"YaseYurophu" - hovercraft. elakhiwe Small 12322 project hovercraft

Marine - uhlobo olulodwa amajoni. Kufuneka enze ukufika kwiindawo ezingalungiselelwanga zonxweme, apho kungekho mntu ulindile. Izinto eziqinisekisa loyiso, uluhlu olude. Oku akumangalisi, isantya zokuhanjiswa ukuya kwindawo kokwehla, banyebeleza kunye nokukwazi ukufumana inkxaso umlilo enamandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukufika lwenziwa kusetyenziswa iinqanawa ebikhona, baxhotyiswa ezithambekileyo okanye usebenzisa yezandla abangabancedani. Kodwa Russian afohlela abe iindlela zobugcisa, ecingisisiweyo nayiphi na umkhosi ehlabathini. iinqanawa project "Zubr" akanako nje ukwenza ngeenyawo, kodwa ukuhamba phezu komhlaba, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lomhlaba, uqhuba lo gama umlilo kwaye ukusasaza panic phakathi utshaba.

Yemifuniselo yokuqala

Imfihlo isantya kwaye bonke-namageduka zibonwe kweyoqobo indlela yothutho. Ophephela ezinamandla ukudala ezantsi isitya overpressure, kwaye ayaqina ubude kwangaphambili. Le mbono yavela kwi eko kade, iSoviet injineli Levkova, owayesebenza Novocherkassk zalapho. Bakha indiza, ogama emva umbhali kweprojekthi "Levkov-1" (N-1), kodwa, nangona themba ezicacileyo, weza, "kungekhona enkundleni." Embindini kwesiqingatha sesibini banesifo ugxininiso kunokuba olungokuveza zemveli bokulwa, kunye imbewu baba phakathi "mahashe" yaye "zidlula." Kala umbono omuhle ukuba akukho mntu. Umsebenzi Wajika, wandikhumbula kubo kuphela 50, xa ingqondo yiSoviet bafunda lophuhliso yasentshona efanayo.

Design "Diamond" Bureau wathuma nokudalwa kokwehla wobugcisa okhethekileyo. iinqanawa yeetoni (Zempi, cruisers) ngoko isikwe ezilahliweyo otyhidiweyo, kunye zobunkokeli lizwe ebusweni Khrushchev wakuthanda yoyilo ezingaqhelekanga, revolution kunye kumnandi. Naye ninjalo ke owamazibulo "Almaz" - "Ithambeka" i ngokuncedisana emanzini izikhephe bayishiya esemkhumbini kunye gqira yokuqala. Phambi cocking inqanawa Marine unikwe ukuya kwindawo ukugaleleka kunye ngesantya Uloliwe (90 km / h). A umzukulwana ngqo lo mqondiso yeteknoloji "Zubr" hovercraft.

concepts Alternative of kokufika

Nesithuthi isisu semoto ezinamavili okanye lokhozi, inga siwa live kanye boyise imiqobo enzima, kodwa imiqobo eziphakamileyo uluhlu ulinganiselwe. Kukho hardware vehicles apho iflowuthi, kodwa umgangatho yazo yokuthumela idla ne Ingqiqo "nqanawa", bona kade-asli bengenamsebenzi noko phambi komnyango ukuya elunxwemeni. Kukho iinqanawa, injongo ekhethekileyo, ngenxa yokuthwala kokwehla, njengenxalenye ongayi kuba izithuthi eziliqela vehicles kwezoshishino kwanababoneleli bemfundo. Ezi imikhonjana nam neengxaki, zihlale zisengozini ngenxa olucothayo uyahamba ngokuphumelela intsebenzo yokulwa imisebenzi imfuneko afanelekile yebhanki. Kuphela 14% Zonke iilwandle ezifanelekileyo igqampe ne-MDC (shunqulelo ithetha kwendiza inqanawa elincinane) uhlobo kwamanzi ngokusondeleyo isondela nokuvula ithambeka.

Kukho nenye ingqiqo eyenziwe kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Le yokuwela ikhoyo. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba inqanawa ephambili kude ukusuka elunxwemeni, nokusiwa izithuthi vehicles olwenziwe izikhephe ezincinane ezizodwa esingazihambeliyo. Kuyinto ukulungele ukuba uvuza iklasi ihelikopta enjalo "Mistral". Etyalwe ngale ndlela ungakwazi, Kakade ke, kuphela ngokupheleleyo ilizwe igunya, umoya namanzi. Kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwanempi ukuba iqela uye esiphumelelayo kusetyenziswa Kulwa (unxweme zokhuselo iinkqubo, umzekelo), kulula ukucinga. Yena ukuba abe ukutya iintlanzi.

Yindawo le ekwafikela wezandla "Zubr" liphilile, akahlali kunxweme, firepower yayo ngokwayo isoyikiso zokuzikhusela kotshaba. Ngokwesiqhelo, kuza oyinto esebenzisa kokwehla. Kunokuba ukulungiselela 78 pesenti yomda zaselwandle kunye ulwandle yehlabathi.

izindlu

Ulwakhiwo lwamaziko eziphuhlileyo ukugaleleka zaselwandle ehlabathini olusekelwe kwimveliso kunye nophando isiseko, wadala CB "Almaz". Kule minyaka le Abakhi eSoviet baba namava yokwakhiwa hovercrafts ( "squid", "Ithambeka" kunye nezinye iiprojekthi kokwehla wobugcisa). KVP abonakale "Adelia" (Inombolo yeprojekthi 12321) kakhulu yimpumelelo. uphuhliso yayo elandelayo ukuze ikhowudi 12322 "Zubr". ukwakhiwa amangalele kwezindlu Main amiliswe njenge isikhitshane yoxande (57,3 L x 25,6 W x 21,9 H, m), apho imvelaphi inyuselwa khona superstructure, yena, yahlulwe kwiindawo ezintathu longitudinally ojolise. Ngu zokusebenza isithuba impahla engundoqo emacaleni apho kukho iiyunithi amandla, indawo yabasebenzi kunye neeyunithi ihanjiswa, iinkqubo zokhuseleko, ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi obalulekileyo (kubandakanywa kwimeko nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi). abasebenzi Room kunye kokwehla neenkqubo baxhotyiswa umoya-moya, umoya, ukufudumeza, ingxolo, kwaye zigqunyiwe. Kukho amaziko ukuze izidlo.

Umzimba wenziwe zobugcisa nge welding, imathiriyeli - ephezulu-amandla nonmagnetic aluminiyam-wemagniziyam ingxubevange yokunganyangeki high umhlwa.

Ingcamango we-layout bobabo ukuba umyili oyintloko yeprojekthi Koronatova GD

Ingxenye zombane

actuators ulawule - kwakungelula. iinqanawa Russian eziqhelekileyo iindidi iqhutywa injini injini, ngaphandle ngwenya, izikrufu ezo zilayishwe kwi Iimoto zombane. inkqubo amandla MDC "I Bison" khonukuze lula kwi umgaqo efanayo kweenkqubo zolawulo. Inqanawa awayehamba ukuyinciphisa air akukho lula ukugcina ubude kwangaphambili ngaphezu kwamanzi, oku kufuna amandla amaninzi. Velisani amandla lwazo, zibe ngambini kuzo ngokusekelwe stokilovattny yegesi generator (kukho kwakhona ezimbini) nganye ixabisa. Umthamo iyonke uhlobo amandla M35, eziveliswa RPC "Dawn - Mashproekt" ngu amawaka 50 enjini. Care alimwi NB-5 (warhead electromechanical) kukho ukusasazwa iibhodi eziphambili (MDF). Management wenziwa ukude ukusuka SERS (post umyalelo omkhulu), uninzi imisebenzi iqhutywa automated ukwenzela ukuphucula ergonomics. Kwisikimu kubakho zidlala kude.

ezihamba ngomoya

Gcina nqanawa enzima (ukubana walo iitoni 555) ubude onikiweyo kwakhona kunzima, oko kukuthi, emva koko, kungekhona ntaka. Le airbag phantsi igobhogobho kudala chetyrehlepestnyh ezine isitofu Screw sangqa 25 000 mm, baxhotyiswa kunye nolawulo inyathelo ngenkani. Kunye injini yombane yeyunithi nganye ekubhobhozeni (DK-10). intshukumo oxwesileyo iveliswa ngumgaqo glissernomu. Eliqhubela kokwehla yobugcisa umoya ababetheki "Zubr" ezintathu nenjini kunye iincakuba adjustable rotary kunye amathuba umva ububanzi of 55.000 mm, ekhwele phezu ijikazi kulotywe Polymer edityanisiweyo, ukunciphisa ingxolo. Ngezi inqwelo-okukhawulezayo kwirekhodi-90 km / h, kunye notshintsho umlinganiselo lugxile ngamnye kubo ikuvumela ukuba zobuqili ngempumelelo.

umda kwabadla

Ukuze avulele umoya akashiywa emacaleni, yaye "basebenza" ngokubamba isitya emikhulu kwi clearance elinikiweyo, ngaphandle sisekelo ezakhayo. Basimisela ebiyelweyo bhetyebhetye, ezenziwe inkqubo yomtshato. Le yomfumani guquka, kwakuxhomekeke izinto ezahlulwe keels ezimbini crosswise, ezinqamlezayo kunye longitudinal. Konke oku na inkqubo lula ikuvumela ukuba ngokunqabisekileyo "ukuthembela 'emoyeni zixinaniswe na umatshini enjalo, njengoko" Bison. " Hovercraft ukuphumla okanye ubheka kude uxinzelelo ukhetha ubunzima yayo, yaphakama, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukoyisa izitenxo ezisemagqagaleni, ewela emhlabeni xa ixesha lokwenza indiza ukothula izixhobo zomkhosi. Ngokuba kuye, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni na uhlobo phezu kwamanzi okanye ilizwe, imvakalelo lebanga ubanzi ngokwaneleyo, yaye ubuchule 'gaqa "ngaphaya namanxweme izahlule kwezinye wobugcisa elakhiwe yayixhaphakile yaye eqhelekileyo.

umthamo

Yindawo le ekwafikela craft air ababetheki "Zubr" esihlokweni ngokupheleleyo ngokuthozama obizwa ngokuba "ezincinane". Unako kumhlangula neencopho bommandla wonxweme "kuphela" nomkhosi imishini of uMarines izithuthi ezilishumi vehicles kunye nabasebenza kuzo. Enyanisweni, ubukhulu kunye nomthamo iklasi KVP Ndikulinganise ngaye. On amathuba ukufika siyafana kanye ingcamango "avareji nqanawa kokwehla" (ukuya komkhulu, nangoku akuthethi kuthi), ukuba athathe kwiwotshi ngokohlobo inqanawa kwamanzi eqhelekileyo eza kunye nokuvula kwiziphambuka esesiphelweni elunxwemeni. Njengoko kuboniswe yi kwiimfundiso "West-2009", eneneni otyalwe kunye MDKVP "Zubr" lingaba iinketho zilandelayo iiyunithi umkhosi:

- ezintathu T-80 (T-90) anobunzima ukuya neetoni ezili-150;

- BMP 8 (115 iitoni);

- APCs 10 dibanisa 140 afohlela;

- ezisibhozo lencopho amatanki ukukhanya.

Kokwehla ise kwizikhewu ezine yabasebenzi ngabantu 140 ngalinye. Kunokwenzeka ukhetho unikezelo yokukhokhela kuphela, hayi izixhobo, kulo mzekelo, kusekho izihlalo 366 kunye nenani elipheleleyo servicemen abayityalayo landile ukuya kwamakhulu amahlanu. Oku kube yimfuneko ukuba kwavela imfuneko kwi wezifundo, kodwa bequbha unyamezelo liyancipha iiyure eziliqela. Marine - abantu efanayo, kufuneka batye yaye baphumle, kwaye iimeko ayonto bekhululekile kwi emboniselweni imithwalo.

Kuba lihlala ngqo ke emasangweni ngeempumlo, okuntlandlo-phantsi kwaye zenza i kwiziphambuka ufikelelo, lihlale phantsi emhlabeni.

izikhali

yobugcisa wathola "Zubr" - nje indlela yonikezelo kwabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo ukuya kunxweme ezinzima lutshaba, yena uyakwazi ukubeka enomjukujelwa kunye zokudubula zoqhanqalazo ku ukucinezela kuzinziswa ukunganyangeki utshaba kunokwenzeka, ukubonelela ngenkxaso umlilo uvikele kuhlaselo kwenzeka moya yotshaba. Ngaphandle kwezi combat ubunakho njengoko umatshini kupheleleyo emehlweni abasebenzi yasemkhosini kuhlala i "emkhumbini" elula, ngisho fast and yalwa.

Nantsi isethi "izixhobo 'ukuqinisekisa ukuba firepower eyimfuneko lixhotyiswe" Zubr ". Hovercraft bexhobe:

- izindululi ezimbini enomjukujelwa "Umlilo"-A 22, ukudubula engakhokelwa imijukujelwa ukuvuleka 140,3 mm.

- izilungiselelo ezimbini oluzenzekelayo AK-630 30 mm ukuvuleka kunye neembumbulu ngo namawaka amathathu kweqokobhe.

- Eight iinkqubo enomjukujelwa anti-moya "Igla" (abaqhubi ngamanye amaxesha angaphandle usebenzisa i US "Stingers").

On ibhodi kukho into isethi REB "slabbing 'sivumele kunokuthintela umsebenzi lonxibelelwano utshaba kunye neenkqubo ubhaqo.

Ukongezelela, "Bison" unako ukubeka ezimayini neembumbulu lamaqhosha-20. Ixesha Ufakelo lininzi - iyure-1 nemizuzu engama-20.

Kakade ke, ngaphambi kokuba akuthethi kuthi le nqanawa Cruiser, kodwa kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba imfazwe mihla kuphela akayi kufuneka zenze, weenqanawa, yaye umoya, kwaye xa kukho imfuneko - nenkxaso tactically-enomjukujelwa uya kunikwa kuye.

savulwa american

neenqanawa emanzini, kwakudada phezu kwamanzi, yaye ziqulathe kwinkonzo ye-US Army. igama yabo esemthethweni - LCAC (Landing Craft Air ababetheki), ukuba enzelwe injongo enye njenge "Bison." isampuli Layout transoceanic kwahlukile analog bokwakha eSoviet, ezifana superstructure ongekhoyo, kodwa kukho isikhitshane sinendawo ummandla obiyelweyo 182 macala onke. m, apho ibekwe izixhobo kunye anokuvela ukuba indiza. LCAC lingenabukhazikhazi kakhulu ngakumbi, "Bison" kwaye ubukhulu kunye namandla mveliso (16 amawaka. Hp). Ubude bayo laliziimitha-27, ububanzi -. 14 m ukusetyenziswa yezibaso, Noko ke, rolls, iyure enye, elinamanci asixhenxe eelitha zamafutha combusted. Kwenqanawa ubunzima 170 tonnes. Oshukunyiswa oko glisserno ngezikhonkwane ezimbini enobubanzi-70 cm ukuya kwi-3 m ngokuyityhala phambili okanye ngasemva. isantya esiphezulu liphantse iyafana naleyo "Zubr" isitya Project. iinjini ezongeziweyo zisetyenziselwa lokujika. Intonga kokususa uyayinikwa ophephela ezine ngqo phantsi. Ubunzima kulo payload - 70 tons.

Ezama zokwakha, iinjineli American baye bagqiba ukwenza ngaphandle wokongeza i-ons kunye nezibonelelo zabasebenzi, nto leyo idala ingozi yokuba yakuhlamba phezu icala - kumgangatho ngesantya kuba njengeendawo ezibuthelezi evela batshizwe emanzini.

ngezikhali watercraft ayihambi.

Ukushwankathela yonke idatha yamacebo zobugcisa the American ebikhona yobugcisa air ababetheki kakhulu, oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba yokulwa wayo amandla obuphantsi kumgangatho "Zubr" malunga izihlandlo ezithathu. Marine kwibhodi kokuba athathe akukho ngaphezulu kwe-170 xa kungekho izixhobo zomkhosi sizilungiselela. ifanelwe ingqalelo Kodwa lo matshini, kodwa akhuphisane kwakhe imodeli yiSoviet uphuhliso akukho akukho DKVP Western.

olawula iintlobo inqanawa San Antonio kunye Bukanomeva ufuna uqeqesho esinzulu gqitha, akukho lula ukulufunda. Ezi nqanawa zisekelwe kwi-US kuphela Naval kuyo e Virginia.

usele kangakanani, "Bison"?

Ekubeni zonke iingenelo le ndlovu emangalisayo kushishino wokhuselo eSoviet singeke sikwazi kodwa ukongeza kwi Umphanda ezukileyo yobusi, leyo, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, akandifanele kwabayili yayo, kunye asiphe tar. Ngexesha ekuweni yiSoviet Union njengenxalenye zithuthi Sea abamnyama kuqukwa iiyunithi ezisibhozo DKVP "Zubr". Le isicima leenqanawa njengayo yahlulwa ezinomkhethe, kodwa abazalwana: Russia wavuka ezintlanu (phakathi kwabo - kwase yokuqala, mayingabi sakhululwa ingqalelo), kunye Ukraine - izitya ezithathu ( "Kramatorsk", "Artemivsk" yaye "Horlivka"). ilwela acaphuke ubulungisa jikelele angafanele ngayo. azizange ezidingekayo Ukrainian Navy, kunye nabo "Bison", abe ukuba abagcine ukufumanisa ukuba ibe ngaphaya kwamandla lwabiwo-mali emkhosini. Ukongeza, e Feodosia zagqitywa iinqanawa ezimbini, enye yazo ayiphumelelanga ukugqibezela. Kwakhona, oko kulungile ukuqaphela ukuba izithuthi Russian nayo yayalela "Bison" hayi indlela yabo engcono. Xa Greece (lizwe - ilungu NATO) wavakalisa umnqweno ukuthenga iinqanawa esikhethekileyo, Ukraine naseRashiya wathenga iperi lamaqhosha. Le kwathengwa indawo.

Emva koko, amacandelo amathathu asele zaye zacinywa njengoko engenamsebenzi ukusuka Naval Forces of Ukraine, kunye, mhlawumbi, isikwe ngeentsimbi ezindala, kuba imfuno yona uhlala khona.

Ngoko, kwi "Inyathi" japan ukusuka kwanamaGrike kakhulu, baninzi kangangesine. Russian lwaphela linamacandelo amabini, ngoxa China - elinye shipyards gqitywanga Ukrainian. Hi ndlela leyi, e China sihlelwe ukwakhiwa iikopi ezine. Ukrainian iingcali ibe seyinike uncedo kunye nobugcisa namaxwebhu.

Ngenxa intuthuzelo, singatsho ukuba ukusetyenziswa kulwa "Bison" kwi ungquzulwano Georgian-kwiAbkhaz de kwaba ezizodwa kunye nempumelelo. Iinkcukacha zemisebenzi zomkhosi kunye nxaxheba lwabo uluntu ayaziwa.