Yak-9: iimpawu kunye uthelekiso kunye analogue

Yak-9 - bangamajoni bomber, ukhutshwa yiSoviet Union ukususela 1942 ukuya 1948. It siqulunqwe ngamalungu Tupolev Design Bureau waza waba mlweli inkulu Soviet kwi edabini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Kwiminyaka emithandathu kwimveliso zakhiwa phantse 17,000 iikopi. Namhlanje siza kufunda indlela kubulela iimpawu kule modeli iye yaba nempumelelo kakhulu.

History of the mlweli Yak-9

Lo moya yaba sisiphumo i-Yak-7 langoku lixesha ngakumbi Yak-1. Ngokwembono loyilo, kuba oluphuculiweyo uguqulelo lwe Yak-7. Ngaphandle, i-Yak-9 twatse ezihlangwini yayo, kodwa kungenjalo ube ngogqibeleleyo ngakumbi. Xa ukwenza abathungi moya esebenza phantse amava iminyaka emibini imveliso kunye ukulwa nokuxhatshazwa yemodeli Yak-1. Ukongeza, ngexesha nokudalwa abathungi moya entsha banethuba ukusetyenziswa duralumin ngokubanzi kunokuba ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, xa kushishino yiSoviet sele nokuqhwalela kulo mbandela. Ukusebenzisa duralumin unika kakhulu ukunciphisa isakhiwo abaninzi. iikhilogram Won iinjineli zinokusetyenziswa ukwandisa unikezelo amafutha, ukufakelwa izixhobo ezinamandla ngakumbi okanye izixhobo ezizodwa ezahlukeneyo ngakumbi.

Umlweli Yak-9 umncedi othembekileyo eSoviet Air Force ngexesha Second World War. Ngowe-1944, lo matshini iye yasetyenziswa kwiinguqulelo ezininzi kwaye phambili inani leekopi zonke ababelwa ukuba ngelo xesha kwinkonzo kunye eSoviet Union. Khawufan 'ucinge nje: kule nombolo izityalo naseNovosibirsk 153 ngosuku ukuvelisa 20 le-moya! Ngaphandle yeli shishini, umlweli eveliswa kwifektri Moscow № 82 eOmsk isityalo № 166.

Lo moya wathabatha inxaxheba kuyo yonke imisebenzi eSoviet Air Force, eqalela Idabi Stalingrad. Zonke Iinguqulelo mlweli (kwaye kwakukho eninzi) waba moya egqwesileyo kunye neempawu zobugcisa kwaye inazo naziphi na iziphene zokusebenza ezenza ingozi. Kulo mzekelo, uyilo moya yayilula kwaye lulungiselelwe ukuba imveliso ekhawulezileyo ngexesha lemfazwe. Phantse zonke izixhobo kwimveliso langabom on-site ibandla.

design

Imvelaphi Yak-9 karma wafumana motor M kunye esijijwayo 105PF Vish-61P. Kwase kule modeli wakhonza njengoko Yak-7DI. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi imodeli entsha esuka siphu- zezi: amafutha, kuncitshiswa ukususela 500 ukuya-320 kg; inani lamatanki amafutha, kuncitshiswa ukususela-4 ukuya-2; ubonelelo oyile lehla ukusuka kuma- 50 ukuya kwi-30 kg; ntsimbi zilapha phezulu ukungabikho sazo ukulungiselela iziqhushumbisi zokumiswa lwangaphandle.

Ukusuka kwinqanaba umbono izixhobo, Yak-9 akazange kwahluka engaphambili, omnye ShVAK umpu nemipu enye WCD. Ngenxa kwimigangatho imveliso eliphantsi kolawulo zingqongqo yemveliso lothotho inani lo moya, njengoko kuthelekiswa kukhululwe umntu onamava, imodeli ubunzima flight landile ukuya 2870-2875 kg.

umlweli Soviet Yak-9 eqhuba kakuhle kwaye lula ukusebenza. Xa imfazwe phezu verticals akwazi ukuya nomsila yotshaba Mu-109F ngokoqobo emva kokuba uvule kuqala. Xa imfazwe phezu horizontals ukuba kushenxa efanayo ngokwaneleyo 3-4 amathuba.

Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-1943, ngenxa yokunqongophala kuphuhliso zobugcisa wokwenziwa, iimoto ezininzi ngexesha esemoyeni ayaphula Balucanda oqingqiweyo ka iphiko. iziphene ezo bungaveli njengoko zibakhona ngamaqela ezikhethekileyo iinjineli. Xa imveliso ye iinguqulelo yamva mlweli Yak-9, uphononongo yayo inikwe ngezantsi, ingxaki lupheliswe ngokupheleleyo.

ukulwa operation

Eyokuqala Fighters Yak-9 ziye zasiwa phambili ekupheleni kuka-1942 waza wathabatha inxaxheba kweli dabi Stalingrad. Ngowe-1943, ngethuba zincwadi ubunzima yokuqala, kwafunyaniswa kukho inani ebuntwini sele ziphelisiwe yi amaqela yesondlo phambi Kursk imfazwe - okokuqala, apho abantu abalwa yemodeli lisetyenziswa inani ebalulekileyo. Ekuqaleni edabini Yak-9, ngaphandle Yak-1 Yak-7 isetyenziswa 5 fighter amaqela moya, enye yazo Guards. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 1943 kwi Kursk Velile Lolwana weza 11 Air lweSizwe, olu sapho lwaluquka regiments ezintathu Yak-9.

Nditsho yokuqala emoyeni, kwaye kwacaca ukuba Yak-9 ilawulwa kakuhle kwaye ejika, kodwa isantya kunye kwezikhali ke uyekelwe moya bf 109G noFW 190A.

Version ye-Yak-9t wafumana noludumileyo esemgangathweni phezu isiseko ukusuka kwindawo imbono kwezixhobo. Njengoko amanani abonisa-yak 9 ezichithwa ukoyiswa omnye umlinganiselo utshaba moya projectiles ukuvuleka 20 147 mm, kwaye Yak-9t - 37 of 31-mm projectile. Omnye regiments zokuqala axhobileyo Yak-9t yaba GIAP 133rd. Aircraft, axhobe 37-ezinga- kunaso, ziye zasetyenziswa ngempumelelo, nxamnye notshaba izithuthi vehicles neenqanawa.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-moya mbono mu lupwa yokwenene Yak-9 wabonisa ukuba ukwanda amafutha kwiimeko ezininzi usebenze. amafutha asele zokulinganisa ukuba kunempembelelo embi kwi survivability lo matshini. Ngoko ke iitanki cantilever badla zivalwe iiplagi. Noko ke, kwabakho imfuneko ukwandisa uluhlu ebezityalwe kwi kugqalwe yemfazwe. Ngoko ke, ngoAgasti 1944, iqela of version moya 12 Yak-9DD ephelekwa moya impahla evela eItali eYugoslavia. Ukongeza, i-Yak-9DD beziswe ukuba siphelekwe ekuhlaseleni ngexesha "Frentik" ukusebenza ngo-1944.

Ukususela ngoDisemba 1944 umfuziselo Yak-9B walwa kwi-owuva 130 Fighter Division, elisebenza phantsi Front lweSithathu Byelorussian. A eziphakamileyo Yak-9PD zaye zadluliselwa iingalo iindawo eMoscow VOP. Ngo-Oktobha 1944 wenza bt kwakhe edabini Yak-9U Fighter - wangena inkonzo kunye 163rd Fighter webutho, ezisebenzela eUnited lweBaltic. Lo moya kwabonakala zilwe imodeli elibukhali likuso Yak-9. Kwiinyanga ezimbini zovavanyo, uye inxaxheba amadabi 18, zokudubula phantsi 28 umlweli FW 190A omnye bf 109G. Ngelo xesha kwakukho ababini kuphela elahlekileyo umatshini eSoviet.

Xa IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic ocande kwisigaba sokugqibela, lo mlweli Yak-9, iimpawu ezo lingaphuculwa rhoqo, uye waba ngomnye mlilo eziphambili Soviet. Le isimo ukuba igcinwe kule minyaka yokuqala emva kwemfazwe. NgoSeptemba 1946, xa imodeli moya Yak-9 accounted for 31% ubume waseUSSR moya mbono. Emva kwemfazwe, ulungiso ezahlukahlukeneyo moya ezakusetyenziswa de ekuqalekeni 1960. Ukongeza uMkhosi waseMoyeni kunye Aviation yomkhosi wamanzi waseUSSR, baye esetyenziswa amabutho. Ngehlobo lowe-1943 Yak-9 and Yak-9D wangena inkonzo webutho, French "eNormandy". Ngo September kunyaka olandelayo ukuba watshintshelwa mlweli iqela eBulgaria, inxenye anti-uHitler womanyano. Ekwindla ka-1945 umfuziselo Yak-9m and Yak-9t ezisetyenziswa amandla womoya Polish ePoland Northern Jamani. Ukongeza, lo moya yemodeli emi phezu iingalo, Hungary, Yugoslavia, North Korea kunye Albania Chinese.

Yak-9: Ukucacisa

Inguqulelo esisiseko ye-moya ngowe-1942 waba ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

1. Ubude - 8.5 m.
2. Wing Span - 9,74 m.
3. Wing Area - 17,15 m ^2.
4. Umthwalo ezithile nephiko - 167 kg / m ^2.
5. ubunzima ongenanto-moya - 2277 kg.
6. Thatha-off ubunzima - 2873 kg.
7. Motor amandla - 1180 l. a.
8. Umthwalo ethile amandla - 2.43 kg / l. a.
9. isantya esiphezulu elwandle - 520 km / h.
10. Kwesona santya siphezulu ngokugabadelayo - 599 km / h.
11. Ukuseta ukuphakama-5 km - 5.1 imiz.
12. ixesha ukugoba - 15-17.
13. nophahla Practical - 11.100 m.
14. uluhlu Practical - 875 km.
15. Kwezikhali - 1x20 mm ShVAK, 1h12,7 mm iUBS.

kokulungiswa

Ukutyhubela imbali yayo, i-Yak-9 bafumana inani elikhulu zokuguqulwa. Ukwazi ukuba ilungiswe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo uhlobo kunye noomatshini yokulwa injongo yaba phawu yayo engundoqo. Le ndiza ulungiso-22 ezinkulu, 15 apho baya kuthotho. Ngexesha operation karma ezalisiweyo ngeentlobo ezintlanu ukuqhutywa, amatanki amafutha embodiments ezintandathu lungiselelo, embodiments iingalo ezisixhenxe iintlobo ezimbini izixhobo ezizodwa. Umlweli waba ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokwesiseko nganye kwezinye iintlobo iphiko: ephikisanayo kunye bonke-metal. Zonke iinguqulelo ngaphandle Yak-9 fighter esisiseko, ukuxelwa esiye sele ngazo, yaba index okhethekileyo. Makhe uqhelane kunye iinguqulelo ezisisiseko umlweli kaHomer.

Yak-9D

Ukuguqulwa yahluka landile ukuya-480 eekhilogremu yonikezelo yesibaso. Le nqwelo-moya ifakwe ezine endaweni ezimbini kwamatanki amafutha: ingcambu nababini, nababini console. Ngala manzi, uluhlu yayo flight landile ukuya 1400 km. Ukuguqulwa yaveliswa ukususela ngoMatshi 1943 ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi 1944. Ngeli xesha, i swa wehla iikopi 3068.

Yak-9t

Kule kokulungiswa, inkanunu 20 mm iye indawo umpu 37-mm kunye projectiles iimbumbulu 30. Ngenxa yokuba isixhobo esitsha lide, kwafuneka-moya ukuba wabuyela yi-40 cm. Umfuziselo yaveliswa ukusuka entlakohlaza 1943 ukuya ehlotyeni 1945. iikopi 2748 kuye kwenziwa eli xesha.

Yak-9K

Le nguqulo has umpu 45-millimitha NS-45. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa amandla nempembelelo, candelo 7ts, lo umphanda abafake wagaleleka isicheme. Noko ke, xa zokudubula phezulu kukwazi moya guququ, kwaye unamava Barr. Nabaqambi bacebisa ukuba kutolwe Ungqabhuko elifutshane kuqhume ezintathu. ivolley yesibini Yak-9K waba ezinobunzima 5,53 kg. Kweli xesha ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kuJuni 1944 53 moya le nguqulelo zadalwa. Xa sikhokelo izilingo zomkhosi baqhuba 51 ekulweni, embetha moya-8 moya FW-190A-8 no-4 BF-109G. Kulo mzekelo, ukulahlekelwa yaba karma enye kuphela. -Moya mnye, babeka phezu avareji waba rounds 10 45 mm kunaso. Ngenxa yokungabikho ukuthembeka ngobuninzi izixhobo alukhange yoxhaso.

Yak-9TK

Lo moya le nguqulelo bafumana isakhiwo balomeleza ngayo kwezinye iiyunithi, kwakunye inkqubo emanyeneyo ngompu central ukuyinyusa evumela ukutshintshwa izixhobo entsimini. Umlweli senziwe kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka wama-1943.

Yak-9m

Indiza uphuhliso yemodeli Yak-9D kunye fuselage yemodeli Yak-9t. Ukongeza, le nguqulo has iqela lemisebenzi yokuphucula umgangatho. Kuba iimpawu moya xa ibhabha kwaye abazange kwahluke ngale Yak-9D. Kodwa ekupheleni kuka-1944,-moya useke injini VK-105PF-2 enamandla ngakumbi, apho uye waba isantya kakhulu ngakumbi kwaye izinga kokwenyuka. Yak-9m iye yaba ngomnye iimoto ethandwa kuluhlu imodeli Fighters Yak-9. Amafoto lo moya ingafumana nabani na kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. A imibhalo 4239 zaye zaveliswa.

Yak-9C

Lo moya yakhiwa ngokusekelwe kwi-Yak-9m wathabatha injini enye. Ngokwahlukileyo kwinguqulelo esisiseko yamkelwa, kuquka umpu 23-millimitha NS-23 kunye iperi yolunye 20-millimterovyh imipu BS-20c. Ngenxa yeziphumo enganelisiyo iimvavanyo karhulumente ngo-1945, lo model engazange imveliso serial.

Yak-9DD

Ngowe-1944, umzekelo lakhiwa Tu-2, kuba lokulandela izibonelelo akonelanga nkqu Yak-9D. Ukongeza, eSoviet Union kwakufuneka uluhlu moya, flight leyo kuvumela ukwenza imisebenzi yokulwa ngokudibene ne-moya anti-uHitler womanyano. Imodeli esifanelekileyo yaba Yak-9DD. iitanki yokufaka 8 Iphiko iwanyusile amafutha kwamandla umzekelo ukuya kwi 630 kg. Ukongeza, lezixhobo kunye nonxibelelwano izixhobo iguqulwe kancincane ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko phezu imigama emide kunye neemeko zemozulu esibi.

uluhlu obukhulu Yak-9DD ukubaleka 1800 km. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima yakhe ingxelo ngenxa yale udidi moya - 3390 kg. Ngezikhali mbono waba eqhelekileyo intsapho ka-Yak - kunaso ukuvuleka 20 mm kunye 12.7 mm abanjalo gun. Yak-9DD zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngokubanzi.

Ekupheleni kwehlobo ka-1944 iqela moya-20 baya isiseko namahlakani, ibekwe kufuphi nesixeko Italian of Bari ukwenzela ukuxhasa moya yothutho Su-47, ezisa umthwalo eYugoslavia. Njengenxalenye kwenye lwaqhutywa ubude moya ka-1,300 km, yaye inxalenye engundoqo kumgama wadlula emdeni wabo. Iqela wenze nokuhlasela 150, nto leyo, nangona isilela yokuxubusha moya utshaba, baba kakhulu kunene. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngoxa Su-47 moya indiza ukothula lwenziwa, tracking abalwa singalindela emoyeni ukuba kuthunyelwa umva. Kuba lonke ixesha yokusebenza-moya zange utyikitye ukusilela enye.

Yak-9P

Ngaba kwesimo elifutshane uluhlu, eyahluke ukusuka kuguqulelo esisiseko ye-Yak-9, iimpawu apho kakade, ubukho camera zasemoyeni kweli gumbi free. Esi sixhobo sikuvumela ukuba botola kukho ukuphakama kuyimitha 300 ukuya 3000. Inguqulelo yesibini yale kwako lusekelwe Yak-9D. Kwafuneka nje kuphela izixhobo kwesimo, kodwa yena ngaphezu kokuba iimpawu eziphakamileyo zobugcisa xa iyonke. Yak-9P yaveliswa hi mpimo lowutsongo kwaye esetyenziswa kwiindawo apho ukuhlola ngamanye moya kwakunzima okanye kwi-nengozi enkulu.

I-9B

Umlweli-bomber Yak-9B yakhiwa kwi 9D model isiseko. Kwisithuba ngasemva moya ukuba yafakwa ibhombu bay equka imibhobho ezine, nto leyo ukukhawulelana ezine iponti-100 ibhombu okanye iiteyiphu ezine, nganye 32 anti kuqhunyiswe lonyuselo. Ulingo bomber yaqala ngoMatshi 1944. Ngokutsho iziphumo nokuhlasela, i-Yak-9B wabatshabalalisa amatanki 29, 22 abathwali abasebenzi vehicles, iimoto 1.014, 161 kaloliwe isakhiwo imoto izikhululo-20 g / d, imipu 7, zikaloliwe 18 kunye ekuthelwa kuzo amafutha ezithuthi 4. Xa iyonke, amashishini Soviet zavelisa 109 ezinjalo ekuhlaseleni.

Yak-9PD

Le interceptor nge yinjini-105PD M, supercharger nokwanda ngesiqingatha namaphiko semitha. nophahla Practical olu guqulelo yi-13 100 km. Ngowe-1943, esekelwe kwi-Yak-9 5 ezi zimoto zaveliswa, yaye ngowe-1944, ngokususela Yak-9U - 30.

Yak-9U

Ekupheleni kuka-1943, yayiyilwe yi mlilo ezimbini phantsi isiqu Yak-9U: omnye mayixhotyiswe motor M-107A, kunye nezinye - i-M-105PF-2. Ukongeza, uyilo kunye yokubhabha kwefom isiseko kuye kwaphuculwa. Baxhobe zombini imifanekiso zanikezelwa umpu engundoqo (ukuvuleka-23 mm ngenxa mlweli injini M-105PF-2 kunye bodidi kwe-20 mm yoguqulelo kunye motor M-107A) kunye iperi 12.7 millimterovyh imipu. Iziphumo zovavanyo kwi Air Force Institute, uhlobo kunye yinjini M-107A iqondakele intle ababelwa ukuba avavanywe khona ngonaphakade. Ngo-Apreli 1944, ngobuninzi-moya iye yamiselwa. Ngasekupheleni kowama-1944, ngethuba leenyanga ezimbini kwetyala 18 imilo yabaqhubi wadubula phantsi 27 FW-190A kunye 1 bf-109G. noYaduwa Kwangaxeshanye ezilahlekileyo mlilo ezimbini kuphela. Le Ububi kuphela ezibalulekileyo of the machine isabelo encinane mveliso.

Yak-9UT

Limela Yak-9U ngeengalo ngamandla. Lo moya yafakwa ngemipu ezintathu: a engundoqo-mm 37 mabini 20-mm. Massa imvula yesibini walo mlweli ngelo xesha irekhodi lokuba USSR - 6 kg. Indawo kwi umpu Centre enobunye. Ukongeza isixhobo 45 mm, kwenzeka ukwandisa ubunzima ivolibholi yesibini ukuya 9.3 kg. Ezinye-moya ezahlukeneyo kancinane ukusuka Yak-9U. Iinyanga ezi-3 imveliso lothotho inani kumgca ibandla wemka iikopi 282. A imali encinane ababelwa bakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba iimfazwe yokugqibela imfazwe.

Yak-9 "Express"

Iluphawu moya sothutho, leyo kwiimeko wangaphambili awuthwale umkhweli enye. Le modeli sele uhlobo kudibaniso phakathi distal kunye ukulwa Yak-9DD kunye moya uqeqesho Yak-9B. Kule ndlwana ngasemva, endaweni kwideshbhodi nolawulo zafakelwa ukutyibilika kunye elibele. Lo moya elalenziwe ikopi enye ehlotyeni ka-1944. Kolu thotho, akazange wahamba.

Yak-9P

Inguqulelo zaphuculwa ye-Yak-9U, luphawulwa izixhobo ezininzi mihla kunye nezincedisi. Le modeli lemveliso yaqala ngo-1946 kwaye yaphela ngo-1948. Abangama-801 moya zaveliswa. Yak-9 bexhobe yiSoviet Union, Poland, Hungary, China kunye iYugoslavia.

isiphelo

Namhlanje, siye wajonga moya edume - i-Yak-9, apho photo abaziqhelileyo kubalandeli ezininzi zobugcisa mboni. Nangona ukuba umfuziselo yaveliswa iminyaka emithandathu kuphela ubudala, wayesele malivakale kulo lonke ihlabathi ngokukhusela ngaphezu kweshumi izixeko Soviet kubahlaseli yotshaba. Lo moya zeteknoloji kunye nomtsalane ngaphezu konyaka omnye uya kuba abalandeli zamashishini yezokubhabha njenge lodonga kwi desktop yakho. Yak-9, leyo ekunene ngezandla kubaguqula ibe imipu umoya eligqibeleleyo, libe negalelo elikhulu kwisiphumo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.