Imisebenzi koMkomishinala zamaLungelo abaNtwana kwi Russian Federation

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, kaninzi abantwana babe ngamaxhoba ngezenzeko zentlalo, okungekho sikweni, ukuziphatha kwawo kakubi abadala, ubundlobongela kunye nenkohlakalo. imiba efana ingqalelo eyodwa, hayi kuphela eRashiya kodwa ehlabathini lonke. Kwihlabathi jikelele kwakhiwa yindlela ozimeleyo ezongezelelweyo ngokusebenzisa apho eziphambili kunye nokhuseleko kubo bonke abantwana ngokubanzi nezincinane ngamnye ekujoliswe ngabanye.

amaziko Formation ebuntwaneni

ERashiya, ingxaki yobuntwana abe phambili kumgaqo kawonke-wonke. Emva kokuba Ukuphunyezwa kweNkomfa International, eli lizwe lamkele inani izibophelelo. Umalunga nokubonelelwa iimeko zokuphila ezisemgangathweni kunye nophuhliso lwabantwana. Formation kwenkqubo ezikhethekileyo ukukhusela umdla abantwana, kuquka ukuphuculwa engaphezulu yamagosa asebupoliseni iindawo ODN, uNozikhalazo kunye namanye amaziko uye waba ngomnye wemisebenzi ephambili kwinkqubo-nkqubo demographic karhulumente. Ingcinga ezihambe zethuba elifikelela ku-2025.

wenza njani imisebenzi ye-Ombudsman for Children eRashiya?

Ukusekwa kwe "ombudsman abantwana" ngowe-2009 Ndiwise sikaMongameli. It waqeshwa Pavel Astakhov. Imisebenzi koMkomishinala zamaLungelo abaNtwana kwi Russian Federation ngokungqinelana ne-Federal mthetho kunye namaxwebhu omhlaba. Igosa inenani amathuba, eqonda ukuba enze umsebenzi wakhe. Ukugxothwa esikhundleni, kwakunye nesabelo kuyo, kwenziwa nguMongameli.

amathuba zomthetho

UMkhomishinala unelungelo:

1. Thumela izicelo kwaye ufumane ngokungqinelana nomthetho oluyimfuneko ulwazi, izixhobo kunye amaxwebhu ukusuka arhente zikarhulumente kumanqanaba aphezulu, izithili needolophu, amagosa kunye namaziko, ukufikelela simahla ezi zakhiwo amandla.
2. Ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngentsebenziswano kunye neenkonzo abanobuchule nabasebenzi ukuba ahlole umsebenzi amaziko esigqeba Russian Federation kunye nezifundo zalo, ukuze ufumane kucaciswa eziyimfuneko kubo.
3. Mayibhekiswe onke amanqanaba karhulumente kwimeko yezenzo / ezishiyiweyo, izigqibo zabo, waphula izilangazelelo isencinci ingxelo yayo kunye neengcebiso malunga amanyathelo kunokwenzeka kwaye ayimfuneko okulungisa loo meko.
4. Zibandakanye ngendlela emiselweyo ukuba umsebenzi zenzululwazi zohlalutyo kunye nengcali ezinxulumene nokhuselo yeziko ebuntwaneni, imibutho yenzululwazi kunye namanye, iingcali kunye abaphengululi, kuquka qho zezivumelwano.

La mathuba, enyanisweni, ezithatyathwe umthetho olawula imisebenzi yoMkomishinala for Human Rights. Noko ke, ombudsman abantwana likaThixo abanalo uluhlu olubanzi enjalo yamathuba. Ngokukodwa, ukuze ingabi uqhelane kunye kwiingxelo senkundla, iinkolelo, izigwebo, izigqibo, kuquka ukwala ukuqalisa inkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, lo ummiselo uMongameli wabamba indawo ebalulekileyo. mandla zengingqi bayalelwa ukuba ukumisela umyalelo, njengako eya kwenziwa imisebenzi loMkomishinala lwamaLungelo abaNtwana kwisifundo ngasinye.

umbiko

Ombudsman yabantwana yazisa-arhente zikarhulumente malunga nomsebenzi wabo. Xa iingxelo zayo izigqibo wabacacisela lo imeko ngaphakathi sikhokelo yentlonipho iminqweno abantwana kweli lizwe. Imisebenzi koMkomishinala zamaLungelo abaNtwana kwi Russian Federation yenziwa ngentsebenziswano ngamandla karhulumente kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye entsimini, kwabeendaba kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente, ombudsmen kunye komishini ezikhethekileyo kwimimandla. Lungisa iingxelo zenkqubela, iingxelo ezikhethekileyo kunye nokuveza ukuba uluntu ivumela igosa ukuba achaze yezikhundla zabo, ukuvakalisa uluvo lwabo malunga nemeko lé ukukhuselwa iminqweno yabantwana, kunye ngokubanzi kulo lonke elo lizwe, bangegqithi kwiinkalo ezithile zobomi. Imisebenzi ye uMkomishinala lwamaLungelo abaNtwana isebenza njengesixhobo esinamandla, alunywe izimvo zoluntu.

Okukodwa

Eyona umsebenzi Ombudsman for Abantwana enxulumene ingqalelo izikhalazo ezivela kubahlali malunga nomsebenzi karhulumente wengingqi arhente, abasebenzi bakarhulumente kunye namanye amagosa. I-Ombudsman inika iingcebiso zomthetho ukuze abantu abafuna ukuthatha amathuba kusengakho isibheno siseko kumaziko ngamazwe (e-Hague sokugweba, iKomiti UN, njalo njalo). Officer ujongene izikhalazo hayi kuphela abemi lizwe kodwa evela kumaqumrhu angaphandle kwakunye non-njengabemi.

kwekhono

A minor ogama umdla aye anyhashwa, angafaka isicelo uKhomishina kwingingqi okanye igosa kwinqanaba federal. Ukuba kokuba uthumele isikhalazo kwi-Ombudsman yokuqala isifundo akukho ukwala ukwenza isicelo ngumba efanayo kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Kwisakhono uMkhomishinala ziquka ukwamkelwa izikhalazo ezivela kubantu amaziko lwabarhanelwa (amathanga njalo njalo.). Ngenxa yoko, ulawulo ngamaziko afana linyanzelekile ukuba uthumele ukuba izikhalazo Ombudsman ukusuka abemi ezinjalo. Noko ke, lo mthetho simisela osikiweyo ngokucacileyo oku. Isikhalazo kufuneka zithunyelwe kwisithuba ngenye imini emva kokufumana yeziko lobunkokheli le. Ulawulo akanalo ilungelo lokuba ukuvula umbhalo data okanye ukuveza ukuba ukujonga nangezinye iindlela.

Izigqibo izikhalazo

I-Ombudsman kusebenzisa ingqiqo yakhe yokuba ukwamkela isenzo kwi ekuqaleni kwimveliso unyango okanye ke asikhabe. Lo mthetho unika igosa ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

1. Ukuze kwesicelo ingqalelo kwimeko apho umenzi-sicelo isibheno ngokuchasene nomsebenzi ngaphambili-arhente zikarhulumente, ii-arhente zendawo, ukukhonza umyalelo yolawulo okanye eyenkundla, kodwa isigqibo aneliseke. Iinkqubo uMkomishinala uya kuba nelungelo ukuqala, xa yamkelwe hayi emva konyaka ukusuka kumhla ukugxojwa izinto okanye umhla xa sicelo wazi nto.
2. Igosa ayikwazi ukwamkela isikhalazo, ecacisa umbhali, apho kuyimfuneko ukuba ubhale kwindawo yokuqala.
3. Kwezinye iimeko uNozikhalazo unelungelo kwakhona isicelo kwiqumrhu elifanelekileyo ukusombulula le ngxaki.
4. I-Ombudsman angala ukwamkela isicelo siqwalaselwe.

Ngesigqibo sakhe UMkhomishinala unyanzelekile ukuba wazise umbhali kwisithuba seentsuku ezilishumi. Xa ufaka isikhalazo sakho, i-Ombudsman uya kwazisa iziko likarhulumente okanye urhulumente wengingqi efanelekileyo, igosa, umsebenzi wayo, izibika.

iitshekhi

Imisebenzi ye uMkhomishinala lwamaLungelo abaNtwana iquka kolawulo naziphi na ii-arhente zikarhulumente, amaziko kwinkqubo yabasemagunyeni indawo, amaziko, amashishini, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwabo ubunini kunye nesimo somthetho, imibutho yoluntu, iiyunithi zomkhosi. alunaye noko amnye ziphazamise owona kaNozikhalazo umsebenzi wakhe. Icinga kunye namagosa. Ngokukodwa, i-Ombudsman nga esweni imisebenzi kummandla ziingcali zamapolisa ODN. Ukuhlola ukuphepha, angenza zombini sodwa kunye nee-arhente abanobuchule ezikhethekileyo, abasebenzi bakarhulumente namanye amagosa. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-Ombudsman linike uphumezo kweemviwo. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zophando ukuba ulungiselela uluvo imibuzo ebuzwe isikhalazo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uNozikhalazo akenzi njengoko ukuphicothwa eligunyazisiweyo federal. Yena uhlola umsebenzi amaziko kunye namashishini, echaphazela ngqo izilangazelelo bantwana.

Umsebenzi kwiingingqi

Ukudala umfuziselo ngempumelelo iziko ukususela 1998. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa lezaBasebenzi, kunye nabanye abadlali baqalisa ukuphumeza iprojekthi elingwayo ibandakanya ukuqaliswa kwisikhundla soMkomishinala entsimini. Le nkqubo iye yaphunyezwa kunye nenkxaso ka-UNICEF. Ngelo lokuqala Kwizithuba zesibophelelo ezintlanu ziye zasekwa. Ngu February 1, 2003 kwimimandla 12 ombudsmen abantwana abasebenza ngayo. Ngokukodwa, imisebenzi eqhutywa yi-Ombudsman for Children in:

1. EMoscow.
2. St. Petersburg.
3. Chechen Republic.
4. North Ossetia-Alania.
5. Imimandla Novgorod, ESmolensk, Ivanovo, ukulungela ukusebenza, Volgograd, Samara, Kemerovo.
6. Krasnoyarsk kunye Krasnodar imimandla.

Kwinqanaba wesithathu ziye zaziswa kwizikhundla kwinqanaba likamasipala. Ngokukodwa, ombudsmen waqalisa ukusebenza kwisithili Arzamas of kummandla Nizhny Novgorod., Kwisixeko Volzhsky, Volgograd kwiNgingqi., Kwisixeko Yekaterinburg. Imimandla ezintlanu isikhundla yaziswa ngumthetho osebenzayo sifundo. Ngaloo yasekwa umsebenzi i-Ombudsman for Children kummandla Kemerovo, kummandla Samara., Krasnodar kr. kwaye njalo njalo. Kuma-15, ombudsmen amathathu asebenza ngokuzithandela.

ukuqashwa

Inkqubo yokusekwa zezithuba, kwakunye nobume yomthetho ombudsmen zengingqi ezahlukeneyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, basonta kwisebe yesigqeba. Ukutyunjwa kwamagosa lwenziwa ngokwemiyalelo iintloko zolawulo izifundo. Kuloo mimandla, apho isigqibo engqinelana nayo yenziwa kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, isithuba ingxelo kuthwalwa umzimba ummeli okanye kwemvume yakhe. Kulo mzekelo, i Ombudsmen afakwa kunye nobume epalamente. Ngenxa yoko ukufumana ukuzimela evela nezakhiwo isigqeba, nto leyo kwandisa impumelelo yomsebenzi wabo. Imisebenzi koMkomishinala zamaLungelo abaNtwana e Krasnoyarsk, eSt Petersburg, ummandla Samara. kunye nenani kwezinye iingingqi lwenziwa kwinkqubo yenzelwe izixhobo.

izithuba ezitsha

Kule minyaka mi-5 idlulileyo, ombudsmen ziye zasekwa phantse yonke imimandla yelo lizwe. Ngoko ke, ngo-2011, kwaqalisa imisebenzi Ombudsman for Children kummandla Voronezh. Isithuba ehambelana yasekwa ngengqibo kwirhuluneli lommandla. Umthetho olumisiweyo elichaziweyo kodambiso Ombudsman kaThixo, imisebenzi yayo kunye nemisebenzi. Imisebenzi koMkomishinala zamaLungelo abaNtwana kummandla Voronezh ifuna ufikelelo unimpeded kwizakhiwo zemimandla, ukukwazi inokucela kwaye ifumane nezinto eziyimfuneko, amaxwebhu kunye nolwazi kumagunya athile afanelekileyo, kwakunye nezinye izibonelelo ezibonelelwa yi imimiselo umongameli kunye irhuluneli. Officer Kwakhona ingxelo ngomsebenzi owenziweyo, isithethi, ithumela uluvo yayo yokucebisa kwi ngabasemagunyeni zengingqi kunye nabasebenzi bakarhulumente. Ukususela 2014 imisebenzi ye-Ombudsman for amalungelo abantwana naseNovosibirsk. Esi sikhundla lusekiwe ngokomthetho № 410-oz. isenzo olumisiweyo ichaza inkqubo umsebenzi Ombudsman, imisebenzi yakhe, imisebenzi. Imisebenzi ephambili igosa kufuneka iquke:

• Ukukhuthaza recovery umthetho umdla abasakhulayo kule ngingqi.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko inkululeko kunye namalungelo abantwana kule ndawo.
• Ukukhuthaza uphuhliso isiseko mthetho kwicandelo wokhuseleko kwenxaxheba bantwana.

Imisebenzi koMkomishinala zamaLungelo abaNtwana kwi naseNovosibirsk nayo ibandakanya ukuthatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi kwimfundo yomthetho, intsebenziswano phakathi lwengingqi.

Ukuhlobana umbuzo

Kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala Ombudsmen kwacaca ukuba ingxaki kakhulu yondele, hayi nje kuphela ukusebenza engafanelekanga yi abanobuchule amaqumrhu kunye namaziko imisebenzi yabo karhulumente, kodwa yaphula umdla ekhuselweyo ngokusemthethweni bantwana. Ngelishwa, umbutho umsebenzi wamapolisa iindawo hayi lalugubungela lonke lwaseNtshona Koloni ziba imiba enxulumene kwiziko ebuntwaneni. arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho enze uluhlu olubanzi loxanduva. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wabo uchaphazela iimfuno zabantwana ngezinga elincinane. msebenzi zazo eziphambili usebenza lokuthotyelwa komthetho. Umbutho yomsebenzi of iindawo kubandakanya intsebenziswano kunye nezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ezizodwa ngqo kwi umsebenzi nabantwana (ODN). Noko ke, amava iye yabonisa ukuba ayanelanga kakhulu. Kule nkalo, ingxelo kummandla yesifundo ngasinye yoMkomishinala lwamaLungelo abaNtwana lisebenza njengenyathelo onengqondo malunga ukuyilwa inkqubo ngokomgangatho entsha ukhuselo lomthetho. Xa umsebenzi wayo, uNozikhalazo incedisana iintlobo zengingqi kunye neendlela ukukhusela izilangazelelo bantwana ezikhoyo.

imisebenzi

Imisebenzi ye-Ombudsman for Children kule ngingqi iquka:

1. Ukuqinisekisa izinto ezisemthethweni kunye iziqinisekiso nenkululeko abantwana, ukongeza kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo kunye neentlobo nokhuseleko kubanjiswene karhulumente ndawo zezakhiwo amagunya akhoyo.
2. Uhlalutyo nemeko isigaba ukukhusela amalungelo abantwana.
3. Lonke uncedo kunokwenzeka ekubuyiselweni umdla yephule ngayo abantwana.

amandla

Ngaphandle amathuba zomthetho, i-Ombudsman wabhekisela kungaba ngaphezulu:

• Isicelo enkundleni, amaziko efanelekileyo kunye nesicelo umkhwetha / inkqubo yolawulo oluleko ngokuchasene nabo banoxanduva ukunyhashwa iimfuno bantwana.
• Lungiselela iziphakamiso izongezelelo utshintsho kwimigaqo ekhoyo elawula imibuzo malunga imihlaba ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo umntwana.

Benefits Institute

Amava Ombudsman for amalungelo abantwana ibonisa ukuba le isakhiwo iye zinendima ebalulekile iimfuno zomntwana. Eli ziko okwangoku usesikhundleni okhethekileyo. Ayizi phambili endaweni amaziko akhoyo, ezifana, ngokomzekelo, izidumbu trusteeship nokugada, ODN, ukwahlulwa ukhuseleko lwentlalo kunye nabanye. Kunye nale kwiziko uphumeza imisebenzi yayo ukunxibelelana kwezi zakhiwo. Ngokungafaniyo ukusebenza imibutho namhlanje, ogama ubuchule kukuqinisekisa ekukhuseleni iimfuno abantwana, iyunithi eligunyazisiweyo:

1. It has ulawulo oluzimeleyo yi uluntu umsebenzi koogunyaziwe benqila kunye zesizwe, amaziko abantwana ezizodwa bakhe.
2. Ukhusela abantwana ubani omalungelo akhe athe anyhashwa.
3. Oku kukhuthaza kwakhona umthetho izilangazelelo bantwana.

Ngokungafaniyo ofisi yomtshutshisi

Imisebenzi ye eligunyazisiweyo ongena uluhlu elimxinwa lwemiba. Uthi ngqo ekukhuseleni iimfuno bantwana. IOfisi yoMtshutshisi, ke, amandla, eziquka iindawo ezahlukeneyo kuluntu nakuRhulumente. Ngokukodwa, zinikeza lokuthobela kunye neemfuno umthetho kweliso, alungelelanisa umsebenzi ukuthotyelwa komthetho kwaye njalo njalo. Practice ubonisa ukuba umntwana akakwazi silindele ukubuyisa zabo xa isicelo kwi-ofisi yomtshutshisi. Iziko ogunyazisiweyo iyafikeleleka kakhulu umntwana xa kuthe kophulwa amalungelo akhe. Official ngenxa ngobuchule kunye neemfanelo zabo nzulu kunye ngempumelelo ngakumbi ukwenza ingxaki ethile ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuchonga izibakala ikukunyasha iimfuno esemthethweni umntwana, basabela ngokukhawuleza nokunika uncedo nengcali.

YeTrasti kunye Board of Trustees

La maqumrhu nabo inxaxheba ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wabo belujolise kakhulu kwimiba enxulumene senze, iinkedama, kumaziko, kwimeko ubomi nzima. Imisebenzi abagunyazisiweyo ziquka ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantwana ubuhlobo onke amaziko karhulumente.

KDN

Commission on Affairs Juvenile ukugxininisa kuthintelo namakhaya kunye ukungahoywa, kwakunye neminye imiba, enxulumene. Enyanisweni, KDN iye "wakhathazeka" yi bantwana. IKhomishini le inaba bantu nabameli izakhiwo olawulo. UMkomishinala ibandakanyeka ezininzi iingxaki. Usebenza rhoqo kwaye buqu aqonde imeko.

Ukusebenza kwe-ofisi zemimandla

Abagunyazisiweyo kwisifundo ngayo umfanekiso opheleleyo le meko phakathi kwintsimi ethile. Yena buqu inxaxheba ekusonjululweni kwimeko kwindawo yokuhlala umntwana. Abamiselweyo okanye abakhethwe umntu kwi-ofisi hlobo igunya loluntu. Yena neyomthetho inkqubo kufuna ukuba umntu anazo, ngaphandle izakhono zobungcali ezifunekayo, iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zobuqu. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi kwiimeko apho kubaphathiswa amiswe sisigqibo yowiso-mthetho okanye kwemvume yakhe.