vygovskyy waya rapprochement kunye ePoland, iyinto eyazala ekuqukunjelweni ikhontrakthi Hadiach 1658. Ilungiselelwe ukuba kubandakanywe Ukraine (duchy grand Russian) inxalenye ye ePoland, ngokulinganayo Lithuania kunye Poland.

Esi sivumelwano kwakhokelela kuqhekeka ezintlwini Cossack. Inani elikhulu abadala kunye Cossacks ezilula abachasene rapprochement kunye Poland waza wahlala enyanisekile i-Russian Tsar. Uhlulo yakhokelela kunyaka-amathathu imfazwe yamakhaya Ukraine, ixesha ethe ogama amabhodlo. Ngexesha umlo phakathi umkhosi Russian, ethe wafumana inkxaso ngayo sinyanisekile ukumkani Cossacks, yaye amajoni Vygovskogo, le yokugqibela lamoyisa kwaza kwanyanzeleka ngo-1659 ukuba asabele ePoland.

hetman yesibini

Ngemva kokubaleka Vygovskogo, amagosa Cossack wagqiba inyule Hetman entsha. Enye abaxhasi ezininzi esebenzayo ye Vygovskogo wahliswa waba umalume kwi uYuri kanina - Colonel Yakov Somko, naye imethyl endaweni intloko Cossacks. Kodwa Olwa engundoqo wayengunyana ka Velikogo Bogdana - elinesibhozo kaYuri. udumo bawo ikhadi layo trump. Kwaye rada ngo-1659 kwi-White Church malunga nesithuba hetman uYuri Khmelnitsky savunywa. Ebudeni bolawulo Hetman (1659 -. 1685) kungqamane ixesha lamanxuwa wamagazi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe nonyulo wakhe, uYuri wathumela rada kwi-White Church ngumntu othenjiweyo sikayise - Ivana Bryuhovetskogo, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba phezu hetman ka Ekhohlo-Bank Ukraine.

Kule entsha rada yamkela isigqibo kwi isikhalazo Russian Tsar malunga nokwandiswa kwamalungelo Cossacks. Ngokukodwa, nemibuzo emalunga ngamandla sekomelezeni Hetman kunye ukuzimela lwe Ukrainian Church. Kodwa ke sikhalazo bazitshitshisela irhuluneli yasebukhosini Troubetzkoy. Kwakhona ifuna kwakhona sichwayitile ngenxa Cossacks apho amalungelo kunomda nangakumbi xa kuthelekiswa amaxesha Bogdana Hmelnitskogo.

ukuqhekeza Ukraine

Ngowe-1660 imikhosi Russian phantsi kobunkokheli uLord Sheremetyev ayekhalazela imikhosi ye-Commonwealth. Kwirhuluneli wayeza ukujoyina uYuri Khmelnitsky kunye Cossacks wakhe, kodwa kwakunzima kuba wobu-. Wafika emva kwexesha kwaye engqongwe ngumkhosi Polish, wayesele ixesha ukuya kungqinga Sheremetyevo.

Phantsi koxinzelelo kaYuri Foreman kwanyanzeleka ukuba basayine imvumelwano entsha kunye Commonwealth. Kwindawo yokulungiselela, wathiywa igama Slobodyshche imbali. Esi sivumelwano sele ezininzi efanayo Gadyachsky, kodwa ukunika inkululeko ngaphantsi yabantu Ukrainian, ingakumbi, akazange ukubonelela okuzimela. KaYuri Khmelnitsky Kwanyanzeleka ukuba uyaliphika izifundo yokumkani Polish.

Le nyaniso wayengekho ukuya ngokuthanda ukuba inxalenye enkulu abadala kunye Cossacks. Abavuma ukuva, uYuri wanyula ababambeleyo hetman Colonel Somko, apho inkxaso ubukumkani Russian. Phantsi kolawulo Yuriya Hmelnitskogo kuphela ekunene-bank Ukraine. Ngenxa yoko, Little Russia iminyaka engaphezu elikhulu ubudala Kwandile zahlulwe zibe iinxalenye ezimbini: kodonga lasekunene khosi ingqalelo Polish kunye ulawulo Ottoman, kunye ibhanki ekhohlo - amandla tsar Russian.

baphazamiseka ezintsha

Ukuzama kwakhona ulawulo wonke ummandla Ukraine, nokuthembela inkxaso i-Commonwealth, uYuri Khmelnitsky waqalisa Nyathela Left Bank. Okokuqala, ngokomkhethe wadibana ngempumelelo, kodwa emva kokuba ukusekelwa Somko weza ngohlobo eentloko ezaxhobela Russian phantsi ngokomyalelo Boyar Romodanovsky, lo hetman ekunene-bank lahluleka ephehlayo kwi Kanev ihlobo 1662.

Misa umkhosi Russian Khmelnitsky siphethe kuphela umfela ndawonye we iCrimea khan. Ngoko ke uloyiso wayengekho yokufaneleka kwalo. Njengokuba umphathi wabonisa ukusilela ngokupheleleyo uYuri Khmelnitsky, umgaqo wakhe iye yasilela, ubuqaqawuli kayise akaba saba ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka hetman lasekunene-bank. Ngoko ke, ekupheleni kuka-1662 wanyanzelwa ukuba ukuyeka ukubusa egameni Colonel Pavla Teteri, waza waba indela phantsi igama umzalwana wakhe, uGidiyon.

limbo

Kodwa lo nyana kwezigigaba Bogdana Hmelnitskogo wayengekho isiphelo. Paul Teteria waqala ukusola kuye ofuna ukuthatha kwakhona indawo i Hetman kunye Special ngoko entolongweni ngo-1664 eLviv enqabeni. Kuphela emva kokufa Hetman Khmelnytsky ngo-1667, wakhululwa waya endle baza baqalisa ukuhlala neendawo zokwakha monastery.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwibhunga Cossack ngo-1668, uYuri Khmelnitsky ekuqaleni inkxaso kule nkqubo yokuqhelaniswa pro-Turkish le hetman omtsha ekunene-bank Peter Doroshenko, ezazithabathayo nobumi Ottoman, kodwa emva koko waya ecaleni imbangi yakhe Mihaila Hanenko.

Kwelinye amadabi kunye AmaTatar uYuri bambamba kwaye ithunyelwe ku Istanbul. Nangona kunjalo, lo entolongweni Turkish kuba yangaphambili Hetman kakuhle kakhulu.

kwakhona hetman

Emva Peter Doroshenko wala Hetmanate waza waba ngummi Russian, kwacaca mhlophe ukuba kutheni baseTurkey zinyanisekile Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu. Sultan wabona ukuba abe ngumgqatswa lwasemva lwe isithuba Hetman. Eneneni, ngokwembono baseTurkey, oko udalelwe ukuba lo nyana sikhundla melly. Yuriya Hmelnitskogo iimpawu ukuvumela ukuba bathi oku kuya kuba ongumlwelwe ngokupheleleyo ukuba abambele emgceni, nto leyo efunekayo baseTurkey, ngenxa yokuba kuye Kwakunzima ukuba naliphi na inyathelo elizimeleyo.

Ngoko ke, ngo-1876, uYuri kwakhona wamiselwa Hetman, eli xesha yi-Turkish Sultan. Yena inxaxheba kwiphulo nxamnye Turks Chigirin, waza ke wenza isixeko sakhe yokuhlala Nemiroff.

ukubulawa

ukungabinako ukulawula ngokwenene kumazwe Ukrainian, uYuri Khmelnitsky waqalisa ukulungiselela ukwenziwa izifundo zakhe. Ezi ziganeko abazotywe ngayo umfanekiso ombi Yuriya Hmelnitskogo. Ixesha elifutshane ulawulo Hetman yaphela ngo-1681, xa Turks wamthumela komnye iziqithi zaseAegean.

Kukho ithiyori njengako apho uYuri Khmelnitsky Hetman wachongwa baseTurkey once more - ngo-1683. Kodwa waqhubeka olahlwa, njengokuba ngaphambili. Oku bamqumbisa Turkish Pasha, bezise George e Kamenetz-Podolsk, apho baxhonywa ngo-1685.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

ubomi kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo kabuhlungu wahlala kaYuri Khmelnitsky. biography emfutshane ngamnye kuye kwaqwalaselwa yi kuthi. Ndimele ndithi ukuba abaninzi mbali bayavuma ukuba le ndoda obuthathaka-athandileyo bengonwabanga ixesha elide ukuzama limbo. Sinokuthi uYuri Khmelnitsky waye CD of ngabantu bamanye amazwe kwezopolitiko. Oku kuchaphazela psyche yakhe, nto leyo yakhokelela ekuphelisweni kwephakade ubomi kwizifundo isohlwayo ayinasihlahla.

Kwangaxeshanye, simele sithi asikazi kangako malunga iintshukumisa nezenzo lo mntu. Nokuba ngokuphathelele kokufa kwakhe, kukho ukungavumelani phakathi mbali.