Xa ukwenza ladubula ngqi? Ngaba kufuneka ukuba ukugonyelwa nominxano?

Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, esemncinane, wonke umntu kufuneka compulsorily agonywe ngokuchasene kwezifo eziliqela ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo ngqi - (. Lat tetani zeClostridium) Izifo ezosulelayo ezibangelwa betha Igciwane yomzimba womntu ebizwa zeClostridium. Indawo ephambili yale ntsholongwane Umhlaba, ematheni kunye endleni zezilwanyana. Ukuze abantu njengoko beze kuzo zonke iintlobo iingozi ezivulekileyo. Kakade ke, kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantwana kunye nabantu abadala kunokwenzeka ngaphandle umenzakalo ezichaphazela isidima bobabini ulusu kunye inwebu yangaphakathi hayi. Ukuba kwixesha elizayo inxeba iyasuleleka izinto zomhlaba xa kungekho sifo ku ngqi oko kube negalelo kuphuhliso usulelo.

Ukuze ukuba umzimba womntu liqulunqe omzimba ukuba isifo, oko kuyimfuneko ukuqaliswa ugonyo ezithile equlathe neurotoxin kunye nominxano toxoid. Xa ukwenza ladubula uminxano, ezi izinto zikhutshelwa egazini, isebenze amajoni omzimba yaye zivelisa antibodies zokuzikhusela.

lokugonya ingxubevange

ERashiya, uninzi ugonyo abantwana equlathe amacandelo nje ezimbini: tetanus antidiphtheritic. Baya kuba negalelo ekwakhiweni sifo ngqo ezimbini yingozi ukuba izifo zabantu. Eyokuqala ayahlukanga koko lisetyenziswa imixube olunye, owesibini inokuba ngokupheleleyo okanye ephantsi yedosi-. Bezifo iingcebiso kubazali ukuze sicinge ukuba benze ntoni xa kukho isifo ukubola komqala kunye nomntwana nominxano, Shiyiselanani ukuba isitofu sogonyo esiyindibaniselwano. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba imveliso equlathe toxoid epheleleyo ezifanelekileyo kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka esi-7 ubudala, yaye-idosi ephantsi - for kids abadala kunye nabantu abadala.

lokugonya ekude

La machiza asetyenziswa xa ugonyo na ubudala. Kunyanzelekile ukuba kulawulo babo abafazi abakhulelweyo phambi kokuba unikezelo, xa ingazange ukugonyelwa nominxano. Loo umlinganiselo lunciphisa ubungozi zombini koomama lweentsana (usana), ngqi phantse zero. Ukongeza, ii-antibodies ngqi zidluliselwa ukusuka kumama isiya usana, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko umntwana kusulelo zingadlulanga iinyanga ezimbini emva kokuzalwa. Ukususela kwiminyaka emithathu, abantwana yogonyo nxamnye nominxano.

Amaxesha amaninzi abazali abatsha babe nomdla kwindlela ezininzi zokugonya nxamnye nominxano abantwana. Kufuneka wazi ukuba ukuze ukwenza okukwazi ngokupheleleyo usulelo, umntwana ilawulwa amathamo ezintlanu ngqi lokugonya. Abemi Abaselula of Russia, abathathu kubo zibanjwa ngaphantsi kweminyaka kunyaka-1, wesine - kwiminyaka 1.5, kwaye sesihlanu - kwiminyaka 6 okanye 7. Kananjalo revaccination lethu ilizwe Kucetyiswa ukuba abadala, ingakumbi abasetyhini yokuzala, qho emva kweminyaka eli-10. Lo mlinganiselo kunceda ukuqinisekisa omzimba kusuleleko ukuze ubomi.

nokuba gonyo efunekayo?

Igwala ibaluleke kakhulu abaninzi lo mbuzo: "? Ngaba kufuneka ukuba ukugonyelwa nominxano" Esi sifo kuyingozi kakhulu, yaye ngokufuthi kuphelela ekufeni. Ngo-2012, umhlaba ngaphezulu kwama-200 000 amatyala ezo ingxelo, kunye uninzi - wokufa koomama kunye nosana. yoluvo ngqi kuchaphazela komboko luvo ezinokubangela amahlaba kakhulu kunye izishunqulelo kuzo zonke izihlunu zabantu, kuquka ukuphefumla. Kwaba spasm yakhe okubangelwa usuleleko, ebangela isifo esibulalayo kubantu abaninzi.

Ise wagonyelwa pathogen umhlaba adibane inxeba ukungcola ezinokuba yingozi ngokwemiqathango kungcoliseko kunokwenzeka. Ugonyo kunciphisa ezi imingcipheko ubuncinane. Kuyinto efanelekileyo kwabo maqela njengoko kwabantu abadala kunye nomntwana, asebenza kunye aphile contact ngokusisigxina kunye nomhlaba. Bayacelwa abasebenzi kwamashishini ezolimo, abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni abemi abaninzi.

Ngelo xesha, abantu abahlala ezidolophini, ubunzima kungekho ngaphantsi kwe kwabo owayehlala kude kubo. Ngapha koko, ingakumbi abantwana, abawayo lowanyathela ngamadolo yakho okanye iingalo. Abantwana bakholisa ukuba silwe, ukuleqa kunye ngokuqhwaya omnye. Umonakalo ulusu kunye inwebu yangaphakathi ivamile, kwaye ukungcola umzi, umhlaba, uthuli kunye zezilwanyana ilindle unokufumana enxebeni. Ukuba umntu ukuba isitofu sokugonya, kukho amathuba ephezulu yosulelo kuba iintsholongwane ebangela usuleleko, bahlala amanani amakhulu kuzo zombini kumhlaba ezidolophini nasemaphandleni kunye nengozi yokuba wonke umntu ogulayo kuye, kungakhathaliseki bume lokuphumla.

Into ekufuneka uyazile nge ngqi?

Simele sikhumbule ukuba usuleleko kwenzeka ngokulula kakhulu, isifo kunzima, kunye nokwenzeka wokufa phezulu kakhulu. Ukuba emva koko usafuna ixoxa ukuba enze umgama ongangowokutola uminxano, ngoko oogqirha bacebisa ukuba esichengeni impilo yabo kunye nobomi, uze wenze kube enyanzelekileyo.

Kufuneka ngoyaba into yokuba esi sifo kukhokelela ekufeni 10-70% yezigulane, kwaye yokunqongophala konyango lwe ngqi serum kukhokelela ekufeni nge-100% lilonke. Kwakhona musa ukulibala ukuba isigulane bayo ngempumelelo usulelo kwaye wachacha ngokupheleleyo, akukho siqinisekiso sokuba akayi ayosuleleki kwakhona. Ngamanye amazwi, umntu kuphila ngqi kanye unokushenxela kwakhona ukubamba kubo, yaye ukungena olunye iintsholongwane waya ephilayo ongavelisi asinde kulo, njengoko kunjalo kunye namanye izifo.

Ngoko ke, simele sikhumbule ukuba ekuphela kwendlela ukuze zenze omzimba ku ngqi - i ugonyo. Ngaphezu koko kuqinisa okukwazi inani elithile logonyo okwenziwa ngokwe ishedyuli esisigxina. Oku kuya kuvumela abantu ukuba singabinaxhala malunga ingozi yosulelo.

ugonyo lwe abadala

Abantu abaninzi, ngelishwa, andazi nini ukuba ukugonyelwa nominxano kunokuba engozini impilo yabo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ngokutsho amaxwebhu asemthethweni ezisayinwe Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, ugonyo abadala ikhutshwa phandle zonke kweminyaka eli-10, ukuba lo mntu ngaphambili wenza zokugonya. Ngogonyo zaseprayimari ezilawulwa amathamo amabini kudluliswe kwinyanga 1 phakathi kwabo. Emva konyaka wabamba olu gonyo wesithathu, nto leyo kuthathwa kwikhosi epheleleyo. Emva koku, ugonyo ngokutsho ishedyuli ukuba lula ukufumana sifo ku ngqi. Abafundi, amajoni, abasebenzi bokwakha kukhula umva, abembi, kaloliwe, kwakunye nabo bahlala kwimimandla ngemeko olungathandekiyo sendyikitya ngqi kufuneka zigonywe kuyimfuneko.

nokugonywa Emergency

Ukuba iimeko kuvela kungabangela usuleleko, inyanzelekile kwimeko kokuphela seminyaka emi-5 emva kokuba ngogonyo ngokupheleleyo ilungiselelwayo ithamo umbala we lokugonya. Kudidi abo amatyala kuwela uluma, umothuko, frostbite nokutsha, ukuzalwa ikhaya, utyando lwe iphecana wokudla, kwaye izisu engakhuselekanga. Ngophanya nje lweliso, ukuze kubonakale ukuba kwimeko enjalo, ingakumbi emva kokuba ugonyo hayi ugonyo inyanzelekile nxamnye nominxano. Xa ukwenza oko kwenye yezi meko, isigulana sinokuqiniseka ukuba ayikho abagulayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba bayeke ukuqaliswa serum kuyo nayiphi na imeko engenakwenzeka.

ugonyo lwabantwana

Ngaphambili sathetha ngayo ukuba ibe lugonyo umntwana usebenzisa ezintsonkothileyo amalungiselelo immunobiological ikhontenti uminxano, kunye namacandelo pertussis antidiphtheria. Xa kukho indlela ngamandla lo wokugqibela zitofwe kunye iziqulatho ezimbini zokuqala. ikhosi epheleleyo kuquka amathamo ezintlanu ziqhutywa, 4, 5, iinyanga ezi-3 6, iminyaka 1.5 kunye neminyaka 6-7. Emva koko, lo counter Ukwakheka sifo ukuya tetanus kunye nolawulo kuphindwa kuyimfuneko, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngokocwangciso ebekwe yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo ye-Russian Federation. Ubukhulu becala kuliwa eneminyaka engama-14-16.

malunga revaccination

Ngoko akukho imfihlo yokuba emva ulawulo iziyobisi ezithile, ukuvelisa amandla okukwazi ukuya usulelo ethile, ngethamo lokomeleza efunekayo. Yiloo nto ngaphandle, yaye ugonyo nxamnye nominxano. "Xa ukwenza oko ngenxa yokomelezwa novelwano?" - umbuzo ngulo, ushukumisa uninzi lwabantu. Sele ethetha into yokuba umntwana lowo ufake kwi sokugonya ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-3 emva kokuba ekuzalweni ukuya kwiminyaka emi-6 okanye 7. Ukuba yonke ugonyo eynza ikhosi epheleleyo, le khuselo ihlala iminyaka eli-10, emva koko kufuneka kwakhona ugonyo-sele yenziwe. Kuba abantu abadala ngaphambili isitofu sokugonya, umntu ufuna amathamo ezintathu, ezimbini kuzo zibekwe emva kwesithuba 1 Kwathi ngenyanga nganye enye, nabokugqibela - konyaka kamva. Emva koko, kwiminyaka eli-10 kamva kwakhona ifuna ukuqaliswa ichiza. Ukuba awuqinisekanga, xa ufuna ngethamo lokomeleza, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho. Iza kubonelela ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga kuvame kangakanani umgama ongangowokutola uminxano, uze uthi ukuba ukuyenza kwixa elizayo kufuneka.

ukuba zifakwa phi?

Umbuzo obalulekileyo linxiwa zolawulo lokugonya. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ichiza ilawulwa ngokungachanekanga, oko kunokubangela umonakalo ebantwini kukhokelela kungekhona ngemiphumo ezimnandi kakhulu. Khumbula ukuba undoqo logonyo ngempumelelo yenziwa bagonywe ngokufanelekileyo nxamnye nominxano. "Uphi na abadala kunye nabantwana le ugonyo?" - eniyicelayo. Kwindawo yokuqala kufuneka ilawulwe kuphela indawo ephuhliswe kakuhle umaleko kwezihlunu, apho phantse nqatha ongama nesikhumba kakhulu ibhityile. Ukuze abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka-3 kucetyiswa ukusungulwa umphezulu icala ethangeni. Xa abadala, indawo efanelekileyo apho ukuba ukugonyelwa nominxano yi umsipha deltoid ye egxalabeni nomva phantsi kwindawo maliwe. Uyacebiswa ukusungulwa wamachiza izihlunu ezinqeni apho ulalelwe nzulu kakhulu, lo gama amanqatha umaleko ongama yenziwe kakuhle. Kulo mzekelo, kukho umngcipheko injecting iziyobisi hayi intramuscularly kwaye kwesikhumba. Khumbula ukuba apho enze umgama ongangowokutola ngqi evela, kuxhomekeke kungekuphela kukhuselo kumajoni omzimba kusulelo, kodwa kwimpilo yoluntu jikelele.

Points zogonyo

Isitofu sokugonya unako eziza kuqaliswa kuloo ekliniki endaweni ahlala kuyo okanye umsebenzi kwi Izinto zonyango yokubelekisa okanye amaziko onyango ngokukodwa nogonyo. Ngamnye kubo uvumelekile ukuba asebenzise kuphela iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni evunyiweyo ukuqaliswa kwe-Russian Federation. Ukusombulula nayiphi na kula maziko, isigulana xa esenza umgama ongangowokutola ngqi unokuqiniseka ukuba lesitofu sokugonya, yaqulunqwa yonke imigangatho yococeko ye-Russian Federation.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni emva kokuba isitofu?

Emva iinkqubo zogonyo abantu kunokukhokelela eqhelekileyo yokuphila kwakhe, yaye iindlela ophendula ugonyo athile, ezifana intlungu ingalo, ukuba bomvu, ukudumba, induration, ikwanjalo nentlama, okanye ukusekwa ngaphandle ebangela nawuphi na umonakalo emzimbeni nokudlulisela ngokwabo. Ingxaki enkulu kuphela kubekho ukunyuka kweqondo lobushushu. Kuyafuneka ukuba phantsi, kwaye ukuba ngaba ukuncipha kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa, kufuneka udibane nogqirha xa fever elide akazalani lokugonya. Amanye amalungu Isitofu somgada sikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo yaye kungekho ndlela eyenza isingqisho yobomi. Noko ke kucetyiswa ukuba iintsuku 2-3 ukuba umanzi inaliti, kwakunye phindo bonke ezi zilandelayo:

• eyanele utywala;
• kwezemidlalo esebenzayo;
• siqubha echibini;
• maqula ozibonileyo ama.

Emva kogonyo, ubonisa ukutya eliqhelekileyo kunye inqanaba eliphezulu lokusebenzisa lolwelo oluhle yaye ubuncinane umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni.

ukungaphili

Ugonyo kunqabile kukhokelela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iintsimbi, oko kukuthi ukuphazamiseka elide kunye kakhulu. Xa abantu bagonyelwe nominxano kufuneka ilungiswe ngenxa yokuba ukuze babe i anaphylactic athuke, urticaria, angioedema, irhashalala, umsebenzi axhuzule, dermatitis, pharyngitis kunye iphika, nokuthimliswa, kwakunye reactions postprivivochnye krakra: ukurhawuzelela olunzulu kwisiza inaliti, ukubila, urhudo kunye dysbiosis emathunjini. Noko ke, iimeko ezinjalo zinqabile.

Izimo

Ngenxa reactogenicity ephantsi zokugonya ngqi ifana akukho zithintelo ekuyilweni. Bona contraindicated kuphela abo bangazange babe nawo komzimba okanye umonakalo luvo emva inaliti yokugqibela. Bonke abanye nje okwethutyana: ke amaxesha ukuphinda nasiphi na izifo, kuqukwa umkhuhlane, izifo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla; exacerbation of ziyabagulisa diathesis okanye onokhwekhwe; immunodeficiency; phambi lobushushu eliphezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba emva kokuba urhulumente eqhelekileyo kuyafuneka ukuba olu gonyo. Kakade ke, ngaphambi kokuba kuyimfuneko ukuba udibane nogqirha abaya kukuxelela kanye xa kufuneka agonywe.

Abo nangoku zixoxe phezu nokuba ukuba ukugonyelwa nominxano, singatsho ukuba lo ngumlinganiselo mandatory zifo umntu ngamnye, kwaye ngexesha lokwenza ngenaliti ukunceda ukulondoloza ubomi kunye nempilo yabo zakho zombini ubathandayo.