UPliny Younger: Biography kanye namagugu

Umbhali waseRoma yaye laseburhulumenteni, noPliny Younger idume nangasekhohlo kuso emva ileta, kunye ubugagu yakhe. umsebenzi wakhe bachuma loMlawuli uTrajan, yaye "Golden Age" karhulumente yamandulo.

usapho

Umbhali uPliny elizayo Younger wazalwa ngo-'61 kumantla eItali, kwisixeko Como. U-kwintsapho yeengcungcu. uyise wakhe igosa ebalulekileyo owayesebenza kumasipala wengingqi. Kwicala koomama umalume wakhe noPliny Younger waba Pliniy Starshy (iminyaka 22-79.). Kwakhona waba ngumbhali. "Imbali Natural" wakhe encyclopedia edumileyo, apho ezinikelwe ngezimanga zendalo kunye izinto. UPliny walahlekelwa uyise, emva koko yamkelwa ngumalume wakhe, owada wendisela umtshana bakhe, ngelo xesha imfundo.

ukufa kabawokazi

Umalume kunye nomtshana abakubonileyo mlilo eyoyikekayo ntshava ePompeii ngo-79 AD. Pliniy Starshy ngelo xesha umphathi yasekuhlaleni kwizithuthi. Ngesizathu esithile, yena enqanaweni wasondela mlilo umgama kuyingozi kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba oko sele wadliswa umphunga of nesalfure. UPliny Younger ngoko amakhwenkwe elinesibhozo kuphela. Kamva, kwenye yeencwadi zakhe mbali uTacitus, uya ukuchaza iimeko ntlekele. mbali Modern akasoze wafunda ezinye iinkcukacha malunga kuqhambuko ntshava, ukuba kungabi ngenxa noPliny Younger. KaPompeii waba intloko yakhe kunye namava nto yoyikekayo ebomini.

career

UPliny wafunda ekhaya umalume wakhe. Kodwa ukongezelela, ukuthi ukwenza uluhlu yasemkhosini Virginia uRute, ngaxa lithile akwazi nokuba abe ngumlawuli, kodwa wala yoncedo. Xa UPliny ekhula, wakhetha umsebenzi isicaka yoluntu. Ukuze wenze oku, wafudukela eRoma, apho wayefunda khona ritorskoy esikolweni. Kakade ekupheleni omfana ezilishumi unesiphiwo yesibini waqalisa ukufunda izisekelo lobhengezo.

Phantsi igosa uMlawuli uDomitian wenza umsebenzi omhle. Ngo-'94, waba ngumphathi ubuncwane emkhosini. Yaba kwindawo ethe kakhulu, nto leyo athi nabagxeki emininzi uPliny. Kuphela ukufa mbilini * uKhesare akaninikanga i die intshisakalo ngenxa yesiqalekiso lobuxoki.

uTrajan eyiyona

Ngowe-'98 weza igunya, umlawuli uTrajan. A a ri ni vuxaka lebyikulu kwaye uthembele kubhungwa. Ngoko ke, irhuluneli entsha oqeshwe yi umbhali kwizikhundla ebalulekileyo kurhulumente. Ngowe-100 UPliny waba ngunozakuzaku, waba kwikholeji ababingeleli kubonisa ukuba emva kweminyaka emithathu kamva. Aba bantu benza into emicimbini ebalulekileyo ethathwe kuluntu wamandulo wobuhedeni. Kubonisa ukuba sithandabuze kunye ubuthixo obumntwisiweyo amandla umlawuli.

Noko ke, nangona inkonzo karhulumente, uPliny ibashiye yokusebenza komthetho. Wayengomnye ingcali ezininzi makahlonitshwe umthetho ikomkhulu likaThixo. Ebudeni beminyaka yomsebenzi esebenzayo, lo mntu waba esisityebi yaye nemizi yabo. Kodwa akazange azilibale malunga okukhulu. Umzekelo, kwidolophu ikhaya Tsomo kudala saba umxhasi enamandla. Baba UPliny Younger Guy. biography emfutshane ngobomi lwalowo alunto ngumzekelo intshisakalo okucacileyo uBukhosi baseRoma ngexesha ngexesha layo.

Ngowe-110 UPliny nyaka-ofisi yakhe yokugqibela yoluntu. UTrajan wammisa inxusa kwiphondo esemagqagaleni nakwelaseBhitini, apho ukonakala weyisa. Lo mlawuli babenethemba lokuba ligosa ihloniphekile yaye igqwetha liya kuba nako ukuphelisa ububi. UPliny wayehlala Asia Minor iminyaka emithathu wafa kunyaka 113.

nokubhala

Ukususela ukufunda nokubhala konobumba ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle zombhali noPliny Younger ukuya noMlawuli uTrajan. Zabhalelwa kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi ezisemthethweni, xa wayehlala nakwelaseBhitini, yaye zigcinwe kwebala kunye nomlawuli kuphela ngembalelwano. Le misebenzi yapapashwa emva kokufa kwakhe kwaye ngumzekelo okhanyayo uhlobo epistolary.

Ngokutsho imbalelwano kaPliny izizukulwana ezininzi mbali wabancina ubomi kunye nezithethe uBukhosi baseRoma kwi Ekuveleni I kunye kwiinkulungwane II. Umbhali ulwazi obalaseleyo Latin, owenza yokubhala lakhe lokusebenza Ukugunda ukuba ukufunda ulwimi. Ezincwadini zakhe Trayanu UPliny wachaza nje ubomi osempuma, kodwa kakhulu intetho malunga nezopolitiko. Ukongeza, ngokuphindaphindiweyo wabhekisela kuluntu zokuqala zamaKristu, ngelo xesha wayephila ubukhosi njengoko elinamandla.

Ekubeni uPliny imilingo kangangexesha elithile, yena ezazi kakuhle kwimibandela yonqulo. In uBukhosi baseRoma, ukunqulwa umlawuli lusasazwe. AmaKristu aphike, kuba ukuba baye basenokuhlaselwa ngabasemagunyeni. UPliny kwiincwadi zakhe wachaza nangokwamasiko abantu abahlala kwi semi-uluntu.

Ngexesha yomphefumlo umbhali uye wapapasha imiqulu asithoba iileta zakhe, wathumela iintlobo zabantu. Abanye babo uPliny ngokushushu waxabana addressees zakhe, ebonisa ubugcisa bakhe ritorskoe aziwa. Xa intshumayelo yakhe iimbono, ngokufuthi waxelisa uCicero. iincwadi UPliny bakaThixo ziyahlonelwa iincwadi yamaRoma. Baye zaguqulelwa Russian kwaye ifakiwe zezifundo eyunivesithi ngembali kunye monographs ezahlukeneyo.