UThallus ... Uhlobo kunye neentlobo ze thallus

I-Algae ne-lichen ayinayo impawu ezininzi ezifanayo. Kodwa oku kuqale ukujonga. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yindlela umzimba wabo ulungiselelwe ngayo - i-thallus.

Iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezininzi

Kubonakala ngathi, yintoni eyahlukana nezinto eziphilayo, ezenziwe ngamaseli athile okanye ngaphezulu? Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu, umzimba wabo unokuba nesakhiwo esahlukileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwizityalo eziphezulu, iiseli ezifanayo kwisakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi zihlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze zenze izicubu. Ngamnye wabo unempawu zakhe zakhiwo, ezihambelana kakhulu nemisebenzi eyenziwa. Ngokomzekelo, iqela lezityalo lenziwe ngumntu ongenanto, ukugcinwa okuyisiseko kunye ne-photosynthetic, izicubu zokuqhuba kunye nezomatshini.

Kodwa i-volvox yomzimba nayo yenziwa yimininzi yamaseli. Nangona kunjalo, elowo usebenza ngokuhlukileyo. Ezi iiseli azizodwa. Zizungezwe iigobolondo eziqhelekileyo, zenze iikholoni.

Yintoni i-thallus

UThallus isakhiwo esiluquke neeninzi zeeseli. Zifana nesakhiwo, kwaye nganye isebenza njengezinto ezihlukeneyo. Amaseli e-Talloma afanelana ngokumelana komnye nomnye, ngoko ke ukubukeka kwintsebenziswano kubangela ukubonakala kwendalo eyenziwa ngamathambo kunye namalungu. Enyanisweni, ezi zakhiwo zimele kuphela izityalo eziphezulu, ezinezakhiwo zokwakha izityalo.

Iintlobo ze-thalli

I-Thallus, i-thallus, i-thallus yilawo onke amagama omzimba wezityalo eziqukethe iiseli ezifanayo. Zihluke kakhulu. Iithayibhile ezikhohlakeleyo zihlanganyela kwindiza enye. Zimele enye okanye eminye imiqolo yeeseli. Izakhiwo ezifanayo zifana ne-cyanobacteria kunye neendawo ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-algae-eluhlaza, obomdaka kunye ne-ochrophite. Ukuba umntu udibanisa kunye, ithallus yamathambo amanga. Kunzima kakhulu kwaye kubonakala kubameli be-brown algae. Kodwa i-fungi edlalwa rhoqo yi-mycelial thalli. Ziqukethe iintambo ezihlukeneyo-hyphae. Iifom zazo zonke izityalo eziqhamo zefungi. I-thaastus efana ne-yeast iqulethwe ngamaseli ngamnye okanye iintambo zabo zokubola. Esi sakhiwo sinquma ukukwazi ukuhluma.

Kukho ne-single-celled thalli. Ngoko izazinzulu zibiza i-monadic okanye i-flagellate iiseli zoospores of algae kunye neeseli zesini zezilwanyana. Amoeboid thalli zisasazwa ngokubanzi kwimvelo. Eli qela liquka iiseli zamacandelo athile algae anakho ukwenza i-pseudopodia okanye i-pseudopods.

Ziziphi iilwanyana ezine-thallus

Njengoko uyakubona, isakhiwo se-tallom sisigxina kuphela sabameli abathile bezilwanyana zasendle. Ezi ziquka zonke iinxalenye ze-algae, i-lichens ne-fungi.

I-thallus nayo inesityalo esiphezulu se-spore kwisigaba sokuhluma. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-fern ibukeka njengeplani encinci, apho iiseli zesini zikhula ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Xa zidibanisa, i-zygote yenziwa - iqanda elichumayo. Ukusuka kuyo, isityalo esiluhlaza-kunye-stem siphula, esiyizizukulwana ze-asexual zezityalo ezinjenge-fern.

I-Thallus yefungi, i-algae kunye ne-lichen ibonakaliswe ngumgangatho ngamnye wombutho kunye nokusebenza. Masiqwalasele ngamnye ngamnye ngeenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

IThallus of algae

I-Algae yizona zityalo zokuqala emhlabeni. Ukuxutywa emanzini, abayidingi iifom zangempela. Ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo zendalo, zisasazwa kwiMhlaba kwaye zininzi ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Ukongeza kwi-thallus, i-algae inesinye isakhiwo se-multicellular. Ezi zi-rhizoids, zizalisekisa ngokukodwa umsebenzi weengcambu, kodwa zingenzi izicubu. Umzimba oqhelekileyo kunye nesakhiwo esinjalo i-laminaria - thalli, ukuphononongwa kunye nencazelo eyaziwayo kubo bonke. Ubomi bemihla ngemihla, eli li-algae libizwa ngokuba li-sea kale kwaye lidliwa ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezixabisekileyo.

Iintlobo ze-thallus lichens

Ezi zidalwa zindebe ziyingxaki ekhethekileyo yefungi kunye ne-blue algae. Isakhiwo se-thallus ye-lichen simelelwa yi-hyphae ehlukeneyo, phakathi kwee-cells ezihlakazekile ze-cyanobacterial cells. Iifom zefreyimu ezingentla naphantsi kwelo lwakhiwo. Olu luhlu oluninzi lwe hyphae yefungi. Ngokuxhomekeka kwimilo ye-thallus lichens i-leafy, i-scaly okanye i-bushy. Kwaye olu hlobo lusetyenziswa ngokulula ngokujonga iso. Ngaloo ndlela, i- lichens i-scale i-crusts edibanisa ngokubanzi kunye ne-substrate. Ngokuqhelekileyo zihlala zikhula ematyeni okanye ematyeni. I-lichens e-laafy ine-lamellar body nge-edge yevy. I-thallus yabo ifakwe kwi-substrate, enokuthi ibe ngumthi, amatye okanye umhlaba, ngoncedo lomlenze omfutshane. Iingqumbo eziqhekezayo zivame ukuba zihambele i-thalli. Bangakwazi ukukhula bobabini emhlabathini, namasebe emithi emikhulu kunye nesiseko somthi. Ukubala i-lichens kuyahluke kakhulu: kumhlophe, kuluphuzi, kuluhlaza kwaye kumnyama.

Iinkalo zobomi bomsebenzi

I-thallus ngokuyinhloko ngumzimba wezityalo eziphilayo ezenza inkqubo yokuvelisa i-asexual. Kwiintlobo ezininzi ze-algae kukho inkqubo yokutshintshwa kwezizukulwana. Kwaye i-sporophyte iyaqhubeka kwimjikelezo wayo wobomi. Esi sizukulwana, esiyandisa ngokuhlengahlengisa iiseli kunye nokuhlula iingxenye ze-thallus. Isondlo se-thallus yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwimimandla yesakhiwo sabo. Ngokomzekelo, i-lichen hyphae fungi inamathela amanzi kunye nezondlo ezityumkileyo ezisuka emhlabeni, kunye neeseli ze-cyanobacteria ziyakwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesis. I-algae nazo iipotrophe. Kodwa i-fungi iqhuba umthamo wondlo kuphela, uyamlisela amanzi nge hyphae.

Ixabiso le thallus

Izinto ezikhethiweyo zakhiwo ze-thallus zenza abanikazi bayo banokuzithoba kwaye zixhaphake izinto ezihlala ziphethe iimpawu ezixabisekileyo. Umzekelo, i-kelp. UThallus, ukuphononongwa kwawo kwaziwa kuwo wonke umntu, ziyimpawu ezixabisekileyo zamakhowe, kunye ne-thalli ye-lichens. Ziyimvelaphi yokutya ezininzi zeentlobo zezilwanyana kunye nabantu, kuba zizityebi kwiiprotheni kunye nezinto ezilandelelanayo. Kukho uluvo lokuba kwanemana yezulu, uSomandla ayithumele kubantu, ayikho enye yeentlobo zeengqungquthela.

Umsebenzi oyintloko wesi sakhiwo kwizinto eziphilayo ukuvelisa izityalo. Icandelo ngalinye le-thallus liyakwazi ukwahlukana, ukuvelisa izilwanyana ezincinci. Ngosizo lwe-thallus, inkqubo yokutya isenzeka. I-thalli ye-algae ne-lichens ibonelela ngezinto eziphilayo ezenziwe ngexesha le-photosynthesis. Baya kubabalulekileyo ababoneleli be-oxygen emhlabeni. I-Hyphae yefungi iyakwazi ukungena ngokubambisana kunye neengcambu zemithi, ebizwa ngokuthi i-mycorrhiza. Imizekelo ebomvu yezinto ezinjalo ziyi-poderezovik kunye ne-podsinovik. Inyaniso eyamangalisa kukuba isityalo kunye ne-mycorrhizas sithola amaninzi ngamanzi ngaphezulu komhlaba ngaphandle komthi omnye ngaphandle kwayo.

Ngoko, i-thallus isakhiwo esenza umzimba we-algae, i-fungus kunye nama-lichens. Iqulethwe ngamaseli ngamnye kwaye ayenzi iifom ekhethekileyo. Ngako oko, umzimba wezinto eziphilayo awuhlulelwanga ngamalungu ahlukeneyo. Ngolunye uhlangothi, i-rhizoids ayisebenzi njengengcambu, ayenzi izicubu, kunye ne-thallus yefungi iyenziwa ngama-filaments ahlukeneyo-hyphae. Umsebenzi oyintloko we-thallus uveliso lwe-asexual kunye nesondlo sezinto eziphilayo.