United Arab Republic nokubunjwa kwayo. Ingubo iingalo iingqekembe United Arab Republic

United Arab Republic yasekwa ngo-1958 njengenxalenye ye eYiputa-Aram, waze 1961, xa yokugqibela wemka emva kokuba mdibi. Egypt waqhubeka ukuba ngokusesikweni eyaziwa ngokuba United Arab Republic de-1971.

IMVELAPHI yokudibanisa

February 1, 1958 iqela leenkokheli zopolitiko wamajoni Syria wacela ukuba uMongameli Egyptian Gamal Abdel Nasser kokudityaniswa mazwe mabini nje inyathelo lokuqala kwindlela eya ipani-Arabhu karhulumente enkulu.

Mbono yokuhlanganisa onke Arabhu bebefudula enamandla kakhulu-Aram, kunye Nasser wayeyinkokeli ethandwa kwihlabathi Arab emva Suez kweMfazwe ngo-1956. Party of the Arab Socialist Renaissance (Baath) yaba socebayo aphambili manyano onjalo.

Ngoxa Aram, kukho ayiphikisani ekubetheleleni indawo yayo amaKomanisi kwaye Party leyo ebelawula Baath Party, apho kufumaneke umba ophambili yingxaki lwangaphakathi baye bafuna ukusuka apho amalungu ayo abadumileyo ukufumana usindiso ngohlobo umfelandawonye eYiputa. Aram ulilizwe ledemokrasi ukususela ukubhukuqwa wolawulo emkhosini ngowe-1954, kodwa emkhosini iqhubeka nokudlala indima lwiimi ziveleleyo lizwe kuwo onke amanqanaba. Oku akuzange kulungele iqhajana sinotyekelo authoritarianism Nasser, ngubani aspired ukuya ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo Siriya yangoku phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, "umYiputa" inkqubo karhulumente.

Qala association

amagama Final Nasser Union baba kakhulu and non-yokuxoxisana:

• ngodaba ubunye inkxaso lwabantu lwala mazwe mabini;
• sokuchitha zamaqela;
• ukurhoxiswa yomkhosi kwipolitiki.

Nangona zimvo kwabonakala umlinganiselo olufanelekileyo uninzi le-Elite yaseSiriya, imiqathango ezimbini zokugqibela yayo navuso kakhulu. Abaninzi babekholelwa ukuba ukwamkelwa kwabo atshitshise ubomi yezopolitiko Aram. Nangona ezi nkxalabo, iinkokeli waseSiriya wayesazi ukuba likhona ukuba babuye umva. Elite e Syria kugqalwa naziphi eYiputa baloo ezimbi ezimbini, njengendlela ukuxhathisa impembelelo nokuqiniswa ndawonye. Ayekholelwa ukuba iimeko Nasser baba ubulungisa, kodwa, anikwe uxinzelelo eliqele phakathi kwilizwe labo, wayekholelwa ukuba akukho ndlela yimbi.

UMongameli Egyptian Nasser kunye inkokeli waseSiriya Kuatli 01/02/1958 kokuba utyikitye isivumelwano preliminary ukuzimanyanisa kumazwe abo. Nangona nesibhengezo esityikityiweyo kuthetha ukuba United Arab Republic eYiputa neSiriya, kodwa wagxininisa ukuba kwi Uar unako ukungena nayiphi na amazwe ama-Arabhu. la mazwe mabini eyayibanjwe ngenyanga enye, oko kwamenza inkxaso yabo Union referendums kwabantu abo.

Nasser waba ngumongameli we United Arab Republic, yaye kungekudala waqalisa ke ingcinezelo nxamnye ngamaKomanisi umAram kunye abachasi manyano, ababegxothiwe emisebenzini yabo.

Eyona ndlela yokwakha inkqubo yezopolitiko SAR

Abaxhasi umanyene eYiputa wayekholelwa ukuba Nasser isebenzisa Party wabo Baath ukulawula Syria (kwifoto ngezantsi oko kuboniswa kule nkampani kunye wabaseki iqela ngo-1958). Ngelishwa Baathists, injongo yakhe ukuba ungabelani amandla ngokulinganayo phakathi kwamaYiputa Aram. Nasser waseka siseko yethutyana omtsha, ngokwendlela apho United Arab Republic ifumene yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe (ipalamente) kwamalungu 600 (400 eYiputa ne-200 ukusuka Syria), kwaye zonke ngoku zichithakala nje amaqela umSiriya ezopolitiko, kuquka Baath. Iqela yomthetho kuphela United Arab Republic pro-kamongameli Union National.

Syria neYiputa kukho iinxalenye ezimbini ukungalingani Uar

Nangona m and wavumela babesakuba ngamalungu Baath Party ukuba babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo ebalulekileyo izakhiwo amandla, kodwa zange ifikelele ukuba ulawulo ubunzima kumazwe abo njengamagosa zaseYiputa. Ebusika kunye ithende 1959-60 gg. Nasser chu "oluphumayo ngaphandle" Aram abadumileyo ukuze kwizikhundla ezibalulekileyo. UmSiriya Ministry of Industry, umzekelo, ezisixhenxe izithuba ezilishumi zazaliswa yi amaYiputa. I-General Petroleum Administration, ezine eziphezulu iinkokheli abangu amaYiputa.

ukuguqulwa eyongayo Uar

NgoJuni 1960, Nasser wazama ukuphumeza lokulungisa umnotho ezathi ebekumele ukuba uqoqosho waseSiriya ngokusekelwe kwipropati yabucala, waya eYiputa, ngokusekelwe ukukhonya kwicandelo loluntu kulo. Nasser waqalisa nenqwaba phantsi kwesizwe eSiriya eYiputa. Kulo mzekelo, ngokokubona elite waseSiriya zingahoywa. Zonke urhwebo zomqhaphu yabekwa phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente, ukuba nayo uhulumeni zonke inkampani yokungenisa-kwamanye amazwe. Nasser wabhengeza ukuba imizi egcina imali, iinkampani ze-inshorensi kunye yonke le enzima. feddans kakade kuka-100 (1 feddan = 4200m ²⁾ zixhomekeke kukuyeka abanini (ifom bokuhlala "dekulakization" in Arabic). Irhafu kwi amahlwempu ziye kakhulu zancitshiswa vpolot ukugqiba ukupheliswa, kwezinye iimeko. irhafu Devyanostoprotsentny ifakiwe kwi yonke ingeniso ngasentla 10,000 neekhilogram zaseYiputa. Abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi baye bamkelwa kulawulo lwamashishini kunye nelungelo lokufumana-25% inzuzo yazo. Ixesha avareji nalo lancitshiswa iiyure ezisixhenxe ngaphandle ekunciphiseni umvuzo.

Ubude antiegipetskih mbono

Asingabo bonke wayethanda kwi inguqu Syria efanayo ngomoya "socialism Arab". Ke amagosa omkhosi waseSiriya wayecatshukiswa isikhundla sakhe owayamileyo phambi namagosa baseYiputa, kunye nezizwe esenjalo yaseSiriya ufumene imali evela Saudi Arabia ukuthintela ekubeni enyanisekile m. Ukongeza, bohlaziyo lwemithetho yomhlaba indlela yaseYiputa kwakhokelela ukuphela kwezolimo yaseSiriya, amaKomanisi kwakhona waqala ukufumana impembelelo, kunye neengqondi ye Baath Party, leyo ekuqaleni inkxaso umbutho batshintsha mood zabo.

Ngelo xesha eYiputa, imeko entle ngakumbi ukwandisa GDP nge 4.5% kunye ukukhula ngokukhawuleza shishino ngokusebenzisa uphuhliso layo waseSiriya. Oku negalelo ekukhuleni ukunganeliseki e-Aram.

Relations kunye nabamelwane

I-United Arab Republic elalisandul 'ukusekwa kwathathwa njenge ekusongeleni izikumkani asebumelwaneni (ngexesha) - Iraq kunye kweYordan. Syria ibonwa njengomthombo ukumkani nokuxhokonxa bobabini revolution kunye yokufihla nabavukeli bavukela Jordanian uKumkani Hussein kunye Yibone Iraqi Faisal II. Egypt jikelele ozakuthathwa nakuwubona karhulumente i-West, ukuxhasa zombini urhulumente monarchical. Ngoko ke, i-United Arab Republic kunye kweYordan, ingqalelo yi-Iraq njenge iqela ngqo. La mazwe mabini abe ubuhlobo sele antinaserovsky zomkhosi umyalelo emanyeneyo yomkhosi kunye mali omnye wokhuselo yasekwa ngoFebruwari 1958,-80% yazo yaba ukunika Iraq ize i-20% - Jordan. Enyanisweni, kwakukho nokumanyana mazwe mabini, Noko ke, wawa ngaphandle.

Abanabuhlobo iyakwamkela nokudalwa Uar kunye elingummelwane naseLebhanon, umongameli yakhe, Kamil Shamun, nokumbetha m. Kweli lizwe, ukungqubana imfazwe phakathi abaxhasi ukulawula kwi United Arab Republic kunye nabaxhasi geqe.

Revolution e Iraq

July 14, 1958 amagosa Iraq abaqalise umbuso awazibhukuqayo ukumkani kweli lizwe. Nasser nangoko walibona urhulumente omtsha wathi "nayiphi kuhlaselwa Iraq kuya kuthetha ukuba uhlaselo kwi United Arab Republic." Ngosuku olulandelayo, US uMarines kunye umkhosi waseBritani ziwela babe seLebhanon, Jordan ukukhusela amazwe ahlasela pronaserovskih.

Nasser kucingelwa ukuba i-United Arab Republic kungekudala wongezelela ilungu elitsha - Iraq. Noko ke, ziinkokheli ezintsha Iraqi, ebona isiphelo kunoogxa babo umAram e United Arab Republic, kwaba ayilibali ukuyeka amandla. Kwaye ngo-1959, Iraq iNkulumbuso Kassem wayeka zonke thethwano kwi Ukuvuma United Arab Republic.

Ngowe-1963, emva kokuba amandla eSiriya Iraq, abameli Baath Party, iinzame omtsha ukuba bamanyane kula mazwe kunye eYiputa sele lwenziwe. Nkqu iinkokheli amazwe amathathu basayine yimbalelwano joint malunga nokusekwa Federation. Kodwa ke begazi ayizange ukuhamba ngenxa umahluko othile phakathi kwamazwe malunga gosustroystve ilizwe elitsha.

Ukuwa SAR kunye kwalandela

September 28, 1961 iqela lamagosa abaqalise umbuso wathi uzimele geqe United Arab Republic of Aram. Ngoxa iinkokeli lika babekulungele ukuqhubeka ubukho Union kwiimeko ezithile wabeka iSiriya kwi ngokulinganayo kunye eYiputa, kodwa Nasser wala le ukusilela. Yena ekuqaleni ukuthumela amajoni ukubhukuqa urhulumente omtsha, kodwa wala ukwenza oku ngokukhawuleza yaye yaxelelwa ukuba abokugqibela namahlakani ayo Syria waqonda ukuba urhulumente omtsha. Kweentetho olandela revolution umSiriya, Nasser wabhengeza ukuba akasoze bayeke injongo yabo yokugqibela manyano pan-Arabhu. Noko ke, akasayi kuba nenkqubela entsha etheni kule njongo.

Nasser uthemba ukuba ukuvuselelwa Union, kubonakala kwinto yokuba ngexesha eYiputa bakhe baqhubeka bebizwa ngokuba 'SAR ", olwaqhubeka kwaze 1971.

A iinzame entsha yokuhlanganisa Arab awawuqalayo 70s, inkokheli Libyan Muammar Gaddafi. Ngenxa yemigudu yakhe weza Federation of Arab ngo-1971 (AFD) njengenxalenye Libya, Egypt neSiriya, olwaqhubeka kwaze-1977 (kwifoto ngezantsi neenkokeli kumazwe amathathu utyikitye isivumelwano kwi Federation). Olu imfundo yendalo declarative, naziphi ulawulo Par jikelele akakho, kwaye ilungu ithi rhoqo befuna ukuba ukugqiba eendibano amabini (Libya, Egypt, Syria, Egypt) ngaphakathi nakwiimanyano ezichaphazelekileyo. Libya and eYiputa waba kancinane ukwenza ezinye ekulweni ngowe-1977, amalungu eziseleyo KUTHI GA NGOKU.

United Arab Republic: ingubo iingalo iflegi

Uar yamkela iflegi esekelwe kuyilo weflegi Arab Liberation wamvusa ngexesha yomYiputa Revolution ka-1952, kodwa iinkwenkwezi ezimbini ezimele iinxalenye ezimbini United Arab Republic. Ukususela ngowe-1980 yena ligosa iflegi-Aram. Ngowe-1963, Iraq yamkela iflegi ukuba phantse twatse iflegi ye-United Arab Republic sele nongasebenziyo, kodwa iinkwenkwezi ezintathu, emele ithemba ukuba ilizwe elimanyeneyo uya kuphila.

SAR waye ingubo lwesizwe, yaba ungoyena usembindini apho oko. Ngokuba. Eagle of Saladin - ukhozi, uphinda ochaphazelekayo BAS-isiqabu ngasentshonalanga udonga iCairo kwinqaba iShushan eyakhiwa Saladin. Kwi lwebele okhozi Uyingweletshetshe imivumbo ezintathu nkqo ezinemibala - ebomvu, abamhlophe nabamnyama, neenkwenkwezi ezimbini eluhlaza embindini ngomvumbo emhlophe. Ezi imibala zine njalo. Ubizwa. "Imibala Pan-Arabhu", ezibe imibala yenarha ezahlukeneyo Arab Caliphate.

A iribhoni eliluhlaza neenzipho ukhozi igxunyekwe umbhalo ngoonobumba Arabic. "United Arab Republic"

Yintoni imali ababehamba imfundo karhulumente, njengoko United Arab Republic? Coins emahlelweni enye iponti yaseYiputa yaye omnye Pound waseSiriya isondlo sibe kwegazi lingana United Arab Republic, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngqo kuye yenzelwe ukuba iindawo ezifanelekileyo lizwe.
Le ifoto ngasentla ibonisa lwemali wesikiti mnye, ziphume ngomnyaka United Arab Republic (Egypt) ngo-1970 emva kokufa uMongameli m.